Feta is considered to be the pearl of the lyrics. Fet's poetry: main themes and motives, artistic originality. Metaphors and epithets

The first collection of poems reflected the artistic originality of Fet's poetry, defined the range of themes, motives and images of his lyrics. Russia appears in the collection as the main poetic image. The poet sharply perceives the beauty of reality and considers beauty as an indispensable attribute of life. Native nature in its immediate real life appears in Fet's poetry as the main sphere of manifestation of beauty. The poem "I am Russian", which opens the collection of 1850, speaks of the special nature of the aesthetic perception of nature by the poet, that the gloomy and disharmonious elements of the northern landscape seem beautiful to him, that the feeling of beauty is inseparable from his love for his homeland:

I am Russian, I love the silence of the filthy distance,

Under the canopy of snow, like a monotonous death,

Forests under hats or in gray hoarfrost

Yes, the river is sonorous under dark blue ice.

How they like to find thoughtful eyes

Winded ditches, winded mountains,

Sleepy blades of grass - or among the bare fields,

Where the hill is bizarre, like some kind of mausoleum,

Sculpted at midnight - whirling distant whirlwinds

And solemn brilliance at the sounds of funerals!

Fet creates a tragic, disharmonious image of the nature of the north. The emptiness, deadness of the winter expanse and the loneliness of a person lost in it are expressed in this poem through the overall color of the picture and through every detail of it. This nature is dear to the poet. The motives of joy and sadness, death and love are merged in the poem.

In the poem "Sad birch ..." Fet depicts one birch, which he sees every day through the window of his room, and for the poet the slightest changes on a tree bare in winter serve as the embodiment of the beauty and peculiar life of the winter nature of his native land.

In the poem "Whisper, timid breath ..." there are no verbs. The poet portrayed the night as a change of meaningful moments full of content, as a stream of events. The poem tells how the night gives way to dawn, and in the relationship between lovers, after the explanation, clarity comes. Action develops in parallel between people and in nature.

In the late 50s and 60s, the idea of ​​harmony between man and nature in Fet's work loses its absolute significance. If earlier he expressed the same conviction in verses - the conviction that he belongs to nature, that he is part of it, that her voice sounds in his verses, now he feels like the voice of the Universe and enters into an argument with God, refusing to recognize power divine Providence over the internally free human personality. Speaking of God, he meant the force that determines the laws of nature on a cosmic scale, the force that rules the universe, but is completely devoid of ethical content.

The desire to go beyond time and space is one of the constant motives of Fet's late lyrics.

After Pushkin, there was another "joyful" poet in Russia - this is Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. In his poetry there are no motives of civil, freedom-loving lyrics, he did not raise social issues. His work is a world of beauty and happiness. Fet's poems are permeated with powerful flows of energy of happiness and delight, filled with admiration for the beauty of the world and nature. The main motive of his lyrics was beauty. It was her that he sang in everything. Unlike most Russian poets of the second half of the 19th century, with their protests and denunciations of the existing order, Fet considered poetry a "temple of art", and himself a priest in it. Later, symbolist poets at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries adhered to this point of view. They considered Fet their brilliant teacher.

Nature, love and musical art are merged into one in Fet's lyrics. The poet reflects the world of feelings, moods in all their infinite variety. Each poem by Fet is created as an original melody. Composers immediately felt this and created many romances based on Fet's poems. This is the poem "Fantasy":

We are alone; from the garden to the glass windows

The moon is shining... our candles are dim;

Your fragrant, your obedient curl,

Developing, falls on the shoulders.

Fet brilliantly knew how to depict a moment, a moment of feeling, transitions from one mood to another. For this, contemporary critics called his poems "plotless." Researchers of the 20th century have already called Fet's work impressionism in Russian poetry for the author's ability to convey the slightest shades of feelings. Best of all, the poet succeeded in the genre of lyrical miniature:

In this mirror under the willow

Caught my look jealous

Sweet features of the heart ...

Softer your proud gaze ...

I'm trembling looking happy

How you tremble in the water.

Fet's love lyrics are an ocean of sun, happiness and joy. He idolizes a woman, wants to fulfill her every desire, caring and gentle towards her:

Don't wake her up at dawn

At dawn she sleeps so sweetly;

Morning breathes on her chest

Brightly puffs on the pits of the cheeks.

The feeling of love in Fet is devoid of destructive passion, like in Tyutchev. The poet admires his beloved, who fills the world of beauty and peace with her existence. The lyrical hero is kind and attentive, he is a real protector from all evil for his beloved. He is solid, reliable and calmly happy, nothing threatens his love:

Tell that with the same passion

Like yesterday, I came again

That the soul is still the same happiness

And ready to serve you.

Fet’s nature is alive and thinking: “morning breathes”, “the forest woke up”, “the moon played”, etc. Using the method of personification, the poet achieves an amazing effect of communication, unity of man with nature:

The garden is in bloom

Evening on fire

So refreshingly joyful to me!

Here I stand

Here I go.

Like a mysterious speech I'm waiting for.

The masterpiece of Fet's lyrics is the poem "Whisper, timid breathing ...". The landscape painting includes a scene of a meeting between lovers. The communication of people and the life of nature are conveyed in dynamics, although there is not a single verb in the poem. Nature reflects the passionate feelings of lovers:

Whisper, timid breath,

trill nightingale,

Silver and flutter

sleepy stream,

Night light, night shadows,

Shadows without end

A series of magical changes

sweet face,

In smoky dots the purple of a rose,

reflection of amber,

And kisses, and tears,

And dawn, dawn!..

Following his artistic style, the poet does not show the development of relations between young people, but depicts moments of supreme delight, the most significant for them.

Fet's landscape poems are usually full of life, sounds and smells, but sometimes he manages to create a majestic picture of evening nature:

The mirror moon floats across the azure desert,

The grasses of the steppe are humiliated by evening moisture,

Speech is jerky, the heart is again superstitious,

Long shadows in the distance sank into a hollow.

In his lyrics, the poet strove to depict not objects, but the feelings that they evoke. His innovation lies in the ability to convey the momentary variability of the world. That is why the poet's habitual images turn into something new and unusual, surprising readers. Fet, like no one else, managed to describe the world of beautiful human feelings, his poems became classics of Russian lyrics of the 19th century.

    • Tyutchev and Fet, who determined the development of Russian poetry in the second half of the 19th century, entered literature as poets of "pure art", expressing in their work a romantic understanding of the spiritual life of man and nature. Continuing the traditions of Russian romantic writers of the first half of the 19th century (Zhukovsky and early Pushkin) and German romantic culture, their lyrics were devoted to philosophical and psychological problems. A distinctive feature of the lyrics of these two poets was that it was characterized by the depth […]
    • Others inherited from nature a prophetically blind instinct: They smell them, hear the waters And in the dark depths of the earth. Beloved by the great mother, Your destiny is envious a hundred times: More than once under the visible shell You have seen her very. F. I. Tyutchev Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet was sincerely convinced that you need to create only following your inspiration, emotional impulse. He denied the leading role of reason in the "free arts". The subject of art, in his opinion, can be, first of all, nature, love, beauty, and here the […]
    • Impressionism focuses on the impact of creativity on human feelings. Feelings are the basis. The Russian word "impression" (like the French "impression") comes from the words "print", "imprint", here it means a certain internal imprint of past events, images. Sunset and sunrise, birdsong, snow - this is just a statement of facts. Bloody sunset, spring dawn, nightingale trills, sparkling snow - this is already an impact on the feelings of readers. "The first snow..." Someone, for example, […]
    • The work of the great Russian poet Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is a world of beauty. His poems are permeated with powerful flows of energy of happiness and delight, filled with admiration for the beauty of the world and nature. The main motive of his lyrics was beauty. It was her that he sang in everything. Fet's love lyrics are an ocean of sun, happiness and joy. He idolizes a woman, wants to fulfill her every desire, he is caring and gentle towards her: Do not wake her at dawn, At dawn she sleeps so sweetly; Morning breathes on her […]
    • The literary fate of Fet is not quite usual. His poems, written in the 40s. XIX century., were met very favorably; they were reprinted in anthologies, some of them were set to music and made the name Fet very popular. And indeed, lyrical poems, imbued with spontaneity, liveliness, sincerity, could not fail to attract attention. In the early 50s. Fet was published in Sovremennik. His poems were highly appreciated by the editor of the magazine Nekrasov. He wrote about Fet: “Something strong and fresh, pure […]
    • Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is a famous Russian poet. The first collection of his poems, Lyrical Pantheon, was published in 1840. By the beginning of the 1860s, when the social forces associated with the revolutionary situation disengaged in Russia, Fet advocated the rights of the landowners. He wrote little during this time. Only in his declining years did the poet return to creativity, releasing four collections of poems under the general title "Evening Lights". In his work, he is a supporter of the doctrine of "pure art", which avoided […]
    • The poem "The night shone ..." is one of Fet's best lyrical works. Moreover, this is one of the best examples of Russian love lyrics. The poem is dedicated to a young, charming girl who went down in history not only thanks to Fet's poem, she was one of the real prototypes of Tolstoy's Natasha Rostova. Fet's poem is not about Fet's feelings for the sweet Tanechka Bers, but about high human love. Like all true poetry, Fet's poetry generalizes and elevates, leads into the universal - into a […]
    • A. N. Maykov and A. A. Fet can rightly be called singers of nature. In landscape lyrics they reached brilliant artistic heights, genuine depth. Their poetry attracts with sharpness of vision, subtlety of the image, loving attention to the smallest details of the life of native nature. A. N. Maikov was also a good artist, so he liked to poetically display the bright, sunny state of nature in his poems. And what could be brighter and sunnier than a singing spring or summer day? Awakened […]
    • Afanasy Fet is a wonderful Russian poet, the founder of the poetic genre - a lyrical miniature. The subject matter of his poetry is limited. His poetry is “pure poetry”, there are no social issues of reality in it, no civic motives. He chose such a stylistic device of narration, which allowed him to hide his soul from the reader behind the external course of events. Fet cares only about beauty - nature and love. He considers poetry to be the temple of art, and the poet is the priest of this temple. These two themes of Fet's poetry are closely connected […]
    • Ivan Alekseevich Bunin - the greatest writer of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. He entered literature as a poet, created wonderful poetic works. 1895 ... The first story "To the End of the World" is published. Encouraged by the praise of critics, Bunin begins to engage in literary work. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is the winner of various awards, including the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933. In 1944, the writer creates one of the most wonderful stories about love, about the most beautiful, significant and lofty, […]
    • The theme of revolution and civil war became one of the main themes of Russian literature of the 20th century for a long time. These events not only dramatically changed the life of Russia, redrawn the entire map of Europe, but also changed the life of every person, every family. Civil wars are usually called fratricidal. This is essentially the nature of any war, but in a civil war this essence of it comes to light especially sharply. Hatred often brings together people who are related by blood in it, and the tragedy here is extremely naked. Awareness of the civil war as a national […]
    • The best part of Yesenin's creativity is connected with the village. The birthplace of Sergei Yesenin was the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. The middle, the heart of Russia, gave the world a wonderful poet. The ever-changing nature, the colorful local dialect of the peasants, old traditions, songs and fairy tales from the cradle entered the consciousness of the future poet. Yesenin claimed: “My lyrics are alive with one great love, love for the motherland. The feeling of the motherland is the main thing in my work.” It was Yesenin who managed to create in Russian lyrics the image of a village in the late XIX - early XX […]
    • The mystery of love is eternal. Many writers and poets unsuccessfully tried to solve it. Russian word artists dedicated the best pages of their works to the great feeling of love. Love awakens and incredibly enhances the best qualities in a person's soul, makes him capable of creativity. The happiness of love cannot be compared with anything: the human soul flies, it is free and full of delight. The lover is ready to embrace the whole world, move mountains, forces are revealed in him that he did not even suspect. Kuprin owns wonderful […]
    • Throughout his creative activity, Bunin created poetic works. Bunin's original, unique in artistic style lyrics cannot be confused with the poems of other authors. The individual artistic style of the writer reflects his worldview. Bunin in his poems responded to the complex issues of life. His lyrics are multifaceted and deep in philosophical questions of understanding the meaning of life. The poet expressed moods of confusion, disappointment, and at the same time knew how to fill his […]
    • Alexander Blok lived and worked at the turn of the century. His work reflected all the tragedy of the time, the time of preparation and implementation of the revolution. The main theme of his pre-revolutionary poems was the sublime, unearthly love for the Beautiful Lady. But there was a turning point in the history of the country. The old, familiar world collapsed. And the soul of the poet could not but respond to this collapse. First of all, reality demanded it. It seemed to many then that pure lyrics would never be in demand in art. Many poets and […]
    • The beginning of the 20th century in Russian literature was marked by the emergence of a whole galaxy of diverse trends, trends, and poetic schools. Symbolism (V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, A. Bely), acmeism (A. Akhmatova, N. Gumilev, O. Mandelstam), futurism (I. Severyanin, V. Mayakovsky) became the most outstanding movements that left a significant mark on the history of literature. , D. Burliuk), imagism (Kusikov, Shershenevich, Mariengof). The work of these poets is rightly called the lyrics of the Silver Age, that is, the second most important period […]
    • Osip Emilievich Mandelstam belonged to a galaxy of brilliant poets of the Silver Age. His original high lyrics became a significant contribution to Russian poetry of the 20th century, and the tragic fate still does not leave admirers of his work indifferent. Mandelstam began writing poetry at the age of 14, although his parents did not approve of this activity. He received an excellent education, knew foreign languages, was fond of music and philosophy. The future poet considered art the most important thing in life, he formed his own ideas about […]
    • The image of the life of the Don Cossacks in the most turbulent historical time of the 10-20s of the XX century is dedicated to the novel by M. Sholokhov "The Quiet Don". The main life values ​​of this class have always been family, morality, land. But the political changes taking place at that time in Russia are trying to break the life foundations of the Cossacks, when a brother kills a brother, when many moral commandments are violated. From the first pages of the work, the reader gets acquainted with the way of life of the Cossacks, family traditions. At the center of the novel is […]
    • The writer Isaac Babel became famous in Russian literature in the 20s of the XX century and still remains a unique phenomenon in it. His novel-diary Cavalry is a collection of short stories about the civil war, united by the image of the author-narrator. Babel was a military correspondent for the Red Cavalry newspaper in the 1920s and took part in the Polish campaign of the First Cavalry Army. He kept a diary, wrote down the stories of the fighters, noticed and recorded everything. At that time, there was already a myth about the invincibility of the army […]
    • This traditional theme excited such poets as Horace, Byron, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin and others. A. S. Pushkin used the best achievements of world and Russian literature in his poetry. This was most clearly manifested in the theme of the purpose of the poet and poetry. This issue is touched upon in the first published poem, "To a Poetic Friend" (1814). The poet speaks of the sorrows that fall to the lot of poets, who ... are praised by everyone, nourished - only by magazines; The wheel of Fortune rolls past their Fortune ... Their life is a series of […]

    • Athanasius Fet


    * * *

    My unsound and stubborn verse
    In vain I want to express
    A rush of the soul, but with a rebellious sound
    Deceived, I fly to you with my soul.

    I believe that fiery faith
    A secret verse will awaken in your soul,
    What sadness involuntarily size
    She should sympathize for a moment.

    Yes, you will understand, you will understand - I know it -
    All that the soul has lived through, -
    After all, I'll always guess by feeling
    Your footprint is everywhere you've ever been.


    <<...>> Nothing brings people together like art, in general-poetry in the broadest sense of the word. Such intimate rapprochement is poetry in itself. People become sensitive and feel and understand that for a full explanation of which no words are enough.<<...>>

    A. A. Fet. "The Early Years of My Life".

    * * *

    Others inherited from nature
    Instinct prophetically blind -
    They smell them, hear the waters
    And in the dark depths of the earth ...

    Beloved by the Great Mother,
    A hundred times more enviable is your destiny -
    More than once under the visible shell
    You have seen her...

    F. I. Tyutchev.

    A poem dedicated to A. A. Fet


    <<...>> Yes-there are connections for life and death. For a minute of feminine participation of this masculinely noble, this proud soul, for a few rare evenings when we were both in the same mood - I thank Providence more, a thousand times more than in my whole life.

    He wanted to hide a tear from me, but I saw it.

    <<...>> If I saved him for life and art, he saved me even more, for the great faith in human soul . <<...>>

    A. A. Grigoriev.

    From the story "Leaves from the manuscript

    wandering sophist.

    * * *

    <<...>> He was fed up with everything he lived, everything he lived was disgusting to him.

    Meanwhile, he was in the full bloom of young forces, which developed in him freely and widely.

    He was good as a husband, but on his lips the charming, serpentine smile of a woman sometimes flickered. Minutes of such a smile were rare, but they did happen. And those were not moments of daydreaming, for daydreaming is the expectation of the best. Not! It was a terrible, incomprehensible, counterintuitive return of the original childhood dreams, pink radiance, with which God's world is surrounded for a barely awakened consciousness. It had the ability to put its self to sleep and, during sleep, throw a discarded shell over it.

    He had the ability to deceive himself, to renounce his I, transferred to objects.

    He was an artist in the full sense of the word: the ability to create was present in him to a high degree...<<...>>

    With the ability to create, indifference grew in him.

    Indifference - to everything except the ability to create - to God's world, how soon the objects of it ceased to be reflected in his creative ability, to himself, how soon he ceased to be an artist.

    This is how this man realized and accepted his purpose in life... The suffering subsided, subsided in him, although, of course, not suddenly.

    This man had to either kill himself or become what he became ... Wide needs were given to him by fate, but set in motion too early, they had to either stifle him with their fermentation, or fall asleep, as waves fall asleep, forming a flat and smooth surface in which everything around is reflected lightly and clearly.<<...>>

    I have not seen a man who would be so choked with melancholy, for whom I would be more afraid of suicide.

    I was afraid for him, I often spent my nights at his bedside, trying to dispel this terrible chaotic fermentation of the elements of his soul with anything.<<...>>

    He laughed cynically at my thirst for faith, convincing me that I was too smart to believe in anything.<<...>>

    But why does the heart ask for power of attorney, why does it eagerly strive to share every holy, beautiful impression? ..<<...>>

    Yes! This man is one of the few chosen ones of art - and I have an appointment next to him ...<<...>>

    A. A. Grigoriev. "Ophelia" .

    A. A. FET’S ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS OF THE “RECOGNITION ALBUM” OF L. N. TOLSTOY’S DAUGHTER TATYANA LVOVNA

    1. What is your main character trait? - Caring.

    2. What is your goal in life? - Usefulness.

    3. What is happiness? See the fruits of your efforts.

    4. What is the misfortune? - In indifference.

    7. What or who would you like to be? - Completely worthy of respect.

    8. Where would you like to live? – In a sympathetic circle.

    9. What nation would you like to belong to? - To none.

    10. What is your favorite activity? - Acquaintance with poets.

    11. What is your favorite treat? - Hunting.

    12. What is your main habit? - Scold stupidity and drink coffee.

    13. How long would you like to live? - Least long.

    14. What kind of death would you like to die? - Instant.

    15. What do you feel the most compassion for? - To undeserved torment.

    16. What virtue do you have the most respect for? - To patience.

    17. What vice do you treat with the greatest indulgence? “Stinginess is not stupidity.

    18. What do you value most in a man? - Mind.

    19. What do you value more in a woman? - Beauty.

    20. What is your opinion about today's young people? – That they are generally better educated than us.

    21. What is your opinion about today's young girls? - That they have little strength.

    22. Do you believe in love from the first meeting? - I believe Shakespeare (Romeo and Julia).

    23. Is it possible to love several times in life? - Of course.

    24. Have you been in love and how many times? - Twice.

    25. What is your opinion on the women's issue? - What is this idle nonsense.

    26. What is your opinion about marriage and married life? – That this is a natural burden that one must be able to bear.

    27. What age should one get married and get married? – From 29 to 50 and from 17 to 35.

    28. Which is better: to love or to be loved? One without the other is bad.

    29. To submit or to be submitted to you? - Without the first, the second is disgusting.

    30. Always suspect or often deceive? Both are stupid.

    31. Want and not get or have and lose? - First.

    32. What historical event causes you the most sympathy? - The abolition of the revolution by Napoleon I and the execution of Pugachev.

    33. What is your favorite writer (in prose)? - Gr. L. N. Tolstoy.

    The work of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820 - 1892) is one of the pinnacles of Russian poetry. Fet is a great poet, a poet of genius. Now in Russia there is no person who would not know Fet's poems. Well, at least “I came to you with greetings” or “Don’t wake her up at dawn…” At the same time, many do not have a real idea of ​​the scale of this poet. The idea of ​​Fet is distorted, starting even with the appearance. Someone maliciously constantly replicates those portraits of Fet that were made during his terminal illness, where his face is terribly distorted, swollen eyes - an old man in a state of agony. Meanwhile, Fet, as can be seen from the portraits made during his heyday, both human and poetic, was the most beautiful of Russian poets.

    The drama is connected with the secret of Fet's birth. In the autumn of 1820, his father, Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, took the wife of the official Karl Feth from Germany to his family estate. A month later, a child was born and was recorded as the son of A.N. Shenshin. The illegality of this record was discovered when the boy was 14 years old. He received the surname Fet and in the documents began to be called the son of a foreign citizen. A.A. Fet spent a lot of effort to return the name of Shenshin and the rights of a hereditary nobleman. Until now, the mystery of his birth has not been fully solved. If he is the son of Fet, then his father I. Fet was the great-uncle of the last Russian Empress.

    The life of Fet is also mysterious. They say about him that in life he was much more prosaic than in poetry. But this is due to the fact that he was a wonderful host. Wrote a small volume of articles on economics. From a devastated estate, he managed to create an exemplary farm with a magnificent stud farm. And even in Moscow on Plyushchikha, in his house there was a garden and a greenhouse, in January vegetables and fruits ripened, with which the poet liked to treat guests.

    In this regard, they like to talk about Fet as a prosaic person. But in fact, his origin is mysterious and romantic, and his death is mysterious: this death was, and was not, suicide. Fet, tormented by illness, finally decided to commit suicide. Sent his wife away, left a suicide note, grabbed a knife. The secretary prevented him from using it. And the poet died - died of shock.

    The biography of the poet is, first of all, his poems. Fet's poetry is multifaceted, its main genre is a lyrical poem. Of the classical genres, there are elegies, thoughts, ballads, messages. As an "original Fetov genre" one can consider "melodies" - poems that are a response to musical impressions.

    One of Fet's earliest and most popular poems is "I came to you with greetings":

    I came to you with greetings

    Tell that the sun has risen, that it is a hot light

    The sheets fluttered;

    Tell that the forest woke up

    All woke up, each branch,

    Startled by every bird

    And full of spring thirst ...

    The poem is written on the theme of love. The theme is old, eternal, and Fet's poems breathe freshness and novelty. It doesn't look like anything we know. For Fet, this is generally characteristic and corresponds to his conscious poetic attitudes. Fet wrote: "Poetry certainly requires novelty, and nothing is more deadly for it than repetition, and even more so of itself ... By novelty, I mean not new objects, but their new illumination with the magic lantern of art."

    The very beginning of the poem is unusual - unusual in comparison with the then accepted norm in poetry. In particular, Pushkin's norm, which required the utmost precision in the word and in the combination of words. Meanwhile, the initial phrase of Fetov's poem is not at all accurate and not even quite "correct": "I came to you with greetings, to tell you ...". Would Pushkin or any of the poets of Pushkin's time have allowed himself to say so? At that time, these lines were seen as poetic insolence. Fet was aware of the inaccuracy of his poetic word, its proximity to living, sometimes seeming not quite correct, but from that especially vivid and expressive speech. He called his poems jokingly (but not without pride) poems "in a disheveled kind." But what is the artistic meaning in the poetry of the "disheveled kind"?

    Inaccurate words and, as it were, sloppy, "disheveled" expressions in Fet's poems create not only unexpected, but also vivid, exciting images. One gets the impression that the poet does not seem to deliberately think about the words, they themselves came to him. He speaks in the very first, unintentional words. The poem is remarkably complete. This is an important virtue in poetry. Fet wrote: "The task of the lyricist is not in the harmony of the reproduction of objects, but in the harmony of tone." In this poem there is both harmony of objects and harmony of tone. Everything in the poem is internally connected with each other, everything is unidirectional, it is said in a single impulse of feeling, as if in one breath.

    Another early poem is the lyrical play "Whisper, timid breath ...":

    Whisper, timid breath,

    trill nightingale,

    Silver and flutter

    sleepy stream,

    Night light, night shadows,

    Shadows without end

    A series of magical changes

    Sweet face...

    The poem was written in the late 40s. It is built on one nominal sentence. Not a single verb. Only objects and phenomena that are named one after another: whisper - timid breathing - nightingale trills, etc.

    But for all that, a poem cannot be called objective and material. This is the most surprising and unexpected. Fet's objects are non-objective. They exist not by themselves, but as signs of feelings and states. They glow a little, flicker. Naming this or that thing, the poet evokes in the reader not a direct idea of ​​the thing itself, but those associations that can usually be associated with it. The main semantic field of the poem is between words, behind words.

    "Behind the words" the main theme of the poem develops: feelings of love. The feeling is subtle, inexpressible in words, inexpressibly strong, So no one has written about love before Fet.

    Fet liked the reality of life, and this was reflected in his poems. Nevertheless, Fet can hardly be called a realist, noticing how he gravitates in poetry to dreams, dreams, intuitive movements of the soul. Fet wrote about beauty spilled in all the diversity of reality. Aesthetic realism in Fet's poetry in the 1940s and 1950s was really directed towards the mundane and the most ordinary.

    The nature and tension of Fet's lyrical experience depend on the state of nature. The change of seasons occurs in a circle - from spring to spring. In the same kind of circle, the movement of feelings in Fet takes place: not from the past to the future, but from spring to spring, with its necessary, inevitable return. In the collection (1850) the cycle "Snow" is given the first place. Fet's winter cycle is multi-motive: he also sings about a sad birch tree in winter attire, about how "the night is bright, frost shines," and "frost drew patterns on double glass." Snowy plains attract the poet:

    wonderful picture,

    How are you related to me?

    white plain,

    Full moon,

    the light of the heavens above,

    And shining snow

    And distant sleigh

    Lonely run.

    Fet confesses his love for the winter landscape. Fet's poems are dominated by a radiant winter, in the prickly brilliance of the sun, in the diamonds of snowflakes and snow sparks, in the crystal of icicles, In the silvery fluff of frosty eyelashes. The associative series in this lyric does not go beyond nature itself, here is its own beauty, which does not need human spiritualization. Rather, it spiritualizes and enlightens the personality. It was Fet who, following Pushkin, sang the Russian winter, only he managed to reveal its aesthetic meaning in such a multifaceted way. Fet introduced the rural landscape, scenes of folk life into poetry, appeared in the poems "bearded grandfather", he "grunts and crosses himself", or a coachman on a daring troika.

    Feta has always attracted the poetic theme of evening and night. The poet early developed a special aesthetic attitude to the night, the onset of darkness. At a new stage of creativity, he already began to call entire collections "Evening Lights", in them, as it were, a special, Fetov's philosophy of the night.

    Fet's "night poetry" reveals a complex of associations: night - abyss - shadows - sleep - visions - secret, intimate - love - the unity of the "night soul" of a person with the night element. This image receives a philosophical deepening in his poems, a new second meaning; in the content of the poem, a second plan appears - symbolic. Philosophical and poetic perspective is given to him by the association "night-abyss". She begins to get closer to human life. The abyss is an air road - the path of a person's life.

    MAY NIGHT

    Retarded clouds are flying over us

    Last crowd.

    Their transparent segment melts gently

    At the crescent moon

    Mysterious power reigns in spring

    With stars on my forehead. -

    You gentle! You promised me happiness

    On a vain land.

    Where is happiness? Not here, in a miserable environment,

    And there it is - like smoke

    Follow him! after him! air way -

    And fly away to eternity.

    May night promises happiness, a person flies through life for happiness, the night is an abyss, a person flies into the abyss, into eternity. Further development of this association: night-existence of man-essence of being.

    Fet represents the night hours revealing the secrets of the universe. The night insight of the poet allows him to look "from time to eternity", he sees "the living altar of the universe."

    Tolstoy wrote to Fet: "A poem is one of those rare ones in which it is impossible to add, subtract or change words; it is alive and charming. It is so good that, it seems to me, this is not an accidental poem, but that this is the first jet of a long delayed stream ".

    The association night - abyss - human existence, developing in Fet's poetry, absorbs the ideas of Schopenhauer. However, the proximity of the poet Fet to the philosopher is very conditional and relative. The ideas of the world as a representation, of man as a contemplator of being, thoughts of intuitive insights, apparently, were close to Fet.

    The idea of ​​death is woven into the figurative association of Fet's poems about the night and human existence (the poem "Sleep and Death", written in 1858). Sleep is full of the bustle of the day, death is full of majestic peace. Fet gives preference to death, draws her image as the embodiment of a kind of beauty.

    In general, Fet's "night poetry" is deeply original. His night is beautiful no less than the day, maybe even more beautiful. Fetov's night is full of life, the poet feels "the breath of the immaculate night." Fetovskaya night gives a person happiness:

    What a night! Transparent air is bound;

    Fragrance swirls over the earth.

    Oh now I'm happy, I'm excited

    Oh, now I'm glad to speak! …

    Man merges with night existence, he is by no means alienated from it. He hopes and expects something from him. The association repeated in Fet's poems - night - and expectation and trembling, trembling:

    The birches are waiting. Their leaf is translucent

    Shyly beckons and amuses the gaze.

    They tremble. So maiden newlywed

    And her dress is joyful and alien ...

    Fet has a nocturnal nature and a person is full of expectations of the innermost, which is available to all living things only at night. Night, love, communication with the elemental life of the universe, the knowledge of happiness and higher truths in his poems, as a rule, are combined.

    Fet's work is the apotheosis of the night. For the Feta philosopher, the night is the basis of world existence, it is the source of life and the keeper of the secret of "double being", the relationship of man with the universe, she is the knot of all living and spiritual connections.

    Now it is impossible to call Fet only a poet of sensations. His contemplation of nature is filled with philosophical profundity, poetic insights are aimed at discovering the secrets of being.

    Poetry was the main business of Fet's life, a vocation to which he gave everything: soul, vigilance, sophistication of hearing, richness of imagination, depth of mind, skill of hard work and inspiration.

    In 1889, Strakhov wrote in the article "The Anniversary of Fet's Poetry": "He is the only poet of his kind, incomparable, giving us the purest and real poetic delight, true diamonds of poetry ... Fet is a true touchstone for the ability to understand poetry ...".

    The poetry of Afanasy Afanasievich Fet is imbued with the happiness of life, overflowing with the joy of love and enjoyment of nature. It is fundamentally important that it is extremely difficult to divide his poetry thematically.

    Fet was a supporter of "pure art", he argued that poetry should not depend on the requirements of society.

    In the history of Russian literature, this poet remained an unsurpassed master of the lyrical landscape, which necessarily reflects human feelings.

    Images and themes of Fet's lyrics

    Nature and landscape in the poet's work

    And blows, as then, in these sonorous sighs,

    That you are alone - all life, that you are alone - love.

    That there are no offenses and hearts of burning flour,

    And life has no end, and there is no other goal,

    As soon as you believe in sobbing sounds,

    Love you, hug and cry over you!

    Fet's poetry conveys the finest nuances of human relations in the halftones of nature. An example is the wonderful poem of the poet "Whisper, timid breathing ..."

    Whisper, timid breath,

    trill nightingale,

    Silver and flutter

    sleepy stream,

    Night light, night shadows,

    Shadows without end

    A series of magical changes

    sweet face,

    In smoky clouds purple roses,

    reflection of amber,

    And kisses, and tears,

    And dawn, dawn!

    Means and forms of poems

    The poet, using the structure of nominal sentences, creates an amazing verbless movement of time (from evening to morning),

    Changes in external manifestations and the internal state of lovers. And even the word “tears” in this poem is the joy of love and being.

    Fet's poem can be a small miniature, in which only external events are told, but at the same time, the poem speaks of deep inner experiences (about a girl waiting for a date).

    "the only one of its kind, having no equal in any literature." "He is much higher than his time, which does not know how to appreciate it,"

    We, living in the twentieth century, can only agree with him.

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