Sergey Klychkov is an underestimated heritage of the Old Believer culture. Short biography: Sergey Antonovich Klychkov Sergey Antonovich Klychkov. Biography

Sergei Antonovich Klychkov(the village nickname of the family, sometimes used as a pseudonym, - Leshenkov; July 1, Dubrovki, Tver province - October 8, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet poet, prose writer and translator.

Biography

Klychkov wrote three novels - the satirical "Sugar German" (1925; in 1932 it was published under the title "The Last Lel"), the fabulously mythological "Chertukhinsky Balakir" (1926), "The Prince of Peace" (1928). They were conceived as parts of the nine-book Life and Death; the names of the following parts were announced: "Kitezh Peacock", "Grey Master", "Burkan - a Man's Son", "Spas on Blood", "Ghost Rus'", "Moose with Golden Horns" - but one of them did not appear in print.

Klychkov's lyrics are connected with folk art, he seeks solace in nature. At first, his poems were narrative, later they were distinguished by certain reflections of a pantheistic, pessimistic nature, but they were always far from any revolutionary. Klychkov's prose reveals his primordial connection with the traditional world of the peasantry and peasant demonology, as well as the influence of N. Gogol, N. Leskov and A. Remizov.<…>Klychkov's novels are not rich in action, they are composed of separate scenes, associative, filled with images from the world of reality and the world of sleep and spirits; the story is told from the perspective of a peasant who loves to talk about various topics, the rhythm of this prose is often very good. The city, cars, iron and factory chimneys, as symbols of the proletarian revolution, turn for Klychkov, with his attachment to the metaphysical world of the village and forest, into tools of Satan.

Klychkov also spoke with critical articles (“Bald Mountain”, 1923; “Affirmation of Simplicity”, 1929), translations (in the 1930s; translated the epics of the peoples of the USSR, folk songs and legends; translated the works of many Georgian poets - G. Leonidze, Vazha Pshavela and others, translated the famous poem by Shota Rustaveli "The Knight in the Panther's Skin").

In 1937, Sergei Klychkov was arrested on false charges, on October 8, 1937 he was sentenced to death and shot on the same day. In 1956 he was rehabilitated. The certificate of rehabilitation indicates a false date of death - January 21, 1940, which has passed into some publications.

Memory

In the poet's homeland, in the village of Dubrovki, Taldom District, Moscow Region, the Klychkov Memorial Museum was created.

Compositions

I am with the gift of clear speech,
And I honor our language
And not sheep's bleating
And not cow myk!

“I must be a cripple…”, 1929

• Songs. - M.: Alcyone, 1911
• The Secret Garden: Poems. - M., Alcyone, 1913 - 90 p. (2nd ed. - M., 1918)
• Oakwood: Poems. - 1918
• Ring of Frets: Poems. - M., 1918. - 60 p.
• The Wonderful Guest: Selected Poems. - Moscow; Petrograd: State Publishing House, 1923
• Home songs: the fifth book of poems. - Moscow; Petersburg: Circle, 1923
• Sugar German. - M., 1925
• Chertukhinsky Balakir. - M., 1926
• Last Lel. - 1927
• Talisman. Poetry. - L., 1927
• Prince of Peace. - 1928
• Visiting cranes. Poems. - M.: "Federation", 1930
• Saraspan: poems. Folklore adaptations and translations. - M.: Fiction, 1936

In 2000, the Collected Works of S. A. Klychkov was published in two volumes (compilation, preparation of the text, comments by M. Nikyo, N. M. Solntseva, S. I. Subbotin. - M .: Alice Lak). in 2011 he published a collection: "Research and materials on the results of the international scientific conference dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of S. A. Klychkov."

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Notes

Literature

• Cossack V. Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917 / [trans. with him.]. - M. : RIK "Culture", 1996. - XVIII, 491, p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-8334-0019-8.

Links

• in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• "Round the World"
• - underestimated heritage of the Old Believer culture

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An excerpt characterizing Klychkov, Sergey Antonovich

A knock on the door around midnight on July 31, 1937 became fatal in the life of the remarkable poet Sergei Antonovich Klychkov, who was arrested that night on a fabricated case of participation in anti-Soviet activities. By the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR of October 8, 1937, the poet Klychkov was sentenced to death; The sentence was carried out on the same day. 19 years later, on July 25, 1956, the same court posthumously rehabilitated the poet, canceling the death sentence due to "newly discovered circumstances." Alas, this admission of error does not negate the main horrific fact: another Russian poet died a tragic, absurd death.
At the time of the execution, Sergei Klychkov was 48 years old.

Childhood of the poet. The beginning of the creative path. Revolutions.
Sergey Klychkov was born on July 13, 1889 in the village of Dubrovki, Tver province, in the family of an Old Believer shoemaker. According to family legend, the mother of the future poet Thekla gave birth to her first child in the forest, where she went for berries, and "brought home a screamer in an apron and did not spill a basket of raspberries." The family lived in extreme poverty, Sergey's parents were engaged in sewing shoes and wore them to sell to Moscow, for which they had to walk 100 kilometers one way. Sometimes they stayed in Moscow, taking on odd jobs. Until the age of 10, Sergei was brought up by his grandmother on his father's side, and her fairy tales, songs and legends had a huge impact on the worldview of the future peasant poet. And the winters passed in Taldom, with his grandmother on his mother's side, where Sergei attended - and later successfully completed - a parish school.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the financial situation of the family had strengthened, and Sergei went to Moscow to a real school. During these years, the first poems by Sergei Klychkov appeared, including those on revolutionary themes: the poet took part in the revolution of 1905, after which he hid in his village for a long time, fearing arrest.
Escaping from unhappy love, in 1908 the poet, with the assistance of friends, leaves for Italy, where he meets Maxim Gorky and Lunacharsky. In the same year, the poet Klychkov entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. These years become important in the development of the young poet: in 1911, the first collection of his poems "Songs" was published; Klychkov meets Sergei Yesenin between the two poets, a friendship is established that will last until the end of Yesenin's life.
In the fall of 1914, Klychkov was drafted into the army and took part in the First World War. Next - the revolution of 1917, which Sergei enthusiastically accepted. By 1919, he finds himself in the Crimea, engulfed by the Civil War, where the poet, conspicuous in appearance, is constantly tortured by either whites or reds. A direct threat to life forced Klychkov to leave the Crimea and return to Moscow.

20s. literary maturity.
10 years, from 1920 to 1930, can be attributed to the period of Klychkov's creative flowering. During this period, the bulk of his works were written, several author's collections were published. The poems of Sergei Klychkov become popular, the glory of a folk, peasant poet is finally fixed behind him. In the author's work, the themes of the development of civilization to the detriment of the preservation of pristine nature begin to sound.
Sergei Klychkov considered poetry to be the main work of his life, but in the 20s the author's prose works also saw the light of day: he wrote 3 novels, as well as a number of critical articles.

Last years. Problems: personal and creative.
1930 was the beginning of a crisis in Klychkov's life, which eventually led him to a tragic ending. Klychkov's poems are becoming more philosophical and dramatic, he falls out of the literary "mainstream" of the era: his work is mercilessly criticized. Divorce from his wife also adds fuel to the fire - relations with Alexandra Lobova never became happy, although the poet was in love from his youth and sought the favor of his future wife for a long time.
Klychkov marries a second time. The creative path of the poet is also changing: having fallen into disgrace, Sergey Klychkov practically does not write poetry, being mainly engaged in translations (Georgian authors, epics and folklore texts of the peoples of the USSR). In addition to literary work, during these years Sergei worked a lot on the ground, in his own garden, and was raising his son.
However, the disgrace intensifies, and the arrest of the poet becomes the logical end of his creative and life path for that era.

Poembook, 2014
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poet, prose writer and translator

new peasant poetry

poem, novel, verse translation

Sergei Antonovich Klychkov(the village nickname of the family, sometimes used as a pseudonym, - Leshenkov; July 1 (13) ( 18890713 ) , Dubrovki, Tver province - October 8) - Russian and Soviet poet, prose writer and translator.

Biography

Klychkov wrote three novels - the satirical "Sugar German" (1925; in 1932 it was released under the title "The Last Lel"), the fabulously mythological "Chertukhinsky Balakir" (1926), "The Prince of Peace" (1928).

Klychkov's lyrics are connected with folk art, he seeks solace in nature. At first, his poems were narrative, later they were distinguished by certain reflections of a pantheistic, pessimistic nature, but they were always far from any revolutionary. Klychkov's prose reveals his primordial connection with the traditional world of the peasantry and peasant demonology, as well as the influence of N. Gogol, N. Leskov and A. Remizov.<…>Klychkov's novels are not rich in action, they are composed of separate scenes, associative, filled with images from the world of reality and the world of sleep and spirits; the story is told from the perspective of a peasant who loves to talk about various topics, the rhythm of this prose is often very good. The city, cars, iron and factory chimneys, as symbols of the proletarian revolution, turn for Klychkov, with his attachment to the metaphysical world of the village and forest, into tools of Satan.

Klychkov also spoke with critical articles (“Bald Mountain”, 1923; “Affirmation of Simplicity”, 1929), translations (in the 1930s; translated the epics of the peoples of the USSR, folk songs and legends; translated the works of many Georgian poets - G. Leonidze, Vazha Pshavela and others, translated the famous poem by Shota Rustaveli "The Knight in the Panther's Skin").

In 1937, Sergei Klychkov was arrested on false charges, on October 8, 1937 he was sentenced to death and shot on the same day. In 1956 he was rehabilitated. The certificate of rehabilitation indicates a false date of death - January 21, 1940, which has passed into some publications.

Perhaps his ashes are in a mass grave at the Donskoy Cemetery in Moscow.

Currently, in the homeland of the poet, in the village of Dubrovki, Taldomsky district, Moscow region, there is a memorial museum of Klychkov. Media reports (October 2009) that the museum is not functioning, and the museum building is being destroyed.

Compositions

I am with the gift of clear speech,
And I honor our language
And not sheep's bleating
And not cow myk!

“I must be a cripple…”, 1929

• Songs, 1911
• Hidden garden. Poems, 1913, 2nd ed. - M., 1918
• Oak forest. Poems, 1918
• The guest is wonderful. Poems, 1923
• Home songs. Poems, M. 1923
• Sugar German, M.1925
• Chertukhinsky balakir, M.1926
• The Last Lel, 1927
• Talisman. Poems, L.1927
• Prince of Peace, 1928
• Visiting cranes. Poems, 1930
• Saraspan. Folklore adaptations and translations, 1936

Notes

Literature

• Cossack V. Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917. - M .: RIK "Culture", 1996. - 492 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-8334-0019-8

Links

• Klychkov, Sergey Antonovich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Sergey Klychkov "Around the World"

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• Born in 1889
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• New peasant poets
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• Writers of Russia of the XX century

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Klychkov Sergey Antonovich

Klychkov Sergey Antonovich- (1889 1937), Russian writer. From “peasant romanticism” in lyrics (collections “Songs”, 1911, “Secret Garden”, 1913) transition to anxiety about the destruction of moral roots in the modern village (collections “Home Songs”, 1923, “Visiting the Cranes” ... encyclopedic Dictionary

KLYCHKOV Sergei Antonovich- KLYCHKOV (real name Leshenkov) Sergey Antonovich (1889 1937) Russian writer. From peasant romanticism in lyrics (collections Songs, 1911; Secret Garden, 1913) to anxiety about the destruction of moral roots in the modern village (collections Domashnye ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Klychkov, Sergei Antonovich- (Leshenkov). Genus. 1889, mind. 1937. Writer. Works: "Sugar German" (novel, 1925), "Chertukhinsky Balakir" (novel, 1926), "Visiting the Cranes" (collection, 1930). Repressed… Big biographical encyclopedia

Klychkov Sergey Antonovich- (real name Leshenkov; 1889–1940) - Russian. writer. Genus. in a shoemaker's family. Member of the 1st World War. Began to be printed in 1908. Author of poetic. sb kov "Songs" (1911), "The Secret Garden" (1913), the novels "Sugar German" (1925), "Chertukhinsky Balakir" ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Nicknames

Sergei Antonovich Klychkov- Name at birth: Sergey Antonovich Leshenkov Date of birth: July 1 (13), 1889 (18890713) Place of birth: Dubrovki, Tver province Date of death ... Wikipedia

Klychkov, Sergey- Sergey Antonovich Klychkov Name at birth: Sergey Antonovich Leshenkov Date of birth: July 1 (13), 1889 (18890713) Place of birth: Dubrovki, Tver province Date of death ... Wikipedia

Sergei Klychkov- Sergey Antonovich Klychkov Name at birth: Sergey Antonovich Leshenkov Date of birth: July 1 (13), 1889 (18890713) Place of birth: Dubrovki, Tver province Date of death ... Wikipedia

Sergei Antonovich Klychkov is one of the most famous Russian poets, prose writers and translators.

The poet was born in the family of a shoemaker, and spent his childhood in the village of Dubrovki, Tver Region, and Klychkov was also an Old Believer. The poet became a participant in the revolutionary events of 1905, and in 1906 his first, revolutionary-minded poems appeared. The poems of the young poet Klychkov were approved by Gorodetsky himself. Later, in 1908, the poet managed to visit Italy, where he often met with Maxim Gorky.

Klychkov was a student at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, then he switched to a law degree, but he was expelled in 1913; later he volunteered for the front; in the war he reached the rank of lieutenant. From 1919 to 1921, the poet lived on the territory of the Crimea, where he was almost shot (first by the Makhnovists, and then by the White Guards). Since 1921, Klychkov has been living in Moscow, where he begins working in a magazine called Krasnaya Nov.

Works from the first collections of the poet (for example, "Songs: Sadness-Joy. Lada. Bova" in 1911 and "The Secret Garden" in 1913) are somewhat reminiscent of the style of the poets of the "new peasant" genre - Sergei Yesenin, Nikolai Klyuev, Alexei Ganin , Oreshin and others. The poet's poems were placed in the "Anthology" from the publishing house "Musaget". In his later poetry collections Dubravna (1918), House Songs (1923), Wonderful Guest (1923), Visiting the Cranes (1930), the poet develops and more deeply studies the topics he raised earlier ; his poetry reflects the impressions of the First World War, the defeat of his village by the enemies. The main image of the poet is the hero of a wanderer, wanderer, vagabond. Further, in the poetry of the poet, motifs of hopelessness, depression, despair, the thought that the culture of Rus' would be ruined by the Machine that had gone out of control appeared.

Klychkov is one of the three authors of a cantata dedicated to "the fallen in the struggle for peace and the brotherhood of peoples" (1918). Klychkov was one of the authors of the famous 1918 contant about heroes who bravely fell in the struggle for peace. The poet also wrote three well-known novels - the first was of a satirical nature and was called "Sugar German", the novel was published in 1923 under the title "The Last Lel". And there were also novels with elements of a fairy tale and mythology "Chertukhinsky Balakir" in 1926 and "Prince Mera" in 1928.

Klychkov also wrote critical articles, translated plays of the peoples of the USSR. Processed and translated folk legends and tales. He was engaged in the translation of works by famous Georgian authors - G. Leonidze, Vazha Pshavela and others, and also translated the legendary "The Knight in the Panther's Skin"). He knew close to Sergei Yesenin himself and the sculptor Sergei Timofeevich Konenkov.

In 1937, Klychkov was accused on a false denunciation; and on October 8, 1937, the famous writer was sentenced to capital punishment. On the same day he was shot. During the "thaw" in 1956, he was fully rehabilitated; also in the rehabilitation certificate they indicated a deliberately false date of death - 1940, which migrated to some books.

In our time, his memorial museum was built in the native village of the poet.

Please note that the biography of Sergey Antonovich Klychkov presents the most basic moments from life. Some minor life events may be omitted from this biography.

Klychkov Sergey Antonovich (real surname or village nickname Leshenkov) (1889-1937, according to other data 1940), Russian poet, prose writer, translator. Born on July 1 (13), according to other sources, June 24 (July 6), 1889 in the village of Dubrovka, Tver province. Shoemaker's son; studied at the school of Taldom, then at the real school of I.I. Fidler in Moscow, where in 1905 he participated in the December uprising. He delivered revolutionary poems (The Muzhik has risen, Whirlwind, Anthem of Freedom, all 1906) and socially accusatory prose (The Homeless, 1907). In 1908, thanks to the material support of M.I. Tchaikovsky, the composer's brother, he visited Italy, where he met M. Gorky. From the autumn of 1908 he studied at Moscow University (at the natural, then historical-philological and law faculties; expelled in 1913).

From the first poetry collections Songs: Sorrow-joy. Lada. Bova (1911) and the Secret Garden (1913) Klychkov declared himself as a poet of the new peasant direction, consonant with the poetic personalities of N.A. Klyuev, S.A. Yesenin, P.V.

Love is an unreasonable child -
She needs to be looked after
And up to eight years from diapers
Can't be left unattended.

Klychkov Sergey Antonovich

Reviving in the domestic lyrics of the 20th century. the genre of folk song, developing the motifs of Russian legend and fairy tale, Klychkov rethought them in a romantic and symbolic way - relying on the creative experience of A.A. Blok, S.M. Gorodetsky, on the sad and bright perception of the Russian pagan witch world A.N. Ostrovsky, the “underground” worldview of F.K. in the fantasy-magical, semi-mystical world of Russian folk artistic and mythological thinking.

It was in this world where Lel and Lada, Sadko and Bova, Dubravna and Honey Moon lived, where a picture of the creative unity of human and natural forces unfolds, where on the verge of reality and sleep Klychkov, in the spirit of the early V.Ya. , light plexus / Invisible and elusive hands", the poet fled from the cold, anger, pragmatism and the bustle of urban life. The author was noticed, a number of his poems (Childhood, Early Spring, Shepherd, Fisherman, etc.) were placed in the famous Anthology of the Musaget publishing house.

With the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the army, in 1919 he left for the Crimea with his young wife, where he miraculously escaped execution (first by the Makhnovists, then by the White Guards). In 1921 he returned to Moscow, worked for the Krasnaya Nov magazine and the Krug publishing house. After the release of the poetry collections Dubravna (1918), Home Songs, The Wonderful Guest (both 1923), Visiting the Cranes (1930), developing the old themes and images, condensed and exacerbated by the experiences of the war years, the spectacle of a destroyed village, inspired by the presence of a refined and detached lonely wanderer - the lyrical "I" of the poet, Klychkov turns to prose. Of the planned series, nine novels were published in Sugar German (1925; 2nd ed. 1929; in 1932 it was published under the title The Last Lel), Chertukhinsky Balakir (1926), Prince of Peace (1928; magazine title Dark Root, 1927).

Continuing the Gogol tradition, the combination of real and fantastic plans allows Klychkov, in his usual fairy tale manner, to grotesquely and satirically depict the events of a war deeply alien to him (Sugar German, where the story is full of humor and sadness on behalf of a person from the people), in an alloy of various mythopoetic traditions to convey the legends and traditions of the paternal village (Chertukhinsky balakir, where, along with the inhabitants of the village of Chertukhino, goblin, house and water goblin, where reflections on the Christian beginning and pagan roots, fortress and "naturalness" of the Russian peasant are woven, echoing Klychkov's old plans retell songs about Russian heroes: about Mikul - "earth, spring plowing", Alyosha - "wild, autumn field and causeless secret sweetness-sorrow", about Churil - "sun"), as well as with the help of the archetypal fairy tale plot of "exchange" of appearance the old man and the young soldier to show the evil of self-interest and heartlessness, corroding the Russian peasant community from the second half of the 19th century. - the time of the withering away of serfdom (the Prince of Darkness, under this name. Dark Root was published by the Krug publishing house).

The motif of "devilry", which saturates both Klychkov's poetry and prose, gives rise to notes of hopelessness and despair in his work (poems A dead man comes to me ..., Do not dream of a bright miracle ..., I sleep a heavy terrible dream), a pessimistic premonition sorrows awaiting Russia, which has descended “from the ways of nature”, doomed the patriarchal peasant way of life to destruction and therefore disappears, like the legendary and irretrievable city of Kitezh, an acute rejection of the “machine” civilization. Klychkov also considered formalism in art to be one of the manifestations of "diabolism" (the articles Affirmation of Simplicity, 1929; Lysaya Gora, published in 1923 in the journal Krasnaya Nov, where Klychkov compared contemporary formalistic experimentation with the Sabbat on Lysaya Gora).