Who Invented the Globe? Who created the first globe? Who created the first earth globe
One of the greatest discoveries in geography is the invention of the globe, which makes it easier to remember the location of the oceans, seas, continents, islands, tropical forests, icy deserts, etc. Subsequently, this amazing subject was improved by numerous scientists around the world. It has its own ancient and rather fascinating history.
Who created the first globe? Around this invention, passions are still boiling.
What is a globe?
Globe is from the Latin word globus meaning ball.
This is an image of the map on the surface of the ball, preserving the similarity of the contours and the ratio of sizes (areas). There are geographic globes that display the surface of the Earth, the lunar surface, celestial globes, etc.
Before the concept of a spherical shape of the Earth appeared, the first celestial globes had already been created. These spherical images of the starry sky were already known in ancient Egypt.
The history of the globe
The first globe arose before our era (II century), and it was created by one inventor who was very fond of poetry. It was a learned philologist-philosopher named Krates Malossky. For days he could listen to the poem "Odyssey", and often after listening to it, he laid on the map all the routes that the main character walked. And at that time it was already known about the spherical shape of the earth, so he painted the ball.
Although this item corresponded to the level of knowledge of those times, it was a real globe. He was well appreciated by his contemporaries, but for several centuries, who was the author of the first globe was forgotten.
In 1492, another globe was created in Nuremberg (Germany) to visually depict the geographical discoveries of Portuguese sailors. Thus, the scientist Martin Beheim received the title of the first inventor of the globe.
That globe was called the "Earth Apple". It represented a ball made of metal, no larger than 50 cm in diameter. It should be noted that the continent America was still absent on it, due to its discovery by Columbus at a later time. Also, there were no latitudes and longitudes on the globe yet, but there were also tropics and meridians, and there was a short description of countries. Now the first globe (1492) is stored in the Nuremberg Museum.
From those ancient times to the present day, a large number of the most unique, even unexpected, globes have been created, which have stunning sizes, designs and materials. But two of these specimens cannot but be mentioned here: the largest and most unusual and oldest.
Who created the first globe - the largest in the world
The American company DeLorme has created a giant Eartha globe. This organization develops maps and GPS navigation systems.
The diameter of the globe is 12.6 meters, which is the height of a 4-storey building. Now this unique creation is located in the city of Yarmouth in America.
The giant globe consists of 792 map fragments, fastened together by hidden bolts on a large frame. The last element was built from 6,000 aluminum pipes. The peculiarity of this magnificent building is also that it is located in a glass building and is illuminated from the inside, which gives it an unusual look.
This masterpiece is included in the Guinness Book of Records.
American oldest globe
Scientists have established that it is made from ostrich egg halves glued together with shellac (a natural polymer). The card itself is carved into the shell.
But to the question of who created the first globe depicting America, one can answer that this is unknown. Why?
The huge ostrich egg globe is the first to depict America, and it has survived to this day. But it was not possible to establish the exact date and its creator, due to the absence of any signs and signatures on the subject.
Scientists have an assumption that this globe was created in the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci, as there are certain sketches characteristic of the works of the great artist. The continents signed in Latin, various animals, and even a man-sailor who was wrecked are depicted on this object.
Dr. Missine (philologist and map collector) believes that the find dates back to 1504.
sky globe
Who created the first celestial globe? Many versions exist. For example, in Naples there is a statue of Atlanta (marble), dated to the 3rd century BC. On his shoulders, the hero holds a sphere with the image of constellations. There is an opinion that he also has a prototype - the globe of Eudoxus of Cnidus (Greek astronomer).
However, the existing information about the existence of the Earth's globes in the ancient period is not entirely reliable. So, there are many more reasons to argue about this.
who created the first globe? and got the best answer
Answer from Ѝyvind Thunderstorm Fjords[guru]
Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin
(October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth apple" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for a globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Answer from Vyacheslav Gordeev[guru]
Organizer and founder of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA)
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The Golden Globe Award has been an American award given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association since 1944 for work in motion pictures and television. The Golden Globe Awards are presented each year in January, based on a vote by approximately 90 international journalists based in Hollywood.
Answer from [email protected]@ [email protected] stuFFFk@[newbie]
The first globe was made around 150 BC. BC e. Crates of Mallus.
Answer from N@wall@[guru]
When did the globe appear?
In the works of ancient writers, it is mentioned that a certain Crates of Malos, an ancient Greek philosopher, a follower of Aristotle and the keeper of the Pergamon Library, back in the 2nd century BC. e. made a model of the Earth in the form of a sphere.
Neither this model itself, nor any of its images have survived to this day, however, those who saw this globe said that "Crates painted a single land on the ball, dividing it into parts by intersecting rivers, which were called oceans ...". Therefore, the very first, at least the oldest of all surviving globes, is considered to be a spherical model of the Earth with a diameter of 54 cm, created by the German geographer, traveler and mathematician Martin Beheim in 1492, now in the museum of the city of Nuremberg.
On the "Earth Apple", this is how Behaim called his brainchild (globes, from the Latin globus - "ball", copies of the Earth began to be called later), geographical representations of the Earth's surface on the eve of the discovery of the New World, based on data taken from world maps the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy, who lived in the II century. Soon, globes, giving the most accurate cartographic representations and in great demand among scientists and sailors, began to appear in the palaces of monarchs, ministerial offices and simply in the fashion houses of Europe, becoming a symbol of enlightenment.
Especially popular were the Dutch globes made by the Amsterdam craftsmen Blau. They also created that model of the Earth, which was presented to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672, the first in Rus'. The most famous of all foreign models of the globe is the Gottorp globe with a diameter of 311 cm, made by the German scientist Adam Olschlegel in 1664, and donated to Peter I in 1713. Inside it contained a planetarium. Modern globes, on which, compared to the first ones, images of new lands discovered since then have appeared, have moved from the field of functional use mainly to the field of visual aids for schoolchildren.
Answer from Maria Nesterova[guru]
MARTIN BEHEIM
PETROVSKY GLOBE
Answer from Tanya Krasnoperova[newbie]
Globus (from Latin globus, "ball") - a three-dimensional model of the Earth or another planet, as well as a model of the celestial sphere (celestial globe). The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus.
Well, the globe in the form that we see was invented by Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin (October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth? I? Block" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for the globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Behaim's globe is a metal ball 507 mm in diameter, covered with a geographical map reflecting the knowledge of Europeans about the surrounding world at the end of the 15th century, including the discoveries of the Portuguese in West Africa. The map does not show latitude and longitude according to the modern method, but there is an equator, meridians, tropics and images of the signs of the zodiac. Geographical errors found on the map repeat the inaccuracies of Paolo Toscanelli's maps. Brief descriptions of various countries and images of their inhabitants are also presented. The map of the "Earth's apple" does not take into account the results of the voyage of Columbus, since he returned to Europe no earlier than March 1493, and the existence of America as a separate continent was proved by Amerigo Vespucci about 20 years later. America appears already on the next globe known to us, created by Martin Waldseemüller.
"The Earth's Apple" is a unique achievement of cartography of the late Middle Ages, both in terms of the accuracy of the maps and the clarity of the image. The globe quickly became one of the city's attractions and until the 16th century it was exhibited in the reception hall of the Nuremberg City Hall. Then it passed into the possession of the Beheim family, and since 1907 it has been on display at the German National Museum in Nuremberg.
Answer from Nikolai Knyazev[active]
Martin Beheim
Answer from Syaji[newbie]
Beheim
Answer from Lera Garf[newbie]
beheim
Answer from Mimi mimi[newbie]
Al-Biruni
Answer from Maria Mikhailenko[newbie]
We usually believe that this happened in 1492, and it was about the lands already known.
And the Greek Crates from Malos made a globe back in 150 BC. e. , and the matter affected not only the known lands, but also only the alleged ones.
PLATE WITH A DRAWING OF THE GLOBE OF CARTES.
The oldest globe is located in Nuremberg and is called "BEHEIM"
In honor of the geographer and creator of the world's first globe, Martin Beheim He created his own globe in 1492, when he was the chief navigator of Portugal.
MARTIN BEHEIM
He managed to reflect with his help geographical ideas about the surface of the Earth just on the eve of the discovery of the New World. Beheim was assisted in the work on the globe by the artist Georg Glockendon. The masters called their creation "Earth Apple". The word "globe" from the Latin "ball" appeared later. On a ball with a diameter of 54 cm, Behaim depicted the surface of the Earth in accordance with Ptolemy's maps. About the discoveries of Columbus, who went to look for India in the same 1492, Behaim did not yet know. True, information has been preserved that in the 2nd century BC. e. the model of the globe was built by the philosopher Crates Malossky, who was a student of the disciples of Aristotle. But the globe of Crates, if it existed, has not been preserved, and Martin Behaim's "Earth Apple", declared the oldest globe. Alas, the globe was used by scientists thousands of years before Behaim.
Celestial globes made of wood, stone and metal represented a picture of the starry sky. They served to astronomers to explain the location of the stars, and to astrologers - to interpret horoscopes. One of the companions of the god Apollo, Urania, the muse of astronomy, was portrayed by the Hellenes with a star globe and a pointer in her hands ...
In the IV century BC. e. Greek astronomers made a round model of the Earth with parallels and meridians. Images of the earth globe were minted on coins - for example, Demetrius I Poliorket, the Macedonian king who ruled in the 4th - 3rd centuries. BC e.
In 1672, a large globe was sent to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a gift by the Netherlands. .
The restoration of the Gottorp Globe Planetarium, which almost three centuries ago was the first exhibit of the Kunstkamera, has been completed at the Lomonosov Museum in St. Petersburg.
In the middle of the 17th century, in the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany), a planetarium globe with a diameter of over 3 meters was made. On the outer surface of the globe, a map of the Earth was plotted, and on the inner surface, the starry sky. The stars were depicted with gilded caps of copper nails. The ball had a fixed axis, on which a wooden round table and a bench for 12 people were fixed.
In 1713, during the Northern War, Peter the Great, while in the theater of operations in Holstein, received a planetarium globe as a gift. The globe became the first exhibit of the first Russian museum - the Kunstkamera.
PETROVSKY GLOBE
During the fire of 1747, it was badly damaged and was restored by masters Scott and Tiryutin. Later it was kept in a specially built room next to the Academy of Sciences, then in Tsarskoe Selo. During the Great Patriotic War, the globe was taken by the Germans to Germany. After the war, the exhibit was found in the German city of Lübeck and returned to Leningrad by sea via Murmansk. The globe was in a deplorable state.
The canvas, on which the earthly and heavenly maps were drawn, was torn in many places, the painting layer was damaged, holes from rifle shots were found. In the post-war period, the globe was restored twice. A comprehensive restoration of the globe was completed only this year.
Each of us at least once in our lives, in a store or in a school closet, has seen a globe. A globe, according to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, is “a visual aid - a rotating model of the globe or other spherical celestial body.”
More precisely, a globe is an image of a map applied to a spherical surface that repeats the approximate shape of the Earth, preserving the similarity of contours and areas.
The globe has been created since ancient times. Among ancient writers, one can find references to Crates of Mallus, who around 150 BC. ago created the "globe of the earth."
But still, the oldest of the globes that have come down to our times is the “earth apple”, which was created by Martin Beheim in 1492, a German geographer from Nuremberg. It is he who is considered the creator of the globe. Martin Beheim was a prominent German scientist in the 15th century.
His knowledge is in sea expeditions and with the great astronomers of that time. When working on the "apple", Martin used the materials of the famous traveler Mark Polo and the Portuguese, with whom he sailed along the coast of West Africa in 1484.
Subsequently, he received the position of court cartographer and astronomer in Lisbon, and it was to him that Christopher Columbus came for advice before his main discovery.
In 1490, while in his native city of Nuremberg, Martin met Georg Holtzschuer, a lover of travel and geographical science, a member of the city council.
Georg was inspired by Beheim's stories about his African expedition and persuaded him to create a globe that would display all the knowledge of that modern cartography. For those times it was a truly great discovery.
Work on the globe or "Earth apple", as the scientist himself called it, dragged on for four whole years. The parchment-covered metal ball was painted by a local artist from maps Behaim gave him.
The globe was marked with the borders of states and seas, as well as the coats of arms and flags of many countries, as well as elements of the starry sky, the equator, meridians, the south and north poles.
But of course, the accuracy of this globe cannot be judged, since it was based on ancient Greek knowledge of the world. Therefore, all the locations of land objects on it are very approximate. America is also not depicted on this globe, since when the globe was completed, Columbus had not yet returned from his journey.
Subsequently, the globes were transformed, changed, more and more new knowledge brought from sea expeditions, simple travels or studies of great scientists was added to the images on it. But it was Martin Beheim's globe that became the main prototype for modern globes.
And yet, the "Earth Apple" is a unique exhibit, a landmark of the Nuremberg German National Museum. That is where it is still kept.
The ship rushed into the distance, rapidly cutting through the heavy waves. The captain determined the position of the North Star, made some calculations, and then bent over the globe. The caravel had been in the ocean for many days, and only the star and this ball helped the crew to determine the position of the ship. In those days, without a globe, it was almost impossible not to go astray on the way to a distant overseas country. Therefore, he was on almost every ship that went on a long voyage. The globe also served as a map. And so it continued until the 18th century. Only later, when sailing directions and detailed nautical charts appeared, did the globe lose its great importance for sailors, but it was useful to schoolchildren.
Its meaning is very well described by S.I. Ozhegov in the dictionary: "A globe is a rotating model of the globe or other spherical celestial body." It is this model that most correctly reflects the appearance of our planet and the ratio of its parts.
Globes have been made since ancient times. In ancient writings there are references to Crates from Pergamon, who made the "earth globe" more than 2000 years ago. However, to our great regret, no fragments of these images have survived to this day. The oldest, of all surviving, is considered a globe with a diameter of 54 cm, which was created in 1492 by Martin Beyham from Nuremberg. The German geographer, working on the "earth apple", was guided by the materials of the Portuguese and the famous traveler Marco Polo. But on this globe there is no image of America, because at that time, it was not yet discovered.
After 150 years, globes have become quite popular. For example, in London, small orange-sized pocket globes were sold relatively cheaply. Moreover, on the inner parts of his hemispheres, a map of the heavenly bodies was depicted. Thus, this globe was a model of both the Earth and the starry sky at the same time.
Gradually, the design of the globe was complicated. So, in the 16th-18th century, they began to use a clock mechanism that rotates it around its axis, which made it possible to determine the time in any corner of the globe. Sometimes a model of the Moon moving around the globe was attached to it, i.e. this model also served as a calendar. It was very fashionable to own a globe, many monarchs of Europe always put very large richly decorated globes in their office.
Until now, an unusual rare globe with a diameter of 3 meters 19 centimeters is kept in St. Petersburg, which also serves as a planetarium. On its outer surface is a map of the Earth, and on the inside - a map of the starry sky.
The history of this globe is very interesting. In 1713, while traveling through the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (now the territory of Germany), Peter I visited Gottorp Castle. It was there that he saw a unique globe of enormous size, and there he was told that this globe was made under the clear guidance of the great geographer and traveler Adam Olearius. The emperor was so amazed by this curiosity that, as a token of gratitude for the military assistance he provided, the guardian of the underage duke presented it to him. So this globe came to St. Petersburg, and later was placed in the building of the Kunstkamera, after the opening of which in 1719, many people could see this amazing exhibit.
After 28 years, in 1747, a serious fire broke out in the museum, as a result of which many antiques were damaged, including this globe, from which only elements of a burnt metal structure remained. The Academy decided to hide the real size of the damage, so it was decided to "build" a similar ball on its own. Among several proposed projects, special attention was paid to the proposal of the famous mechanic-inventor Andrei Konstantinovich Nartov. And in 1748, Benjamin Scott, "master of compass cases", with his assistant F.N. Tiryutin began work on this project. They worked for 7 years. Contemporaries claimed that the result of their work "surpassed the art" of the previous globe. The map has been updated with data based on new geographical discoveries. The globe was reinforced with a metal axis, and inside it was placed a table and a large bench, which simultaneously accommodated 10-12 people. Since a map of the starry sky was depicted on the inner surface of the ball, people, being inside, could observe the movement of celestial forces, as in a planetarium.
One of the first very original globes in Russia was made by Karp Maksimov, a Pskov deacon, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This globe with a diameter of about 90 cm, apparently, was given to the Russian emperor as a gift, because until 1793 it was kept in the Kunstkamera museum in the “Cabinet of Peter the Great”. M.V. was very interested in making this ball. Lomonosov, who at that time was at the head of the Geographical Department of the Academy of Sciences.
The largest globe in the world is called a ball with a diameter of 10 meters with a length of the applied meridian of 40 m. It was made in 1899 specifically for the Paris Exhibition. It is notable for the fact that every millimeter of its surface exactly reflected every kilometer of the Earth's surface. Its weight was almost 10 tons. It rotated around its axis at a speed that actually corresponded to the speed of the planet's rotation. It not only marked the relief of the earth's crust, but also marked railways, sea routes, country borders, mineral deposits, even the routes of famous travelers were marked.
Smaller than this, then also a very large globe is kept in Denmark. It was originally a spherical natural gas tank. And 50 years ago, in order to attract tourists, one artist applied relief outlines and geographical symbols characteristic of our planet to its entire surface. The result is a huge globe.
A huge globe has also been created in our country. You can see it on the astronomical site of the capital's planetarium. This model with a diameter of 250 centimeters is made of durable materials specially developed for this purpose - polymers and fiberglass. To apply the drawings, paints were used that are not afraid of precipitation: the rivers are painted with blue colors, the seas are blue, and the valleys are green. On the roof of the building, located next to the astronomical platform, at a distance of 70 meters, a model of the Moon with a diameter of 70 cm was installed. These proportions were not chosen by chance: the result was an exact model Earth-Moon system, only 5 million times smaller than the real system.
Those who read the famous novel by the great writer Mikhail Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" will surely remember the globe that belonged to the "prince of darkness" Woland. This ball lived the life of the Earth. In the part where it was filled with blood, a war began on the planet at the same point. And looking closely, one could even see all the consequences of the battles - dead people and destroyed buildings. This globe, of course, is a fantasy of a brilliant author. But in reality they produce a wide variety of models of the globe. The most popular at present are political ones, which reflect the real territorial division of the world, as well as physical ones, which describe the physical and geographical state of the Earth. Very original - embossed globes with a convex surface in the form of molding.
These small balls, most likely, will serve people for a very long time, showing our planet in the form in which only astronauts can see it.
