"Rail War" Operation Concert. Partisan Heroes. "Rail War" Operation Concert. Partisan Heroes See what "Operation Concert" is in other dictionaries
and Kalinin region
Operation goals achieved
Lua error in Module:Wikidata on line 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value).
Operation "Concert"- the code name of the operation of the Soviet partisans, carried out from September 19 to the end of October of the year, the continuation of Operation Rail War.
Geography of the operation
193 partisan formations (over 120 thousand people) from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions participated in the operation. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and over 400 kilometers in depth. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.
The purpose of the operation
Disabling large sections of railway tracks in order to disrupt enemy military transportation.
Operation preparation
Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission. Mass training of partisans in mine-subversive work was established. Due to deteriorating weather conditions, Soviet aviation delivered only 50 percent of the planned cargo to the partisans by September 19, so the start date of the operation was postponed to September 25.
Operation progress
Part of the partisan brigades reached their starting lines and, on the night of September 19, struck at the railway communications. The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25 . The fascist command made efforts to restore traffic by rail: new railway restoration battalions were transferred to Belarus, and the local population was driven to repair work. Rails and sleepers were delivered from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, but the partisans again disabled the repaired sections. The operation was abandoned due to lack of explosives.
Operation results
During the operation, about 150 thousand rails were blown up (out of 11 million that were in the occupied territory on January 1, 1943). Only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, 1041 echelons, blew up 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 garrisons. As a result of the actions of the partisans, the capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40 percent, which greatly hampered the regrouping of fascist troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Red Army.
As noted by the famous Soviet saboteur Ilya Starinov, switching the main efforts of the partisans to the destruction of rails with a lack of explosives (due to which the winter stage of the operation had to be canceled) led to a reduction in train wrecks and, as a result, contributed to an increase in road capacity, but made it difficult for the Red Army to restore them in the course of the offensive.
Write a review on the article "Operation Concert"
Notes
Literature
- "Concert" // / ed. M. M. Kozlova. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 367. - 500,000 copies.
- Rail war // Railway transport: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - S. 363. - ISBN 5-85270-115-7.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
An excerpt characterizing Operation "Concert"
- Please help me…And, although she did not open her mouth, I heard the words very clearly, they just sounded a little different, the sound was soft and rustling. And then I realized that she was talking to me in exactly the same way as I had heard before - the voice sounded only in my head (which, as I later found out, was telepathy).
“Help me…” it whispered softly again.
- How can I help you? I asked.
- You hear me, you can talk to her ... - the stranger answered.
- Who should I talk to? I asked.
“With my baby,” was the answer.
Her name was Veronica. And, as it turned out, this sad and such a beautiful woman died of cancer almost a year ago, when she was only thirty years old, and her little six-year-old daughter, who thought that her mother had left her, did not want to forgive her for this and is still very deeply suffered from it. Veronica's son was too small when she died and did not understand that his mother would never return again ... and that at night now other people's hands would always lay him down, and some stranger would sing his favorite lullaby to him ... But he was still too young and had no idea how much pain such a cruel loss could bring. But with his six-year-old sister, things were completely different ... That's why this sweet woman could not calm down and just leave while her little daughter suffered so unchildishly and deeply ...
– How can I find it? I asked.
"I'll take you," whispered the reply.
Only then did I suddenly notice that when she moved, her body easily seeped through furniture and other solid objects, as if it was woven from a dense fog ... I asked if it was difficult for her to be here? She said - yes, because it was high time for her to leave ... I also asked if it was scary to die? She said that it’s not scary to die, it’s more scary to watch those you leave behind, because there is so much more I want to tell them, but, unfortunately, nothing can be changed ... I felt very sorry for her, so sweet, but helpless, and so unfortunate... And I really wanted to help her, but, unfortunately, I didn't know how?
The next day, I calmly returned home from my girlfriend, with whom we usually played the piano together (since I didn’t have my own at that time). Suddenly, feeling some strange internal push, I, for no apparent reason, turned in the opposite direction and walked along a completely unfamiliar street ... I didn’t walk for long until I stopped at a very pleasant house, completely surrounded by a flower garden. There, inside the yard, on a small playground, sat a sad, completely tiny girl. She looked more like a miniature doll than a living child. Only this “doll” for some reason was infinitely sad... She sat completely still and looked indifferent to everything, as if at that moment the world around her simply did not exist.
“Her name is Alina,” a familiar voice whispered inside me, “please talk to her…
I went to the gate and tried to open it. The feeling was not pleasant - as if I forcibly broke into someone's life without asking permission. But then I thought about how unhappy poor Veronica must have been and decided to take a chance. The little girl looked up at me with her huge, sky-blue eyes, and I saw that they were filled with such a deep longing that this tiny child simply should not have had yet. I approached her very carefully, afraid to frighten her away, but the girl was not going to be frightened at all, she only looked at me with surprise, as if asking what I needed from her.
I sat next to her on the edge of the wooden partition and asked why she was so sad. She did not answer for a long time, and then finally whispered through her tears:
- My mother left me, but I love her so much ... Probably, I was very bad and now she will not return.
I got lost. And what could I tell her? How to explain? I felt that Veronica is with me. Her pain literally twisted me into a hard burning pain lump and burned so hard that it became hard to breathe. I so wanted to help both of them that I decided - come what may, but without trying, I will not leave. I hugged the girl by her fragile shoulders, and said as softly as possible:
Each new generation of Russian people will have their own point of view about the armed conflict that will remain in history and our memory as the Second World War (Great Patriotic War). Dates such as the beginning and end of this bloody and senselessly cruel war will never be erased from the memory of a Russian person. And one of the most important parts that fettered the victory of the fraternal peoples of the USSR over the Nazi invaders is the partisan movement.
In the territories occupied by the German troops, the Nazis established the so-called new order. And this new regime led to massive and brutal resistance of the indigenous people of the occupied territories. In all territories occupied by the enemy, guerrilla and sabotage warfare grew.
The struggle of partisan detachments and formations against those captured by the Nazi troops became an integral part of the Great Patriotic War. The actions of the partisans in the occupied territories oppressed the German troops morally and physically, they felt that they were in constant expectation of sabotage. And these sabotage was not a fictional, but a real danger, because of them the Germans had numerous casualties and a huge loss of military equipment.
There is a lot of evidence of the conduct of complex and dangerous operations with the participation of the Soviet army about the scale of the conduct of the guerrilla war. One of these operations was carried out from August to September 1943 on the lands of Ukraine and Belarus occupied by the enemy. The purpose of this operation was to destroy part of the railway communications. The operation received the secret name "Rail War". Leningrad, Smolensk, Orel partisans were involved in this operation.
The order to start Operation Rail War was signed by the Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement on June 14, 1943. All areas falling under the operation of the TsSHPD were divided between partisan groups. The reconnaissance of the partisans regularly monitored the objects on which sabotage was to be carried out. The "rail war" began from the second to the third of August and lasted almost until the end of September. Sabotage and sorties behind enemy lines unfolded throughout the entire territory of the operation, which is about one thousand eight hundred kilometers. Almost one hundred thousand people participated in the operation, with the mass support of local residents.
The sabotage strikes inflicted by partisans on railways, railway bridges and stations were unexpected for the Nazi troops. After committing acts of sabotage, the fascist invaders for a very long time could not recover and organize systematic and effective counter-partisan actions. During the operation "Rail War" a huge number of railway tracks (about two hundred and fifteen thousand rails), bridges were blown up, and echelons with equipment and personnel were derailed. Also, sabotage reduced the frequency of movement of echelons by almost forty percent, which greatly slowed down the movement of the Germans.
Operation "Concert" pursued similar goals and was, as it were, the second part of the operation "Rail War". It was necessary to destroy as many railway communications under the control of the Germans as possible in a short period of time, since a large-scale offensive of Soviet troops on the Dnieper was planned. More than one hundred and ninety-three partisan groups and sabotage detachments, and more than one hundred and twenty thousand people, were involved in it. Operation "Concert" was to begin on September 19 and last until November 1, 1943. But due to the fact that the weather conditions worsened, it was decided to postpone the start of the operation to September 25. And the Soviet aviation simply did not have time to transport all the explosives, but transported only half. However, part of the sabotage groups had already advanced to the points, and could not receive an order to postpone the start of the operation, and began sabotage from September 19th.
On the night of September 24-25, railway tracks and bridges were simultaneously blown up at a distance of nine hundred kilometers. During the sabotage operation, about one thousand trains were derailed, seventy bridges were blown up, and sixty outposts of the Germans were defeated. The operation had to be ended, due to the mistakes of the developers of the operation itself, since the partisan groups ran out of prepared explosives. The Nazi invaders spared no effort, continuously, in several shifts, carried out repair work, but still did not have time. You can also name one minus of the operation, this is that the railway itself was subjected to sabotage, which later also slowed down the offensive of the Soviet troops. It was much more effective to disable the enemy's echelons themselves.
The objectives of the operation "Concert" were similar to the objectives of the operation "Rail War", to reduce the speed of movement of enemy echelons, and this goal was achieved. The partisan formations flawlessly completed the task before them, and all the shortcomings remained on the conscience of the headquarters authorities. That rendered all possible assistance in the defeat of the Nazi invaders in Ukraine, Belarus, Karelia and Crimea.
This "concert" shown by the Russian partisan formations, the Nazi troops could not erase from their memory for a long time.
and Kalinin region
Operation goals achieved
| unknown | cm. |
Operation "Concert"- the code name of the operation of the Soviet partisans, carried out from September 19 to the end of October of the year, the continuation of Operation Rail War.
Geography of the operation
193 partisan formations (over 120 thousand people) from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions participated in the operation. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and over 400 kilometers in depth. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.
The purpose of the operation
Disabling large sections of railway tracks in order to disrupt enemy military transportation.
Operation preparation
Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission. Mass training of partisans in mine-subversive work was established. Due to deteriorating weather conditions, Soviet aviation delivered only 50 percent of the planned cargo to the partisans by September 19, so the start date of the operation was postponed to September 25.
Operation progress
Part of the partisan brigades reached their starting lines and, on the night of September 19, struck at the railway communications. The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25 . The fascist command made efforts to restore traffic by rail: new railway restoration battalions were transferred to Belarus, and the local population was driven to repair work. Rails and sleepers were delivered from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, but the partisans again disabled the repaired sections. The operation was abandoned due to lack of explosives.
Operation results
During the operation, about 150 thousand rails were blown up (out of 11 million that were in the occupied territory on January 1, 1943). Only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, 1041 echelons, blew up 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 garrisons. As a result of the actions of the partisans, the capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40 percent, which greatly hampered the regrouping of fascist troops and provided great assistance to the advancing Red Army.
As noted by the famous Soviet saboteur Ilya Starinov, switching the main efforts of the partisans to the destruction of rails with a lack of explosives (due to which the winter stage of the operation had to be canceled) led to a reduction in train wrecks and, as a result, contributed to an increase in road capacity, but made it difficult for the Red Army to restore them in the course of the offensive.
Write a review on the article "Operation Concert"
Notes
Literature
- "Concert" // / ed. M. M. Kozlova. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 367. - 500,000 copies.
- Rail war // Railway transport: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - S. 363. - ISBN 5-85270-115-7.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
An excerpt characterizing Operation "Concert"
And Natasha, spreading her big mouth and becoming completely ugly, roared like a child, not knowing the reason and only because Sonya was crying. Sonya wanted to raise her head, wanted to answer, but she could not and hid even more. Natasha was crying, sitting down on a blue featherbed and hugging her friend. Gathering her strength, Sonya got up, began to wipe her tears and tell.- Nikolenka is going in a week, his ... paper ... came out ... he told me himself ... Yes, I wouldn’t cry ... (she showed the paper she held in her hand: it was poetry written by Nikolai) I wouldn’t cry, but you won’t you can... no one can understand... what kind of soul he has.
And she began to cry again because his soul was so good.
“It’s good for you ... I don’t envy ... I love you, and Boris too,” she said, gathering her strength a little, “he’s cute ... there are no obstacles for you. And Nikolai is my cousin... it is necessary... the metropolitan himself... and that is impossible. And then, if my mother ... (Sonya considered the countess and called her mother), she will say that I spoil Nikolai's career, I have no heart, that I am ungrateful, but right ... by God ... (she crossed herself) I love her so much too , and all of you, only Vera is one ... For what? What did I do to her? I am so grateful to you that I would be glad to sacrifice everything, but I have nothing ...
Sonya could no longer speak and again hid her head in her hands and feather bed. Natasha began to calm down, but it was clear from her face that she understood the importance of her friend's grief.
– Sonya! she said suddenly, as if guessing the real reason for her cousin's grief. “Right, did Vera talk to you after dinner?” Yes?
- Yes, Nikolai himself wrote these poems, and I wrote off others; she found them on my table and said that she would show them to mamma, and also said that I was ungrateful, that mamma would never allow him to marry me, and he would marry Julie. You see how he is with her all day ... Natasha! For what?…
And again she wept bitterly. Natasha lifted her up, hugged her and, smiling through her tears, began to comfort her.
“Sonya, don’t trust her, darling, don’t. Do you remember how all three of us talked with Nikolenka in the sofa room; remember after dinner? After all, we have decided how it will be. I don’t remember how, but remember how everything was fine and everything is possible. Uncle Shinshin's brother is married to a cousin, and we are second cousins. And Boris said that it is very possible. You know, I told him everything. And he is so smart and so good,” said Natasha ... “You, Sonya, don’t cry, my dear, darling, Sonya. And she kissed her, laughing. - Faith is evil, God be with her! And everything will be fine, and she will not tell her mother; Nikolenka will tell himself, and he did not even think about Julie.
And she kissed her on the head. Sonya got up, and the kitten perked up, his eyes sparkled, and he seemed ready to wave his tail, jump on his soft paws and play with the ball again, as it was proper for him.
- You think? Right? By God? she said, quickly straightening her dress and hair.
- Right, by God! - answered Natasha, straightening her friend under a scythe a strand of coarse hair that had fallen out.
And they both laughed.
- Well, let's go sing "Key".
- Let's go to.
- And you know, this fat Pierre, who was sitting opposite me, is so funny! Natasha suddenly said, stopping. - I have a lot of fun!
And Natasha ran down the corridor.
Sonya, brushing off the fluff and hiding the poems in her bosom, to the neck with protruding breast bones, with light, cheerful steps, with a flushed face, ran after Natasha along the corridor to the sofa. At the request of the guests, the young people sang the "Key" quartet, which everyone liked very much; then Nikolai sang the song he had learned again.
On a pleasant night, by moonlight,
Imagine being happy
That there is someone else in the world
Who thinks about you too!
That she, with a beautiful hand,
Walking along the golden harp,
With its passionate harmony
Calling to itself, calling you!
Another day, two, and paradise will come ...
But ah! your friend will not live!
And he had not yet finished singing the last words, when in the hall the youth prepared for dancing and the musicians in the choirs clattered their feet and coughed.
The scope of the partisan movement is evidenced by a number of major operations carried out jointly with the troops of the Red Army. One of them was called "Rail War". It was carried out in August-September 1943 on the territory of the RSFSR, Belorussian and part of the Ukrainian SSR occupied by the enemy in order to disable the railway communications of the Nazi troops. This operation was connected with the plans of the Headquarters to complete the defeat of the Nazis on the Kursk Bulge, conduct the Smolensk operation and the offensive in order to liberate the Left-Bank Ukraine. The TsShPD also attracted Leningrad, Smolensk, and Oryol partisans to carry out the operation.
The order to conduct Operation Rail War was issued on June 14, 1943. The local partisan headquarters and their representatives at the fronts determined areas and objects of action for each partisan formation. The partisans were supplied with explosives and fuses from the mainland, reconnaissance was actively carried out on the enemy's railway communications. The operation began on the night of August 3 and continued until mid-September. The fighting behind enemy lines unfolded on the ground with a length of about 1000 km along the front and 750 km in depth, about 100 thousand partisans participated in them with the active support of the local population.
A powerful blow to the railways in the territory occupied by the enemy turned out to be a complete surprise for him. For a long time, the Nazis could not resist the partisans in an organized manner. During Operation Rail War, more than 215,000 railway rails were blown up, many echelons with personnel and military equipment of the Nazis were derailed, and railway bridges and station buildings were blown up. The capacity of the railways decreased by 35-40%, which frustrated the Nazis' plans for the accumulation of materiel and the concentration of troops, and seriously hampered the regrouping of enemy forces.
The same goals, but already during the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk, Gomel directions and the battle for the Dnieper, was subordinated to the partisan operation, code-named "Concert". It was carried out on September 19 - November 1, 1943 on the territory of Belarus occupied by the Nazis, Karelia, in the Leningrad and Kalinin regions, on the territory of Latvia, Estonia, Crimea, covering about 900 km along the front and over 400 km in depth.
It was a planned continuation of the operation "Rail War", it was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and during the battle for the Dnieper. 193 partisan detachments (groups) from Belarus, the Baltic States, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions (over 120 thousand people) were involved in the operation, which were supposed to undermine more than 272 thousand rails.
On the territory of Belarus, more than 90 thousand partisans participated in the operation; they were to blow up 140,000 rails. The Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement planned to throw 120 tons of explosives and other cargoes to the Belarusian partisans, 20 tons to the Kaliningrad and Leningrad partisans.
Due to the sharp deterioration in weather conditions, by the beginning of the operation, the partisans managed to transfer only about half of the planned amount of cargo, so it was decided to start mass sabotage on September 25. However, part of the detachments that had already reached their starting lines could not take into account the changes in the timing of the operation and on September 19 began to carry it out. On the night of September 25, simultaneous actions were carried out according to the plan of operation "Concert" on a front of about 900 km (excluding Karelia and the Crimea) and in a depth of more than 400 km.
The local headquarters of the partisan movement and their representations at the fronts determined areas and objects of action for each partisan formation. The guerrillas were provided with explosives, fuses, mine-blasting classes were held at the “forest courses”, local “factories” mined tol from captured shells and bombs, and fasteners of tol blocks to the rails were made in workshops and forges. Exploration was actively carried out on the railways. The operation began on the night of August 3 and continued until mid-September. The actions unfolded on the ground with a length of about 1000 km along the front and 750 km in depth, about 100 thousand partisans, who were helped by the local population, took part in them. A powerful blow to the railway. lines was unexpected for the enemy, who for some time could not resist the partisans in an organized manner. During the operation, about 215 thousand rails were blown up, many echelons were derailed, railway bridges and station buildings were blown up. The massive disruption of enemy communications made it much more difficult to regroup the retreating enemy troops, complicate their supply, and thereby contributed to the successful offensive of the Red Army.
The task of the operation "Concert" was to disable large sections of railway lines in order to disrupt enemy transportation. The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25, 1943. During the operation "Concert" only Belarusian partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, derailed 1041 enemy echelons, destroyed 72 railway bridges, defeated 58 garrisons of the invaders. Operation "Concert" caused serious difficulties in the transportation of Nazi troops. The capacity of railways has decreased by more than three times. This made it very difficult for the Hitlerite command to carry out the maneuver of its forces and provided enormous assistance to the advancing troops of the Red Army.
It is impossible to list here all the partisan heroes whose contribution to the victory over the enemy was so tangible in the general struggle of the Soviet people over the Nazi invaders. During the war, remarkable command partisan cadres grew up - S.A. Kovpak, A.F. Fedorov, A.N. Saburov, V.A. Begma, N.N. Popudrenko and many others. In terms of its scale, political and military results, the nationwide struggle of the Soviet people in the territories occupied by the Nazi troops has acquired the importance of an important military-political factor in the defeat of fascism. The selfless activity of partisans and underground workers received nationwide recognition and high praise from the state. More than 300 thousand partisans and underground workers were awarded orders and medals, including over 127 thousand - the medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War" 1st and 2nd degrees, 248 were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Partisan operation "Concert"
Partisans - people who voluntarily fight as part of the armed organized partisan forces in the territory occupied by the enemy - sabotage brigades behind enemy lines. Russian partisans terrified the invaders at all times. During the Great Patriotic War, the mass resistance of the population to the Nazis, the combat and sabotage actions of the partisans were of great importance: the partisans destroyed large Nazi garrisons, mined the rails and undermined the bridges and warehouses of the Nazis.
The year 1943 went down in the history of partisan struggle as the year of massive strikes against the railway communications of the Nazi troops.
The partisans actively participated in major operations on enemy communications - "Rail War" and "Concert".
"Concert" is the code name for the operation of the Soviet partisans in the fall of 1943.
193 partisan formations (brigades and detached detachments, in total over 120 thousand people) participated in the operation. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.
The task of the operation "Concert" was to put out of action large sections of the railway tracks in order to disrupt the enemy's military transportation.
193 partisan formations participated in the "Concert" - in total over 120 thousand people! The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement.
Each partisan formation received a specific combat mission, which included blowing up rails, organizing the collapse of enemy military echelons, destroying road structures, disabling communications, water supply systems, etc.
Detailed plans for combat operations were developed and mass training of partisans in the production of subversive work was organized.
Partisan formations in the fall of 1943 literally fell upon the enemy's railway communications.
The bulk of the partisan formations began hostilities on the night of September 25, defeating the enemy's guards and mastering the railway lines, they proceeded to massive destruction and mining of the railway track.
The command of the German troops, shocked by the scale of the partisan operation "Concert", made tremendous efforts to restore traffic on the railways.
The Nazis hastily transferred new railway reconstruction battalions from Germany and even from the front line, and the local population was driven to repair work. Rails and sleepers were delivered from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Germany, but the partisans again and again undermined the repaired sections.
During the operation "Concert" in only one Belarusian direction, the partisans blew up about 90 thousand rails, derailedmore than 1000 enemy echelons destroyed 72 railway bridges. All this caused a serious complication in the transport of Nazi troops.
