The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (retold for children). Foreign literature abridged. All works of the school curriculum in a summary Robinson Crusoe Chapter 8 read a summary

Robinson Crusoe sees a ship close to the shore in the morning. He gets to the ship on a homemade raft and transports all the necessary food and items ashore. Then he climbs the hill and surveys the area from above; in the distance he sees two more islands. Robinson notices many birds on the island. He begins to arrange his home. Before the storm, he manages to transport a lot of things from the ship to the shore, making several trips on a raft. Robinson carefully prepares his home on a high place, from which the sea is clearly visible, and fences it off with a palisade.

Robinson saw the ship. He was surprised that the ship was not destroyed by the storm. He was very hungry and decided to transport the necessary things. There he saw food, gunpowder, things and tools. But he didn’t have a raft, it’s good that he had spare things for the ship. He began to build a raft and transport the necessary things. (Brief)

In the morning, Robinson Crusoe discovers that a storm has washed the ship closer to the shore. On the ship, the hero finds dry provisions and rum. He builds a raft from spare masts, on which he transports ship planks, food supplies (food and alcohol), clothing, carpenter's tools, weapons and gunpowder to the shore.

Having climbed to the top of the hill, Robinson Crusoe realizes that he is on an island. Nine miles to the west, he sees two more small islands and reefs. The island turns out to be uninhabited, inhabited by a large number of birds and devoid of danger in the form of wild animals.

In the first days, Robinson Crusoe transports things from the ship and builds a tent from sails and poles. He makes eleven trips: first picking up what he can lift, and then dismantling the ship into pieces. After the twelfth swim, during which Robinson takes away knives and money, a storm rises at sea, consuming the remains of the ship.

Robinson Crusoe chooses a place to build a house: on a smooth, shady clearing on the slope of a high hill, which overlooks the sea. The installed double tent is surrounded by a high palisade, which can only be overcome with the help of a ladder.

In the morning Robinson saw that their ship had washed closer to the shore. Using spare masts, topmasts and yards, the hero made a raft, on which he transported planks, chests, food supplies, a box of carpentry tools, weapons, gunpowder and other necessary things to the shore.

Returning to land, Robinson realized that he was on a desert island. He built himself a tent from sails and poles, surrounding it with empty boxes and chests for protection from wild animals. Every day Robinson swam to the ship, taking things that he might need. At first Crusoe wanted to throw away the money he found, but then, after thinking about it, he left it. After Robinson visited the ship for the twelfth time, a storm carried the ship out to sea.

Soon Crusoe found a convenient place to live - in a small smooth clearing on the slope of a high hill. Here the hero pitched a tent, surrounding it with a fence of high stakes, which could only be overcome with the help of a ladder.

Robinson was the third son in a middle-class family, he was spoiled and not prepared for any craft. Since childhood, he dreamed of sea voyages. The hero's brothers died, so the family doesn't want to hear about letting the last son go to sea. His father begs him to strive for a modest, dignified existence. It is abstinence that will protect a sane person from the evil vicissitudes of fate.

However, the young man still goes to sea.

Storms, sailor drinking bouts, the possibility of death and a happy rescue - all this is met with heroism and abundance already in the first weeks of the voyage. In London, he meets the captain of a ship heading to Guinea. The captain has developed friendly feelings towards his new acquaintance and invites him to be his “companion and friend.” The captain does not take money from his new friend and does not require work. But still, the hero learned some nautical knowledge and acquired physical labor skills.

Robinson later travels to Guinea on his own. The ship is captured by Turkish corsairs. Robinson turned from a merchant into a “pathetic slave” on a robber ship. One day the owner let his guard down and our hero managed to escape with the boy Xuri.

The fugitives' boat contains a supply of crackers and fresh water, tools, guns and gunpowder. They are eventually picked up by a Portuguese ship, which transports Robinson to Brazil. An interesting detail that speaks about the morals of that time: the “noble captain” buys a longboat and “faithful Xuri” from the hero. However, Robinson's savior promises in ten years - "if he accepts Christianity" - to return the boy's freedom.

In Brazil, the hero buys land for tobacco and sugar cane plantations. He works hard, and his plantation neighbors are willing to help him. But the thirst for wandering and the dream of wealth again call Robinson to the sea. By the standards of modern morality, the business started by Robinson and his plantation friends is inhumane: they decide to equip a ship in order to bring black slaves to Brazil. Slaves are needed on plantations!

The ship was caught in a fierce storm and was wrecked. Of the entire crew, only Robinson makes it to land. This is an island. Moreover, judging by the inspection from the top of the hill, it is uninhabited. Fearing wild animals, the hero spends the first night in a tree. In the morning, he is happy to discover that the tide has driven their ship close to the shore. Robinson swims to it, builds a raft and loads it with “everything necessary for life”: food supplies, clothing, carpentry tools, guns, shot and gunpowder, saws, an ax and a hammer.

The next morning, the involuntary hermit goes to the ship, hurrying to take what he can before the first storm breaks the ship into pieces. On the shore, a thrifty and smart merchant builds a tent, hides food supplies and gunpowder in it from the sun and rain, and finally makes a bed for himself.

As he foresaw, the storm wrecked the ship and he was unable to profit from anything else.

Robinson does not know how long he will have to spend on the island, but the first thing he did was set up a reliable and safe home. And definitely in a place where you can see the sea! After all, only from there can one expect salvation. Robinson pitches a tent on a wide ledge of a rock, fencing it with a palisade of strong, pointed trunks driven into the ground. He built a cellar in a hole in the rock. This work took many days. At the first thunderstorm, the prudent merchant pours gunpowder into separate bags and boxes and hides them in different places. At the same time, he calculates how much gunpowder he has: two hundred and forty pounds. Robinson constantly calculates everything.

The islander first hunts goats, then tames one goat - and soon he is engaged in cattle breeding, milking goats and even making cheese.

Randomly, grains of barley and rice spill out of the bag along with dust onto the ground. The islander thanks divine Providence and begins to sow the field. A few years later he is already harvesting. In the flat part of the island he finds melon and grapes. He learns to make raisins from grapes. Catches turtles, hunts hares.

The hero makes a notch on a large pillar every day. This is a calendar. Since there is ink and paper, Robinson keeps a diary in order to “at least somewhat ease my soul.” He describes in detail his activities and observations, trying to find not only despair in life, but also consolation. This diary is a kind of island scales of good and evil.

After a serious illness, Robinson begins to read the Holy Scriptures every day. His loneliness is shared by the rescued animals: dogs, a cat and a parrot.

My cherished dream remains to build a boat. What if you manage to get to the mainland? A stubborn man takes a long time to carve out a hollow pirogue from a huge tree. But he did not take into account that the pirogue is incredibly heavy! It is still not possible to launch it into the water. Robinson acquires new skills: he sculpts pots, weaves baskets, builds himself a fur suit: trousers, a jacket, a hat... And even an umbrella!

This is how he is depicted in traditional illustrations: overgrown with a beard, wearing homemade furry clothes and with a parrot on his shoulder.

In the end, they managed to make a boat with a sail and launch it into the water. It is useless for long journeys, but you can get around a rather large island by sea.

One day Robinson sees a bare foot print in the sand. He is scared and sits in the “fortress” for three days. What if they are cannibals, human eaters? Even if they don’t eat it, the savages can destroy the crops and disperse the herd.

Confirming his worst suspicions, having emerged from hiding, he sees the remains of a cannibal feast.

The islander is still worried. Once he managed to recapture a young savage from the cannibals. It was on Friday - that’s what Robinson called the rescued man. Friday turned out to be a capable student, a faithful servant and a good comrade. Robinson began to teach the savage, first of all teaching three words: “master” (meaning himself), “yes” and “no”. He teaches Friday to pray to “the true God, and not to “the old man Bunamooka who lives high on the mountain.”

The island, which had been deserted for many years, suddenly begins to be visited by people: they managed to recapture Friday’s father and the captive Spaniard from the savages. A team of rebels from an English ship brings the captain, mate and passenger to massacre. Robinson understands: this is a chance for salvation. He frees the captain and his comrades, and together they deal with the villains.

The two main conspirators are hanging on the yardarm, five more are left on the island. They are given provisions, tools and weapons.

Robinson's twenty-eight-year odyssey was completed: on June 11, 1686, he returned to England. His parents died long ago. Having gone to Lisbon, he learns that all these years his Brazilian plantation was managed by an official from the treasury. All income for this period was returned to the owner of the plantation. A rich traveler takes two nephews into his care, and designates the second as a sailor.

At sixty-one, Robinson marries. He has two sons and a daughter growing up.

6TH GRADE

DANIEL DEFOE

ROBINSON CRUSOE

Chapters one - two

From early childhood, Robinson Crusoe loved the sea most of all. But my parents didn't like it. They wanted their son to do the cramp business. And then he decided to run away from home. He and a friend boarded a ship that was heading to London.

On this journey, he had to see with his own eyes what a real storm at sea was like. Robinson even helped the sailors himself.

The comrade said that he had better return home. But Robinson did not listen to this advice.

Chapters three - four

One respected captain really liked the guy, and he took the young man on his ship. He talked to the guy and taught him science. However, the captain soon died, and Robinson went to sea on his own for the first time. Unfortunately, this trip was unsuccessful and Robinson was captured by pirates, where he remained for more than two years.

Together with the little boy Xuri, he went fishing, but did not return. The fugitives landed on the shore. For some time they were in the wild, eating what they could get, until they were picked up by a ship bound for Brazil.

Chapters five - six

Robinson lived in Brazil for four years and became a successful planter. And one day I decided to travel to Guinea for golden sand and ivory. This trip ended in an accident near an unknown island.

Only Robinson Crusoe escaped. Realizing this, he took the most necessary things from the ship and built himself a home: a cave surrounded by walls.

There were no people or known animals on the island. There were many birds, but they were also unknown to Robinson.

Chapters seven - eleven

Robinson learned that strange goats live on the island. He began to hunt them. In order to know how much time has passed and what month lasts, Robinson began keeping a calendar.

He also wrote down in a diary everything that happened to him, both bad and good. These notes gave him optimism.

Robinson had to survive an earthquake and a serious illness. But he was alive, and therefore did not lose hope.

While exploring the island, Robinson learned that the other part was richer in animals and birds, but did not move from his place. However, in addition to the cave on the shore, he built himself a dacha in the forest.

Chapters twelve - fourteen

Robinson found grain and began growing barley and rice. Soon he had entire plantations. Subsequently, he learned to bake bread, make dishes from clay, and sew clothes from the skin of killed animals.

He fortified his home. Now one could feel calm during long periods of heavy rain.

He had a dog and cats that he took from the ship, and a parrot that he taught to talk.

Chapter fifteen - seventeen

Several times Robinson tried to build a boat to get to the mainland, which he saw from the other side of the island. However, he had to be content with a small shuttle, on which he explored the shores of the island.

On one of these trips, he almost died when he fell into a wheatgrass.

A few years later, Robinson managed to tame goats - now he always had his own milk and meat.

Chapters Eighteen - Twenty

More than twenty years have passed. While exploring his island, Robinson learned that there were cannibals on it who had noisy meals, leaving a lot of human bones and leftover meat. This worried him and forced him to strengthen his home even more. A whole forest has now grown around the cave. And the housing itself was surrounded by double walls.

One day Robinson noticed a ship wrecked at sea. He waited for at least someone to escape and get to the island. But that did not happen.

Chapter twenty one - twenty four

The savages appeared again. They brought with them several prisoners whom they intended to eat. Robinson saved one of them and kept him. He gave him the name Friday and taught the savage the Pi language some skills. They became very attached to each other. Now Robinson had a devoted friend and assistant.

They built a boat and prepared to sail. But it had to be postponed, because the savages again appeared with prisoners, among whom were the Spaniard and Friday's father. Robinson saved the prisoners and helped them regain their strength. The Spaniard said that he was from a ship that had been wrecked. He asked Robinson for permission to let his comrades also settle on the island and help with the farm. Robinson Crusoe agreed.

Chapter twenty-five - twenty-seven

One day a ship with Englishmen arrived at the shore. These were robbers. They started a riot on the ship and captured the captain and his assistant. Robinson and his comrades freed the prisoners. They told Robinson that two scoundrels had led the entire team to commit robbery. Robinson and his comrades helped the captain and his friends defeat the criminals.

And there were still twenty-six people on the ship involved in the riot. The friends decided to get on the ship. But first the pirates had to be convinced or defeated. With the help of Robinson and his friends, the captain persuaded the sailors to show themselves.

Chapter twenty-eight

Those team members who sincerely repented formed a new team. Others were defeated. Finally Robinson went home.

After his return, he told his sisters for a long time about his adventures. The relatives were very happy about the return of Robinson Crusoe, whom everyone had already considered dead.

When an almost sixty-year-old famous journalist and publicist Daniel Defoe(1660-1731) wrote in 1719 "Robinson Crusoe", he least of all thought that an innovative work was coming out of his pen, the first novel in the literature of the Enlightenment. He did not imagine that descendants would prefer this text out of the 375 works already published under his signature and earning him the honorary name of “the father of English journalism.” Literary historians believe that in fact he wrote much more, but it is not easy to identify his works, published under different pseudonyms, in the wide flow of the English press at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. At the time of writing the novel, Defoe had a huge life experience behind him: he came from the lower class, in his youth he was a participant in the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, escaped execution, traveled around Europe and spoke six languages, knew the smiles and betrayals of Fortune. His values ​​- wealth, prosperity, man's personal responsibility before God and himself - are typically Puritan, bourgeois values, and Defoe's biography is a colorful, eventful biography of a bourgeois from the era of primitive accumulation. All his life he started various enterprises and said about himself: “Thirteen times I became rich and poor again.” Political and literary activity led him to civil execution in the pillory. For one of the magazines, Defoe wrote a fake autobiography of Robinson Crusoe, the authenticity of which his readers were supposed to believe (and did).

The plot of the novel is based on a true story told by Captain Woods Rogers in an account of his voyage that Defoe may have read in the press. Captain Rogers told how his sailors rescued a man from an uninhabited island in the Atlantic Ocean who had spent four years and five months there alone. Alexander Selkirk, a mate on an English ship with a violent temper, quarreled with his captain and was landed on the island with a gun, gunpowder, a supply of tobacco and a Bible. When Rogers' sailors found him, he was dressed in goatskins and "looked wilder than the horned original wearers of that apparel." He forgot how to speak, on the way to England he hid crackers in secluded places on the ship, and it took time for him to return to a civilized state.

Unlike the real prototype, Defoe's Crusoe did not lose his humanity during his twenty-eight years on a desert island. The narrative of Robinson's deeds and days is permeated with enthusiasm and optimism, the book radiates an unfading charm. Today, Robinson Crusoe is read primarily by children and teenagers as an exciting adventure story, but the novel poses problems that should be discussed in terms of cultural history and literature.

The main character of the novel, Robinson, an exemplary English entrepreneur who embodies the ideology of the emerging bourgeoisie, grows in the novel to a monumental image of the creative, constructive abilities of man, and at the same time his portrait is historically completely specific.

Robinson, the son of a merchant from York, dreams of the sea from a young age. On the one hand, there is nothing exceptional in this - England at that time was the leading maritime power in the world, English sailors sailed all the oceans, the sailor profession was the most common and was considered honorable. On the other hand, it is not the romance of sea travel that draws Robinson to the sea; he does not even try to join the ship as a sailor and study maritime affairs, but in all his voyages he prefers the role of a passenger paying fare; Robinson trusts the traveler's unfaithful fate for a more prosaic reason: he is attracted by "a rash idea to make a fortune for himself by scouring the world." In fact, outside of Europe it was easy to get rich quickly with some luck, and Robinson runs away from home, neglecting his father's admonitions. Robinson's father's speech at the beginning of the novel is a hymn to bourgeois virtues, the “middle state”:

Those who leave their homeland in pursuit of adventure, he said, are either those who have nothing to lose, or ambitious people eager to occupy a higher position; by embarking on enterprises that go beyond the framework of everyday life, they strive to improve matters and cover their name with glory; but such things are either beyond my power or humiliating for me; my place is the middle, that is, what can be called the highest level of modest existence, which, as he was convinced from many years of experience, is for us the best in the world, the most suitable for human happiness, freed from both need and deprivation, physical labor and suffering , falling to the lot of the lower classes, and from luxury, ambition, arrogance and envy of the upper classes. How pleasant such a life is, he said, I can judge by the fact that everyone placed in other conditions envy him: even kings often complain about the bitter fate of people born for great deeds, and regret that fate did not place them between two extremes - insignificance and greatness, and the sage speaks out in favor of the middle as the measure of true happiness, when he prays to heaven not to send him either poverty or wealth.

However, young Robinson does not heed the voice of prudence, goes to sea, and his first merchant enterprise - an expedition to Guinea - brings him three hundred pounds (characteristically, how accurately he always names sums of money in the story); this luck turns his head and completes his “death.” Therefore, Robinson views everything that happens to him in the future as a punishment for filial insubordination, for not listening to “the sober arguments of the best part of his being” - reason. And he ends up on an uninhabited island at the mouth of the Orinoco, succumbing to the temptation to “get rich sooner than circumstances allowed”: he undertakes to deliver slaves from Africa for Brazilian plantations, which will increase his fortune to three to four thousand pounds sterling. During this voyage, he ends up on a desert island after a shipwreck.

And here the central part of the novel begins, an unprecedented experiment begins, which the author carries out on his hero. Robinson is a small atom of the bourgeois world, who does not imagine himself outside this world and treats everything in the world as a means to achieve his goal, who has already traveled across three continents, purposefully walking his path to wealth.

He finds himself artificially torn out of society, placed in solitude, brought face to face with nature. In the “laboratory” conditions of a tropical uninhabited island, an experiment is being conducted on a person: how will a person torn from civilization behave, individually faced with the eternal, core problem of humanity - how to survive, how to interact with nature? And Crusoe follows the path of humanity as a whole: he begins to work, so that work becomes the main theme of the novel.

For the first time in the history of literature, an educational novel pays tribute to work. In the history of civilization, work was usually perceived as punishment, as evil: according to the Bible, God imposed the need to work on all the descendants of Adam and Eve as punishment for original sin. In Defoe, work appears not only as the real main content of human life, not only as a means of obtaining what is necessary. Puritan moralists were the first to talk about work as a worthy, great occupation, and in Defoe’s novel work is not poeticized. When Robinson ends up on a desert island, he doesn’t really know how to do anything, and only little by little, through failure, he learns to grow bread, weave baskets, make his own tools, clay pots, clothes, an umbrella, a boat, raise goats, etc. It has long been noted that Robinson is more difficult in those crafts with which his creator was well acquainted: for example, Defoe at one time owned a tile factory, so Robinson’s attempts to fashion and burn pots are described in great detail. Robinson himself is aware of the saving role of labor:

“Even when I realized the full horror of my situation - all the hopelessness of my loneliness, my complete isolation from people, without a glimmer of hope for deliverance - even then, as soon as the opportunity opened up to stay alive, not to die of hunger, all my grief seemed like a hand lifted: I calmed down, began to work to satisfy my immediate needs and to preserve my life, and if I lamented my fate, then least of all I saw in it heavenly punishment...”

However, in the conditions of the author’s experiment on human survival, there is one concession: Robinson quickly “opens up the opportunity not to die of hunger, to stay alive.” It cannot be said that all of its ties with civilization have been cut off. First, civilization operates in his skills, in his memory, in his life position; secondly, from a plot point of view, civilization sends its fruits to Robinson in a surprisingly timely manner. He would hardly have survived if he had not immediately evacuated from the wrecked ship all food supplies and tools (guns and gunpowder, knives, axes, nails and a screwdriver, a sharpener, a crowbar), ropes and sails, bed and clothes. However, civilization is represented on the Island of Despair only by its technical achievements, and social contradictions do not exist for the isolated, lonely hero. It is from loneliness that he suffers most, and the appearance of the savage Friday on the island is a relief.

As already mentioned, Robinson embodies the psychology of the bourgeois: it seems completely natural to him to appropriate for himself everything and everyone for which no European has the legal right of ownership. Robinson's favorite pronoun is “mine,” and he immediately makes Friday his servant: “I taught him to pronounce the word “master” and made him understand that this is my name.” Robinson does not ask himself whether he has the right to appropriate Friday for himself, to sell his friend in captivity, the boy Xuri, or to trade in slaves. Other people are of interest to Robinson insofar as they are partners or the subject of his transactions, trading operations, and Robinson does not expect any other attitude towards himself. In Defoe's novel, the world of people, depicted in the narrative of Robinson's life before his ill-fated expedition, is in a state of Brownian motion, and the stronger its contrast with the bright, transparent world of the uninhabited island.

So, Robinson Crusoe is a new image in the gallery of great individualists, and he differs from his Renaissance predecessors in the absence of extremes, in that he completely belongs to the real world. No one would call Crusoe a dreamer, like Don Quixote, or an intellectual, a philosopher, like Hamlet. His sphere is practical action, management, trade, that is, he does the same thing as the majority of humanity. His egoism is natural and natural, he is aimed at a typically bourgeois ideal - wealth. The secret of the charm of this image lies in the very exceptional conditions of the educational experiment that the author performed on him. For Defoe and his first readers, the interest of the novel lay precisely in the uniqueness of the hero’s situation, and a detailed description of his everyday life, his daily work was justified only by the thousand-mile distance from England.

Robinson's psychology is fully consistent with the simple and artless style of the novel. Its main property is credibility, complete persuasiveness. The illusion of authenticity of what is happening is achieved by Defoe by using so many small details that, it seems, no one would undertake to invent. Having taken an initially incredible situation, Defoe then develops it, strictly observing the boundaries of plausibility.

The success of "Robinson Crusoe" among the reader was such that four months later Defoe wrote "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe", and in 1720 he published the third part of the novel - "Serious Reflections During Life and the Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe." Over the course of the 18th century, about fifty more “new Robinsons” saw the light of day in various literatures, in which Defoe’s idea gradually turned out to be completely inverted. In Defoe, the hero strives not to go wild, not to unify himself, to tear the savage out of “simplicity” and nature - his followers have new Robinsons, who, under the influence of the ideas of the late Enlightenment, live one life with nature and are happy with the break with an emphatically vicious society. This meaning was put into Defoe’s novel by the first passionate denouncer of the vices of civilization, Jean-Jacques Rousseau; for Defoe, separation from society was a return to the past of humanity; for Rousseau, it becomes an abstract example of the formation of man, an ideal of the future.

Everyone knows Daniel Defoe's novel about Robinson Crusoe. Even those who haven't read it remember the story of a young sailor who ends up on a desert island after a shipwreck. He has lived there for twenty-eight years.

Everyone knows such a writer as Daniel Defoe. "Robinson Crusoe", a brief summary of which makes us once again convinced of his genius, is his most famous work.

For more than two hundred years, people have been reading novels. There are a lot of parodies of it and sequels. Economists build models of human existence based on this novel. What makes this book so popular? The story of Robinson will help answer this question.

Summary of "Robinson Crusoe" for a reader's diary

Robinson was the third son of his parents; he was not prepared for any profession. He always dreamed of the sea and travel. His older brother fought with the Spaniards and died. The middle brother has gone missing. Therefore, the parents did not want to let their youngest son go to sea.

The father tearfully asked Robinson to simply exist modestly. But these requests only temporarily pacified the 18-year-old guy. The son tries to gain the support of his mother, but this venture is unsuccessful. For another year he tries to ask his parents for time off, until in September 1651 he sails to London because of free passage (the captain was the father of his friend).

Robinson's sea adventures

Already on the first day a storm broke out at sea, Robinson repented in his soul for his disobedience. But this state was dispelled by drinking. A week later an even more severe storm arrived. The ship sank and the sailors were picked up by a boat from a neighboring ship. On the shore, Robinson wants to return to his parents, but “evil fate” keeps him on his chosen path. A summary of “Robinson Crusoe” for a reader’s diary shows what a difficult fate Robinson had to face.

In London, the hero met the captain of a ship going to Guinea, and is going to sail with him; he becomes the captain's friend. Robinson very soon regrets that he did not become a sailor, so he would have learned to be a sailor. But he gains some knowledge: the captain enjoys studying with Robinson, trying to pass the time. When the ship returns to die, Robinson himself sails to Guinea. This expedition turns out to be unsuccessful: their ship is captured by Turkish pirates, and our hero turns into a slave of the Turkish captain. He makes Robinson do all the housework, but doesn’t take him to sea. In this part of the novel “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” a brief summary of which describes the entire life of the main character, shows the determination and leadership of a man.

The owner sent the captive to fish, and one day, when they were at a great distance from the shore, Robinson persuaded the boy Xuri to escape. He prepared for this in advance, so the boat had crackers and fresh water, tools and weapons. On the road, the fugitives hunt for livestock; peaceful natives give them water and food. They are later picked up by a ship from Portugal. The captain promises to take Robinson to Brazil for free. He buys their boat and the boy Xuri, promising to return his freedom in a few years. Robinson agrees with this. The summary of “Robinson Crusoe” for the reader’s diary will further tell about the hero’s life in Brazil.

Life in Brazil

In Brazil, Robinson receives their citizenship and works on his own tobacco and sugar cane plantations. Neighbors on the plantations help him. Plantations needed workers, and slaves were expensive. After listening to Robinson's stories about his trips to Guinea, the planters decide to bring slaves to Brazil secretly on a ship and divide them among themselves. Robinson is offered to be a ship's clerk, responsible for the purchase of blacks in Guinea. “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”, a summary of this work further reveals the recklessness of the main character.

He agrees and sails from Brazil on September 1, 1659, 8 years after leaving his parental home. During the second week of the voyage, a severe storm began to buffet the ship. He runs aground, and the crew on the boat surrenders to fate. A large shaft overturns the boat and the miraculously saved Robinson ends up on land. A summary of "Robinson Crusoe" for the reader's diary further tells about Robinson's new home.

Miraculous Rescue - Desert Island

He alone is saved and grieves for his dead friends. The first night Robinson sleeps in a tree, afraid of wild animals. On the second day, the hero took many useful things from the ship (which washed closer to the shore) - weapons, nails, a screwdriver, a sharpener, pillows. On the shore he sets up a tent, carries food and gunpowder into it and makes a bed for himself. In total, he was on the ship 12 times, and always took something valuable from there - gear, crackers, rum, flour. The last time he saw a pile of gold and thought that in his condition they were not at all important, but he took them with him anyway. The novel “The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”, a brief summary of its further parts will tell about the further

That night the storm left nothing of the ship. Now Robinson was awaiting the construction of a safe home overlooking the sea, from where he could wait for rescue.

On the hill he finds a flat clearing and pitches a tent on it, enclosing it with a fence of trunks driven into the ground. You could enter this house via a ladder. He built a cave in the rock and used it as a cellar. All the work took him a lot of time. But he quickly gained experience. Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", a summary of this novel further talks about Robinson's adaptation to a new life.

Adaptation to a new life

Now he was faced with the task of surviving. But Robinson was alone, he was confronted by a world that did not know about his condition - the sea, the rains, a wild deserted island. To do this, he will have to master many professions and interact with the environment. He took note of everything and learned. He learned to domesticate goats and make cheese. In addition to cattle breeding, Robinson took up farming when the grains of barley and rice, which he shook out of a bag, sprouted. The hero sowed a large field. Next, Robinson created a calendar in the form of a large pillar, on which he put a notch every day.

The first date on the pillar is September 30, 1659. From this moment on, his every day is taken into account, and the reader learns a lot. During Robinson's absence, the monarchy was restored in England, and Robinson returns to the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, which brought William of Orange to the throne.

Robinson Crusoe's Diary, summary: continuation of the story

Among the not very necessary things that Robinson grabbed from the ship were ink, paper, three Bibles. When his life improved (three cats and a dog from the ship still lived with him, then a parrot appeared), he started a diary to ease his soul . In his diary, Robinson describes all his affairs, observations regarding the harvest and weather.

The earthquake forces Robinson to think about new housing, since it is dangerous to stay under the mountain. The remains of a ship after a wreck float to the island, and Robinson finds tools and material for construction on it. The fever knocks him down, and he reads the Bible and heals himself as best he can. Rum infused with tobacco helps him recover.

When Robinson recovered, he explored the island, where he had been living for about ten months. Among the unknown plants, Robinson finds melon and grapes, and then makes raisins from the latter. There is also a lot of wildlife on the island: foxes, hares, turtles, and penguins. Robinson considers himself the owner of these beauties, because no one else lives here. He puts up a hut, strengthens it and lives there as if in a dacha.

Robinson works for two or three years without straightening his back. He writes all this down in his diary. This is how he recorded one of his days. In short, the day consisted of Robinson reading the Bible, hunting, then sorting, drying and cooking the caught game.

Robinson tended crops, harvested crops, looked after livestock, and made garden tools. All these activities took a lot of energy and time from him. With patience, he brought everything to completion. I even baked bread without an oven, without salt or yeast.

Building a boat and walking in the sea

Robinson did not stop dreaming of a boat and a trip to the mainland. He just wanted to escape from captivity. Robinson cuts down a large tree and carves a small ship out of it. But he never manages to get it into the water (since it was far in the forest). He endures failure with patience.

Robinson spends his leisure time updating his wardrobe: he sews himself a fur suit (jacket and trousers), a hat and makes an umbrella. Five years later, Robinson builds a boat and launches it into the water. Having got out to sea, he circles around the island. The current carries the boat into the open sea, and Robinson returns to the island with great difficulty. This is how Robinson Crusoe describes his adventures. The summary of this novel shows the loneliness of the hero and his hope for salvation.

Traces of savages in the sand

Because of fear, Robinson does not go to sea for a long time. He masters pottery, weaves baskets and makes a pipe. There is a lot of tobacco on the island. On one of his walks, a man sees a footprint in the sand. He gets very scared, returns home and doesn’t leave there for three days, wondering whose trail it is. The hero is afraid that these might be savages from the mainland. Robinson thinks that they can ruin the crops, disperse the livestock, and eat them themselves. When he leaves the “fortress”, he makes a new pen for the goats. The man again discovers traces of people and the remains of a cannibal feast. The guests were back on the island. For two years Robinson remains on one part of the island in his home. But then life returns to normal. A brief summary (“Robinson Crusoe”) will tell you about this in the next part of the article. Daniel Defoe describes all the hero's affairs in small details.

Rescue of Friday - a savage from nearby lands

One night a man hears a cannon shot - the ship gives a signal. Robinson burns a fire all night, and in the morning he sees fragments of the ship. Out of melancholy and loneliness, he prays that someone from the crew will be saved, but only the cabin boy’s corpse is carried ashore. There were no living people left on the ship. Robinson still wants to get to the mainland and wants to take some savage to help. For a year and a half he comes up with plans, but Robinson is frightened by cannibals. One time he manages to meet a savage whom he saves. He becomes his friend.

Robinson's life becomes more enjoyable. He teaches Friday (as he called the rescued savage) to eat broth and wear clothes. Friday turned out to be a good and loyal friend. This is stated in the novel “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”, a summary of which can be read in one breath.

Rescue from imprisonment and return to England

Guests will soon arrive on the island. A team of rebels on an English ship brings the captain, mate and passenger to massacre. Robinson frees the captain and his friends, and they pacify the riot. The only desire that Robinson voices to the captain is to deliver him and Friday to England. Robinson stayed on the island for 28 years and returned to England on June 11, 1686. His parents had long been dead, but the widow of his first captain was still alive. He learns that an official from the treasury took over his plantation, but all the income is returned to him. A man helps his two nephews, preparing them to become sailors. At 61, Robinson marries and has three children. This is how this amazing story ends.