Conjoined and separate adverbs. Handbook of the Russian language. Examples of negative adverbs

Continuous writing

· If the word is formed from a phrase, the conjunction I cannot be placed between the parts: railway, agricultural.

· If one of the parts cannot be used separately: later ripe, coming soon estrus.

· The word is formed from a noun that is written together: forest-steppe - forest-steppe

· Terms and book expressions: small-scale, finely ground, the above

· A word containing the numeral: thirty-seven years old.

· If a word is formed from syntactically equal words, the conjunction I can be placed between them: newspaper-magazine, meat-dairy.

· Derived from a hyphenated noun: southeastern.

· Indicates shades of colors and taste: sweet and sour, bright blue.

Hyphenation

Exceptions: if the first word is dazzling, sterile, marble, deathly and words starting with SH: dazzlingly bright, defiantly proud.

· The word begins with military-, mass-, folk-, scientific-, educational-:

educational, scientific and research.

· The first part ends with –IKO: chemical-technological.

· If it is formed from the phrase adjective + noun, and the words are swapped: literary-fiction = fiction.

· Some geographical names: South China Sea.

· If between parts of a word you can put a conjunction NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO: sad - interrogative.

Exception: if the first part is an adverb answering the questions how? in what degree? or the word in SKI: shamefully cowardly, slavishly devoted.

· If the first part is a numeral, written in the words: 20 thousandth.

Spelling particles

Separate writing of particles

· Would (b), whether (l), same (f)

For example: you would have to complete it, how long you would wait, OR you would read it.

· CFU, if it is separated from the pronoun by a preposition: some with whom (some linguists believe some- prefix if it is written with a hyphen).

· Particle SO, if it comes after a noun, adjective and pronoun: she still had time, you’re crazy, the girl still had time (colloquial form of speech).

Particles are written through a hyphen: - then, -either, -something, some-, some-, -ka-, -s, -de.(I would like to note that some linguists consider suffixes: that-, either-, any- and the prefix - some-, which. Rosenthal A.I. considers them particles.)

Hyphenated spelling of particles

For example: tell me, please, someone.

· Particle SO, standing after verbs and adverbs, is written with a hyphen: he did say, BUT: he did say(colloquial form).

Spelling conjunctions

Conjunctions are functional parts of speech. They serve to connect words in phrases or to connect simple sentences within complex ones.

Coordinating conjunctions do not cause spelling difficulties. But subordinating conjunctions can be confused with independent parts of speech. Their spelling is different. Let's figure out how to write subordinating conjunctions and how to distinguish them from similar independent parts of speech.

Combined and separate writing of subordinating conjunctions

Distinguish conjunctions from combinations of independent parts of speech with auxiliary ones, which are written together.

A union can be replaced by a union. It does not contain a lexical meaning, but an independent part of speech has a lexical meaning; you can ask a question about it.

Compare:

· I t Auger watched this movie (also = and, this is a union)

He said one thing and Same(you can say about WHAT he said, logical emphasis falls on THAT, this is a pronoun with the particle ZHE) .

· But I prepared well for the test (but = but, however, this is an alliance)

I appreciate him for that he is reliable (specifically, a person is valued for something, FOR - a preposition, THAT - a pronoun).

Spelling of numerals

Continuous writing

· Cardinal numbers from 11 to 19, round tens and hundreds: sixteen, twenty, sixty, five hundred.

· Ordinal numbers corresponding to the above quantitative ones: sixteenth, sixtieth.

Ordinal numbers ending in - thousandth, - millionth,

-billionth: twenty-five thousandth.

· Word "two-half"

· Fractional numbers:

Separate writing

· Compound cardinal numbers: one hundred twenty three, five hundred forty two.

· Ordinal composite numbers: one hundred twenty-three, five hundred and forty-two.

· Fractional numbers: six sevenths, one point two thirds.

Spelling pronouns

Among the nine categories of pronouns, only indefinite ones can be written with a hyphen.

Hyphen in indefinite pronouns

· Pronouns with a prefix are written with a hyphen CFU: someone, someone.

But if there is a preposition between the prefix and the word, then the pronoun is written separately: with someone, with someone.

· Pronouns with the suffixes TO-, EIBO-, ANYBODY are written through a hyphen: someone, anyone, anyone.

Difficult cases of spelling adverbs

Hyphenation

· Adverbs formed by repeating words or stems: barely, for a long time, for a long time, firmly, after all, willy-nilly.

· If an adverb is formed from two synonyms: unexpectedly, unexpectedly, well.

· Adverbs with the prefix PO- and suffixes –OMU, -EMU, -SKI,- KI, -I: kindly, kindly, friendly, German, birdlike.

· With prefixes VO-, V- and suffixes –ИХ, -Их : Firstly Secondly.

· With the suffixes -TO, - EITHER, - ANYBODY, the prefix SOME-: somewhere, somewhere, someday, somewhere.

Continuous writing

The combined and separate writing of adverbs causes certain difficulties. This is because although there are rules for writing, there are many exceptions to them. Therefore, there are a lot of words you just need to remember how they are written.

· If the adverb is formed from adverbial combinations: in two, on the right, end to end, on display. BUT: on the run, at a swoop, at the joint, to laugh.

· If formed by combining prepositions with adjectives, pronouns, adverbs: slowly, hard-boiled, in four, in two, with might and main, completely, everywhere, forever.

· Adverbs with the meaning of adverbs of place and time, containing nouns: top, bottom, before, back, height, depth, distance, width, century, beginning. For example: up, forward, behind, at the beginning.

· If an adverb without a prefix into which the preposition is transferred is not used: plenty, after, to pieces, completely, familiarly, from under the brows, on the sly, by the way, on one side, down the drain, on an empty stomach, by hearsay, one by one, early in the morning, half asleep, too much.

· Combination of the preposition B and nouns with a vowel: in exchange, point-blank, in an armful.

· Combinations of prepositions WITHOUT and DO with nouns: to no avail, until I drop.

· Combinations of nouns with other prepositions: on the fly, on a grand scale, abroad, at home.

· Some combinations that have a figurative meaning: fundamentally (wrong), (this is) to our advantage, (to get) into a dead end.

Separate writing

Distinguish adverbs from combinations of prepositions with nouns, ask questions, look at the meaning of words:

perform out of spite - complain about evil

stand to death - go to death

break it completely - put it on your head.

These are the rules for writing adverbs. However, there are many exceptions, words that need to be remembered.

Remember the spelling of adverbs

Continuous writing

Separate writing

Task No. 14. -Н- and -НН- in parts of speech

-N- and -NN- in denominate adjectives

-Н- and –НН- in verbal adjectives and participles

Remember the cases when it is written -НН-, in the rest - -Н-.

· There is a prefix, except NOT-: PAINTED, WRITTEN.

· In words starting with OVANNY, YOVANNY: ORGANIZED, uprooted.

· If there is a dependent word: knitted scarf by mom

· If the word is formed from a perfective verb: solved - from the verb to decide, perfective.

In all other cases it is written –N-.

Compare:

painted gender is not present in any of the four cases)

Painted floor - there is an attachment

PAINTED BY A MASTER gender (there is a dependent word)

Be careful when determining how many Ns are written in a word. Determine the part of speech, see if there are dependent words, always remember these rules.

-Н- and –НН- in nouns and adverbs

In nouns and adverbs, as many N are written as in the words from which they are formed; these parts of speech are written according to the same rules.

Examples:

behaved brought up But- adverb, formed from the word well-mannered, in which –НН-, since there is a prefix.

WorkerNick- noun. formed from the verb WORK, imperfect form.

Exceptions

Difficult cases

· Compound words like: written with one H

read-re-read

ironed-re-ironed

walked-walked

In these words in the second part there is a prefix PERE-, but N is written.

But if a word is used separately, then it is written according to the general rule:

Re-read book.

· In a complex word, the presence of the first root does not affect the spelling of NN:

FRESH FROZEN FISH, BUT FRESH FROZEN FISH

· Remember: seriously wounded, lightly wounded - terms

· Military Chief, BUT Military Responsible

· Damn- formed from the word OKAYATI (condemn) - perfect form, therefore in the word NN.

· serebrenik- although it is derived from the word silver (alternation of vowels)

· hard worker- from the word WORK, imperfect form

· martyr- from the word TORTURE, imperfect form.

· Some verbal adjectives in the short form are written with N, although in the full form they have NN:

eyes we're crying

coat vilifiedBut

Task 15

Task No. 16 Separate definitions

Isolated definitions are the most common syntactic constructions. This is one of the largest rules in terms of volume, with many exceptions.

Separate definitions can be expressed:

single definitions

homogeneous definitions

· adjectives with dependent words

· participial phrases

The basic rule for placing commas in separate definitions

Definitions are separated, that is, they are highlighted in writing with commas if they appear AFTER the word being defined.

Let us remember that the word being defined is the word on which the given definition depends, that is, it defines it. It is from the word being defined that the question to the definition is asked.

· The girl reading the book was very enthusiastic (the definition is expressed by the participial phrase “reading a book” and comes AFTER the defined word “girl”).

· The travelers, tired and exhausted, decided to rest (the definition is expressed by homogeneous members).

· Irina, alarmed, decided to go back (the definition is expressed by a single participle)

· The book, interesting in its plot, interested the girl (the definition is expressed by an adjective with dependent words).

Definitions are not isolated if they are placed BEFORE the word being defined.

For example:

The girl reading the book was very interested.

Exceptions

There are several very important exceptions to this rule. Their essence is that definitions are isolated, even if they appear BEFORE the word being defined, and are not isolated if they appear AFTER it. What are these exceptions?

Cases of isolation of definitions placed BEFORE the word being defined:

· If the definition refers to a PERSONAL PRONOUN, then it is isolated in any case.

For example:

· If the definition has ADDITIONAL CIRCUMSTANCEAL VALUE. How to determine this? It is necessary to replace this sentence with a complex sentence with an adverbial clause.

For example:

Stunned by the explosion, the soldier bows his head (the definition of “stunned by the explosion” stands out because it has an additional adverbial meaning, that is, it can be replaced by an adverbial adverbial:

The soldier bows his head because he was stunned by the explosion).

· If there are other words between the definition and the word being defined.

For example:

Illuminated by the sun, the masts of ships rise (the defined word “masts” is separated from the agreed definition by the word “rise”).

Definitions are not separated, even if they appear AFTER the word being defined:

· If the definitions are common and refer to any pronoun other than a personal pronoun.

For example:

I saw SOMETHING like a miracle (a common definition refers to the indefinite pronoun “something”).

· If the definition is closely related in meaning to both the subject and the predicate, that is, if this definition is removed from the text, then the meaning will be unclear or distorted.

For example:

He came pale from the experienced feelings (if we remove “pale from the experienced feelings” from the text, then the meaning will be different. After all, in this sentence, what is important is not that he “came”, but what he was like at that moment).

Task No. 17 Punctuation marks for introductory words and sentences

Introductory words

In speech we often use water words. Introductory words are words or combinations of words with which the speaker expresses his attitude to what he is talking about. In writing, they are highlighted on both sides with commas. In oral speech, introductory words are pronounced with a special intonation: more quickly than other words. Introductory words are not parts of the sentence.

Introductory words are one of the types of sentence complication. It is interesting that they are not any members of the sentence, that is, they do not perform a syntactic role.

1.Adverbs, which are written in one word, must be distinguished from adverbial combinations, which are written in several words. Wed: in two, but: on the run; on the right, but: with a swoop, end-to-end, but: at the joint; for a laugh, But: on display and etc. Writing an adverb depends on which part of speech the word participated in its formation.

2. Adverbs, formed by combining prepositions with adjectives, numerals, pronouns, adverbs, are usually written seamlessly, For example: slowly, hard-boiled(from adjective), four of us, two of us(from the numeral), to the fullest, completely(from pronoun), everywhere, forever(from adverbs), however there are a number of exceptions. Adverbs, formed by combining prepositions with nouns, constitute a special group of words that are difficult to remember.

Are being written seamlessly:

A) adverbs formed by combining prepositions with adverbs: until now, from the outside, forever, through, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, completely, hardly;

b) adverbs, formed by combining the prepositions “in” and “on” with collective numerals: double, triple, quadruple, halves, triple(But: in twos, in threes, Also By alone);

V) adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives: dry, dead, from afar, hastily, little by little, in vain, rashly;

G) adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives: hard-boiled, close, hand-to-hand, often, recklessly, at random, probably Also for the first time and a draw.

d) adverbs, formed by combining a preposition and a noun, if: 1) they contain nouns that are not used in modern language or are used in a different meaning: in abundance, after, to pieces, completely, familiarly, from under the brows, on the sly, by the way, askew, down the drain, on an empty stomach, by hearsay, one by one, early in the morning, half asleep, too much; 2) significant circumstances of place or time and including nouns top, bottom, front, back, height, depth, distance, width, century, beginning: up, up, bottom, forward, back, behind, up, deep, into the distance, breadth, forever, first, at the beginning.

Are being written apart:

a) combinations of prepositions V and nouns starting with a vowel: in retaliation, in exchange, at the cutting edge, in an armful, at point-blank range;

b) combinations of nouns with prepositions without and (usually) until: tirelessly, to no avail, without looking back, until I drop, until I die;

c) combinations of nouns with other prepositions: on the go, on the fly, on the move, on the fly, on a grand scale, abroad, abroad, Also under the armpits, under the armpit, from under the armpit, the other day;

d) some combinations that have a figurative meaning: fundamentally (wrong), (this is) to my advantage, (to get) into a dead end.

3. Adverbs must be distinguished from a combination of preposition and noun. In most cases, these differences emerge in context. Wed: act in secret- keep secret; do it out of spite- complain about evil; really wet - believe in the truth, stand to death- go to death; smash completely- put it on your head etc. To master spelling adverbs you need to consult a spelling dictionary.

Hyphenation

• Adverbs formed by repeating words or stems: barely, for a long time, for a long time, firmly, after all, willy-nilly.
• If an adverb is formed from two synonyms: unexpectedly, unexpectedly, in a good time.
• Adverbs with the prefix PO- and suffixes –OMU, -EMU, -SKI,- KI, -I: kindly, kindly, friendly, German, birdlike.
• With prefixes VO-, V- and suffixes –ИХ, -Их : Firstly Secondly.
• With the suffixes -TO, - EITHER, - ANYTHING, the prefix SOME-: somewhere, somewhere, someday, somewhere.

Continuous writing

The combined and separate writing of adverbs causes certain difficulties. This is because although there are rules for writing, there are many exceptions to them. Therefore, there are a lot of words you just need to remember how they are written.

• If the adverb is formed from adverbial combinations: in two, on the right, end to end, on display. BUT: on the run, at a swoop, at the joint, to laugh.
• If formed by combining prepositions with adjectives, pronouns, adverbs: slowly, hard-boiled, in four, in two, with might and main, completely, everywhere, forever.
• Adverbs with the meaning of circumstances of place and time, containing nouns: top, bottom, before, back, height, depth, distance, width, century, beginning. For example: up, forward, behind, at the beginning.
• If an adverb without a prefix into which the preposition is transferred is not used: plenty, after, to pieces, completely, familiarly, from under the brows, on the sly, by the way, on one side, down the drain, on an empty stomach, by hearsay, one by one, early in the morning, half asleep, too much.
• Combination of the preposition B and nouns with a vowel: in exchange, point-blank, in an armful.
• Combinations of prepositions WITHOUT and DO with nouns: to no avail, until I drop.
• Combinations of nouns with other prepositions: on the fly, on a grand scale, abroad, at home.
• Some combinations that have a figurative meaning: fundamentally (wrong), (this is) to our advantage, (to get) into a dead end.

Separate writing

Distinguish adverbs from combinations of prepositions with nouns, ask questions, look at the meaning of words:

perform out of spite - complain about evil

stand to death - go to death

break it completely - put it on your head.

These are the rules for writing adverbs. However, there are many exceptions, words that need to be remembered.

Remember the spelling of adverbs

Continuous writing

Separate writing

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Remember!

Write with two NNs:

Glass nn oh, tin nn oh, wood nn oh, nameless nn oh, I wish nn oh, sacred nn oh, slow down nn oh, unseen nn oh, unheard of nn oh, unexpectedly nn oh, bad luck nn oh, no way nn oh, desperate nn oh, okay nn oh, wow nn oh, check nn oh, jama nn oh, homemade nn oh yeah nn oh, I've decided nn oh, kuple nn oh, kazyo nn oh, captivity nn oh, broche nn oh, just nn oh, offend nn oh, I'm embarrassed nn oh, execution nn oh, come on nn wow, I'll win nn oh, I'm born nn oh, pecked, awake nn oh, more nn oh, okay nn y.

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Spelling adverbs

Vowels A And O at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, have a letter at the end O, and adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A. For example: to the right, before dark, firmly; enough, occasionally, again.

Such adverbs are formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, and they must be distinguished from adverbs that have the same prefixes, but formed in a suffix way: orally O(oral), verbatim O(verbatim), correct O(serviceable).

Adverbs of hissing

At the end of adverbs after sibilants it is written b.

For example: backhand, wide open, away. Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

In total, there are 9 adverbs for this rule in the Russian language.: wide open, completely, completely, away, unbearably, backhanded, backwards, galloping, exactly. You can just learn these words. But if some new word with a hiss at the end is added, it will have to be written according to the given rule.

Not And neither in pronominal negative adverbs

In negative adverbs it is written under stress Not, without accent - neither, in both cases these are prefixes and they are written together: nowhere, nowhere, no place, nowhere, no time, never, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, no matter, no reason (aimless); also not at all, not at all.

For example: once do trifles - never" did not bother with trifles; in summer not"where was playing - children nowhere" didn't play; not"where wait for news - not at all "yes" no news came. See also Using the particle NOT and Using the particle NI

Letters n and nn in adverbs

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, through, the day before yesterday, from the outside, hardly, the day after tomorrow.

Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words, used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, should be distinguished from such adverbs. Wed: For tomorrow the patient felt better (felt when?, in the meaning of the adverb). - The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals are written together, for example: doubled, tripled, quadrupled, in two (but: in twos), in three (but: in threes, Also one by one).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note. There is a difference between the continuous spelling of some adverbs of this type and the separate spelling of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: To the people a lot happens here every day. - He doesn't come here a lot months (presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close (to approach), scattered (to rush), manually (to do), blindly (to wander), in the dark (to play), outright (to be dismissed), to a draw (to play), with all might (to swing), recklessly, at random, probably for the first time.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open, in general.

5. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns are written together, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, in person, backwards, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted.

Adverbs of this type include:

a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in return, locked up, in starts, passionately, at random, at random, crookedly, for rent, inside, inside, personally, back home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddle, in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at a loss, half-awake, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alien, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial , confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, ucnolu, from time immemorial, askew, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, topsy-turvy, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, contrary, contrary, on the spot, straight, in great demand , out, out of the blue, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, at random, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, behind, outside, early , sleepy, sleepy, too much, etc..

b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, wade, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, instantly, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, at odds, at the bend, right up, just in time (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for future use, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, openly, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, protruded, right through, out, out, out, out, out, at attention, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, half, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, finally, for example, for hire, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, along with, forcefully, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from time to time, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-to-shoulder (cut), at once, from time to time, in a row.

Note 1. Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: wade - enter a ford; to be truly (really) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act secretly (secretly) - keep secret (secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak stretched (stretching out words) - give the boots to stretch (cf.: in a repeated stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side (cf.: on the right side), sideways - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; return the next morning (in the morning) - move to the morning; not to see from birth - thirty years old; too much - more than three meters; contrary to someone else's opinion - getting into a cut on the arm.

c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, up, up, to the top, up, above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, ahead; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but if there are explanatory words for the corresponding nouns, the specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year.

Note 1. The possibility of inserting a defining word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not indicate their separate spelling. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning (i.e. “from the beginning”, not “from the beginning”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road, etc.

6. Many adverbs of a professional nature and colloquial style with the prefix v- and the final syllable -ku are written together, for example: catching up, tightening, rolling, wrapping, slipping, running, waddling, waddling, upside down, racing, interspersed, mixed up, side by side, tucked in, nailed down, tucked in, squinted, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, tackling, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in feed, cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, skipping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, squatting, scattering, waddling, swaying, squeezing, swaying, spinning, squeezing.

Written separately: in ridicule, in installments; Also a curiosity(of another formation) and various combinations in which the noun begins with a vowel (tight, etc.).

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix ending in -oo, -emu, -ki, -ni, -i are written with a hyphen, for example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak French, to be cunning like a fox; apparently in an empty way, as before, and also in Latin.

Note 1. The prefix is ​​written together if the adverb includes a short adjective on y (for a long time, little by little), with the suffix -enku, -onku (little by little, little by little) or a comparative degree (more, more often).

Note 2. In adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from complex adjectives with a hyphen, the hyphen is written only after the prefix, for example: in social democratic, non-commissioned officer.

Try not to confuse an adverb and an adjective. Compare: dressed for autumn. Walking on autumn ice is dangerous.

2. Adverbs in -ih, -ih with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers, are written with a hyphen, for example : firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles -that, -either, -something, -are written with a hyphen, for example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words are written with a hyphen.

Here is the most complete list of these words:

inside out,full,light-light,dearly,willy-nilly,very very,just,at the very least,more or less,a long time ago,exactly the same,barely,barely,criss-cross,I'll say hello,after all,a little,tightly,little by little,not today, tomorrow,sewn-covered,from the bay,quietly and quietly

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverb expressions with an intensifying meaning, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, of which one is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, are written separately, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meanings are written separately:

• without: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without silence, without fatigue;
• V: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;
• before: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;
• behind: after midnight;
• on the: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;
• from: from strength (three kilograms, etc.);
• By: the old fashioned way;
• under: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;
• With: with the knowledge, with the wind, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a pantalyk (go astray), with a running start, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Adverbial combinations of prepositions in and on with plural nouns are also written, denoting location, time, state (physical and mental): in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock (to stand).

Combinations of the preposition on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections) are written separately if they act as adverbs: at random, to no (reduce to nothing), to hurray, to fufu.

4. Adverb combinations consisting of the preposition v and nouns starting with a vowel are written separately: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone, openly.

5. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms.

For example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad (but: trade with abroad - from the noun abroad), to home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the armpit, under the armpit, under the armpits, under the armpits, from under the armpits (but: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: scream in your hearts (in anger), scold behind your eyes (in absentia).

6. Combinations of negations not and nor with prepositional forms of nouns are written separately, for example : not in moderation, not to the credit, beyond strength, not to taste, not good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry.

In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary.

In the “Spelling by Rules” course you will find interactive exercises on spelling adverbs. >>>

There are several types of rules:

I. spelling adverbial suffixes;

II. spelling adverbs with a hyphen;

III. combined and separate writing of adverbs.

I. Spelling of adverbial suffixes:

1) at the end of adverbs formed from full adjectives is written:

- suffix -O – after hard consonants, for example: long - debt O;

- suffix -e – after soft consonants; For example: external - external e.

2) at the end of adverbs after sibilants under the accent it is written -o: generally O? ; without accent – ​​-е : sing-h e.

Exception: more.

3) at the end of adverbs formed from short adjectives with the help of prefixes from- (is-), do-, s- (co-), it is written -a; For example : occasionally A, dry A, reference A ; using the prefixes in-, for-, on-, written -o ; For example: right O, directed O, simple O.

4) adverbs with the prefix po- at the end have -y; For example: for a long time, because, to the extent.

5) at the end of adverbs (and particles), after sibilants it is written ь. For example: gallop, I mean, hear, see, backhand.

Exceptions: I can’t bear to get married.

II. Spelling adverbs with a hyphen:

1) adverbs formed from full adjectives and pronouns-adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, with prefix And suffixes -oom, -emu, -i. For example: other - in a different way, real - for real, human - in a human way, English - in English, fox - in a fox way.

By analogy with words in English, French, German, Russian an adverb is written with a hyphen in Latin;

2) adverbs formed from ordinal numbers in a prefix-suffix way, with the prefix v- (vo-) And suffix - them (s); For example: first? firstly, secondly? Secondly.

3) term on-mountain;

4) adverbs with some prefix And postfixes -either, -either, -yet ; For example: somehow, for some reason, well, someday, somewhere, after all.

5) adverbs formed by repetition:

- the same word; For example: barely, just a little, just about;

- the same root, complicated by prefixes and suffixes; For example: visible and invisible, little by little, just, after all, a long time ago, willy-nilly;

- synonyms; For example: out of the blue, in good health, at the very least, unexpectedly.

Note!

a) Adverbs with the prefix po- are written together, formed:

- from possessive pronouns with final -mu; For example: because, why, therefore, therefore.

- in the prefix-suffixal way from full adjectives with the suffix -o. For example: monthly - monthly, ten - ten days, lowercase - line by line.

b) Written separately:

- adverbial combinations made up of repeated nouns with a preposition between them. For example: side by side, side to side, honor by honor.

Exception: exactly, crosswise;

- non-prepositional combinations consisting of repeated nouns (the second is in the instrumental case). For example: rank by rank, honor by honor;

- combinations with words of the same root (adverb + verb), in which the first is an adverb in -mya. For example: swarming, roaring roaringly.

V) Do not confuse adverbs (written with a hyphen) with homonymous combinations of prepositions with adjectives and adjective pronouns (written separately). In order to differentiate them, use the following rule: an adjective and an adjective pronoun can be removed from a sentence; with an adverb this operation is impossible.

For example: Trains run on the same schedule (Trains run on schedule). - Everything is still the same with us ( still cannot be withdrawn ); Events developed according to a different option (Events developed according to an option). - He did everything differently ( cannot be taken away by anyone else ).

III. Integrated and separate writing of adverbs

The combined and separate writing of adverbs and adverbial combinations is largely determined by tradition, as well as by what part of speech the adverb and adverbial combination are formed from.

1. Adverbs formed from other adverbs:

1) adverbs are written together , formed by combining prefixes with adverbs. For example: it is forbidden? absolutely, always? forever, tomorrow? the day after tomorrow, outside? outside.

2) written separately combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words used in the meaning of nouns. For example: nullify, pass the exam well, go with a bang.

In this case, after the preposition, you can put a case question of the noun. Pass the exam for (What? )Fine.

Compare: The next day we hit the road(tomorrow is an adverb meaning “the next day”, the question is asked about the word in its entirety: set off on the road (when?) – the next day) – Departure postponed until tomorrow(for tomorrow – a prepositional combination meaning “for tomorrow”, the question is asked after the preposition for: departure was postponed until (what day?) tomorrow).

2. Adverbs formed from numerals:

1) written together adverbs formed by combining “prefix in, na- + collective numeral in -e”; For example: twice, in two.

2) written separately combinations:

a) “preposition po + collective numeral in -e”; For example: twos, threes;

b) “preposition + collective numeral in -yh(s)” (note that the adverbs firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. are written with a hyphen!); For example: for two, for three, for six.

3) written separately prepositional combinations formed by repeating the same numeral (including the collective) with a preposition between the numerals; For example: one on one, two on two;

4) adverbs and adverbial combinations with root one are written together and separately:

a) written separately combinations – alone, one at a time;

b) written together adverbs at the same time, one by one. For example: scatter individually, act together.

But written separately combinations where behind , By are prepositions . For example: to give one's life for one word; put them in solitary confinement - solitary confinement.

3. Adverbs formed from pronouns:

1) written together adverbs (including pronominal adverbs) arising from the combination “preposition + pronoun”. For example: therefore, then, at all, with might and main, completely, in a draw, and not at all.

But written separately combination of a preposition with a pronoun; For example: at all times on this matter.

2) always written separately combinations: from this, at the same time, behind this, for what, to what, to that, for nothing, for nothing, for nothing, in any way, in both.

Pay attention to the writing of phraseological units: at any cost, as if nothing had happened.

4. Adverbs formed from adjectives:

1) written together adverbs formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way; For example: new - again, left - on the left, lowercase - line by line.

2) written together adverbs arising from the combination “preposition + full adjective in case form.” For example: manually, idle, recklessly, directly, often.

Exceptions: to the side, to the world, to the back;

3) written separately adverbs arising from the combination “preposition + full adjective in case form”, if the preposition ends with a consonant and the adjective begins with a vowel. For example: openly.

Note!

Written separately a combination of a preposition with a full adjective (in this case the adjective can be removed from the sentence or phrase; the question is posed after the preposition).

Compare: speak (how?) directly(adverb) – go out onto (what?) straight street; go outside(“preposition + adjective”).

5.Adverbs formed from a noun with prepositions

The spelling of adverbs and adverbial combinations that arose from the combinations “preposition + noun in a certain case” is largely determined by tradition.

At the same time, the combined and separate writing of adverbs and adverbial combinations depends on:

1) from the type of noun to which the adverb goes:

a) usually written together adverbs containing nominal forms that are not used in modern Russian. For example: plenty, locked up, early, in trouble, in reality.

Exceptions: fully armed, loudly, bluntly, to the point, etc.;

b) usually written together adverbs, if a definition cannot be inserted between the prefix-prefix and the noun from which the adverb is formed without changing the meaning, or if after the preposition a case question cannot be posed to the noun. For example: run skipping, refuse flatly, talk vying with each other.

Exceptions: made conscientiously, to match someone;

c) usually written together adverbs formed from prepositional-case forms, if in the modern Russian language there is a homonymous combination of a noun with a preposition (in a different meaning). For example: put your cap on one side(the cap is on the head, not on the side!) – the horse fell on its side.

Exceptions: work hard(adverb) – don't count on fame read poetry from memory(adverb) – just don’t rely on memory(noun with preposition);

d) usually written together adverbs formed from nouns with spatial and temporal meaning – top, bottom, front, back, height, depth, distance, width, century, beginning, etc.

Look up, remember forever, look back, think first.

Are written separately homonymous forms of a noun with a preposition: the noun in this case is used in its direct meaning and has a dependent adjective or noun.

Compare: Think first, answer later(adverb) – Three hours have passed since the meeting began(noun with preposition); He looked up(adverb) – He climbed to the top of the stairs(noun with preposition).

Note!

Remember the separate writing: for ever, for ever, from everlasting(i.e. for a long time, since time immemorial), forever and ever, forever and ever.

Remember the continuous spelling: top to bottom, top to bottom, bottom to top.

2) depending on the type of preposition:

a) usually written together adverbs with prepositions:

- TO: in a row, by the way, up, down;

Exceptions: to the point (to the point to say), in a hurry, not in a hurry.

- ABOUT : on the ground, sideways (in the meaning of “next to” - sit by the side; but: hit the side of the boat);

- FROM (IS) : from within, from afar, from time immemorial, from ancient times;

- FROM: partly, from birth in the sense of “never” (he never ate such dishes, but: from birth in the sense of “from birth” - he is ten years old);

b) usually written separately adverbial expressions with prepositions:

- WITHOUT: to no avail, without asking, without restraint, without a twinge of conscience;

- BEFORE: until I drop, until I die, until I die (tired), until I’m full (full);

Exceptions: to the top (loaded), to the bottom (sank), to the ground (burned out).

- C (CO): out of the blue, out of a pantalyk, out of a run, out of a swing, out of evil, out of excess, out of fright;

Exceptions: foolishly, too, shoulder (hit), immediately, akin, half asleep, wide awake, early in the morning, in a row, in front, behind, below, above;

- FROM UNDER: from under the bushel, from under the armpits, from under the nose;

Exceptions: from under the brows, on the sly, from below.

- BEHIND : abroad, abroad, behind the eyes, beyond midnight;

Exceptions : married, married, friend.

- UNDER: to match, under the nose, under the arm, under the bushel, under the bushel;

Exceptions : sometimes (“sometimes”), in a row.

c) written separately adverbs with the preposition in, if the original noun begins with a vowel; For example: point blank, around, in general (but: in general).

G) adverbial expressions with prepositions in, on, by are written:

- apart , if the noun still retains the ability to change by case. Compare: done conscientiously - act according to conscience, put in a dead end - find yourself in a dead end.

Exceptions: inside out(although there is from the inside out), one by one(although eating alone ), instantly(although there is for a moment), hastily(although there is no rush);

- apart, if the noun ends in -ah(s). For example: in the dark, in the hearts, on errands, in joy.

Exceptions: in the dark, in a hurry, in a hurry, in the heat of the moment (nouns without in are no longer used);

- apart, if an adjective can be placed between the preposition in, on, by and a noun, the pronoun and meaning of the noun will not change; For example: for a moment - for one moment, at a gallop - at full gallop.

- together, if the noun is no longer used separately from in, on, by. For example: on an empty stomach, in person, finally, down the drain, in the dark, in a hurry, in a hurry, in the heat of the moment.

- together, if an adjective or pronoun cannot be inserted between in, on, by and a noun (without changing the meaning of the noun). For example: for the future, to the full, flatly, in a low voice, tightly.

The writing of adverbs and adverbial combinations in many cases is determined by tradition. Therefore, if you have difficulty, you should turn to spelling dictionaries.