Presentation on technology on the topic of mosaic. Presentation on the topic "mosaic". What historical events

Yellow. What color is the rainbow? How color affects a person. Color in the interior. Blue, blue is the color of coolness. Light and color in human life. Can radiation be invisible? Newton's experiment. Green promotes the rhythmic functioning of the heart and relaxation of the eyes. Red increases internal energy. Discovery of color. The influence of light and color on the human body. Red is a very energetic color, the color of strength and life.

“Leonardo da Vinci as a scientist” - Anatomical sketches of the neck. Head of Christ wearing a crown of thorns. The bridge would have been the longest bridge of its time. Automatic ignition system with fuse. Catapult with winch. Anatomical cross-sectional drawing of the skull. One of the inventions of the great Leonardo da Vinci. Madonna and Child. What work is not by Leonardo da Vinci? Anchiano. What is Leonardo da Vinci's full name? Who was Mr. Pierrot?

“Mosaic” - Ancient patterns turned out to be exact constructions of Penrose mosaics! Polygonal mosaic slabs. "Wrong" crystals. Mosaics in Escher's paintings. Ceramic tile. And ancient Islamic patterns. Islimi (pers.) – a type of ornament built on the combination of bindweed and spiral. Tiles. What is a Penrose mosaic? On the right is a reconstruction of girikhs. Girikh schemes. Mosaics from different countries. Mosaics in nature. Minimum angle.

“Biblical themes in fine art” - Youth and flowering. Biblical themes. Sketch of the composition. Biblical themes in fine art. Temple paintings. Images of saints. Winners. Orthodox icon painters. Garden of Eden. Symbolism of color in Christianity. Annunciation. Students' work. Bible. Holy Family. Return of the Prodigal Son. Guardian angel. Global flood. Tower of Babel. Difficult times. Fatherland. World creation. Nativity.

“Masters of Folk Crafts” - Master. Problematic question. Traditional embroidery. The purpose of a master craftsman. Zhostovo painting. Rostov enamel. The secret of mastery. The master's work is afraid. Craftsmen. Lacquer miniature of Fedoskino. Pottery. N. Poor man. B.I. Koromyslov. Khokhloma. Clay dishes. Painting on wood, birch bark. Khokhloma painting. D. Kuzovlev. Clay products. Find out the meaning of words. Becoming a master.

“Dolls-amulets” - To protect against the shaking sisters and evil fevers, dolls of the same name were made. All dolls are divided into three large groups: gaming, ritual and amulets. Titles. Vepsian doll (protects the baby from damage). Feverish women. Classification of dolls. Ash doll (amulet of home, hearth, comfort). Ten Handles (helped women with various household chores). Doll for mother and child. Tasks. Purpose and application. Bell (amulet of a good mood, so that there is joy and fun in the house).

Mosaic is a decorative, applied and monumental art of various genres, the works of which involve the formation of an image by arranging, setting and fixing on the surface (usually on a plane) multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials.

The history of mosaics dates back to the 2nd half. 4th millennium BC e. the time to which the construction of palaces and temples of the Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia are dated: Uruk, Ur, Eridu. The mosaic was made from baked clay cone sticks 8-10 cm long and 1.8 cm in diameter, which were laid on a clay solution. The image was formed from the ends of these cones, which were painted, usually red, black and white. Geometric motifs were used: rhombus, triangle, zigzag.

By the 8th century. BC e. include early examples of the use of mosaic techniques made from unprocessed pebbles, which constituted one of the stages in the development of mosaic techniques and, at its end, was disparagingly called opus barbaricum by the Romans. Excavations revealed the ornamented pebble floors of Altyn Tepe (eastern Anatolia) and the palace in Arslan-tash (Assyria), but the richest monument is the pebble mosaics of Gordion (Anatolia).

ANTIQUE The first antique mosaics made of untreated pebbles were found in Corinth and dated back to the end. 5th century BC e. These are contour images of people, animals, mythological creatures, decorated with geometric and floral patterns, usually made in white on black, stylistically close to red-figure vase painting. Similar examples of the 4th century. BC e. also found in Olynthos, Sikyon, and Eretria. An important step towards realism was made in the mosaics of Pella (late 4th century BC). The first ancient mosaics made of untreated pebbles were found in Corinth and dated back to the end. 5th century BC e. These are contour images of people, animals, mythological creatures, decorated with geometric and floral patterns, usually made in white on black, stylistically close to red-figure vase painting. Similar examples of the 4th century. BC e. also found in Olynthos, Sikyon, and Eretria. An important step towards realism was made in the mosaics of Pella (late 4th century BC)

The revival of mosaics in Russia was carried out by M. V. Lomonosov. However, Lomonosov's mosaic work was not continued after the death of its creator. The art of mosaic was forgotten again. Therefore, in the 1840s, when the question arose about converting the painted icons for St. Isaac's Cathedral into mosaics, the Russian government had to send graduates of the Imperial Academy of Arts to Rome to study with the masters of the Vatican Mosaic Studio. On the other hand, glass technologists were invited from Rome to St. Petersburg to organize the production of smalt. In 1851, Russian students returned to their homeland, by the same time the Italians had already organized smalt production for them. This year is considered the opening date of the Mosaic Workshop of the Imperial Academy of Arts. Although the workshop was organized specifically for the creation of Isaac's mosaics, which lasted 66 years and was never completed due to revolutionary events, it also carried out other orders: mosaics for the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg, the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on the Waters, ornamental mosaics Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, mosaic portraits of members of the royal family and private orders. The workshop practiced the so-called “direct method” of typesetting, which made it possible to achieve a picturesque realism of the image, but was extremely time-consuming and, accordingly, expensive.

AT MASONRY When laying directly, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. When setting in reverse, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. Laying mosaics: The technique is similar to laying tiles; glue and grout for mosaic joints are available in every hardware supermarket. The base is examined for strength, all defects are identified: cracks, cavities, gravel nests, reinforcement or other foreign objects not included in the design, as well as problem areas, for example, oil stains, loose or insufficiently strong base, voids. The base must be strong, load-bearing, dry, and also level and free of adhesion-reducing agents (for example, additives that reduce adhesion and facilitate the dismantling of formwork), without traces of laitance, dust, dirt, paint residues, worn rubber, etc. If necessary, carry out mechanical cleaning of the base, for example by sandblasting. Before laying the mosaic, the surface must be visually smooth, without sagging, pits and cracks, as well as dry and primed.

INSTALLING MOSAICS ON PAPER Laying begins by applying glue to the prepared surface, after which it is evenly distributed over the entire surface. In most cases, it is recommended to use latex-based adhesives. Mosaic, glued with the opposite side to the paper. Laying must be neat, so the distance between the sheets must correspond to the distance between the tiles; excessive pressure is unacceptable. Upon completion of installation, the sheets must be secured with light blows from a pad with a rubber base. After a day, the paper can be removed with a damp sponge; it will come off. Before grouting the joints, the mosaic surface must be cleaned of any remaining paper and glue, after which the grouting can be done using a rubber float. To grout joints, it is advisable to use a composition recommended by the mosaic manufacturer. Once the grouting is complete, you can clean the mosaic and polish the mosaic surface.

Traditional smalt and natural stone, as well as glass mixtures, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, and metal are used as mosaic materials. The classic design of smalt mosaics still remains the most sophisticated design option for decorative panels for the elite

Smalt has both a number of positive properties (man-made material, a palette of several thousand colors, richness and uniqueness of mosaic shades, glow effect, durability), and features that limit the scope of its application, such as: uneven surface, chipped edges, uneven surface, chipped edges high labor intensity high labor intensity high material cost high material cost

Smalt is colored opaque glass in the form of cubes or plates, used for making mosaics. In addition, each cube is a slightly different shade from the others. Because of this, a large surface lined with smalt of the same color does not look dull.

M ILLEFIORI Millefiori (lit. from Italian "mille fiori" - "thousand flowers") is a type of mosaic glass characterized by special decorative patterns. The name is similar to the French "mille fleurs" - an 18th-century term for porcelain from China and Meissen, the decoration of which is a multitude of finely painted or molded flowers - but the technique of creating millefiori glass is completely different. Millefiori glass is made from layers of small glass plates between different colored layers of glass.

The millefiori technique involves the production of glass rods (also called "murrini rods") with multi-colored designs that are visible only when the rod is cut (the designs are mainly in the shape of flowers, hence the name of the technique). The cross-sectional ornament of such a rod is created in a flame by layering a small number of multi-colored glass threads onto the core of the glass rod and building the ornament on its outer side. Next, the resulting glass rod is heated and, when it becomes flexible, it is stretched into a thinner stick (cane). The ornament itself “shrinks” in scale. After cooling, this rod is cut into the smallest plates, they are again joined together and again stretched into new sticks, and so on until the desired cross-sectional pattern is obtained.

What is mosaic? Mosaic (from Latin (opus) musivum, a work dedicated to the muses) is a decorative, applied and monumental art in which images are composed of multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials. Mosaic (from Latin (opus) musivum, a work dedicated to the muses) is a decorative, applied and monumental art in which images are composed of multi-colored stones, smalt, ceramic tiles and other materials.

A little history Mosaic is an art with a long history. Its origins lie in the ancient Greeks and Romans, who decorated villas and palaces in this way. As a rule, the floors of buildings were laid with mosaics, and the walls were decorated with frescoes. The result was beautiful, majestic spaces. With each empire, mosaic art acquired its own character. Roman mosaics have always been distinguished by large masonry, so despite the complex technique, it lacks sophistication and sophistication. Mosaic is an art with a long history. Its origins lie in the ancient Greeks and Romans, who decorated villas and palaces in this way. As a rule, the floors of buildings were laid with mosaics, and the walls were decorated with frescoes. The result was beautiful, majestic spaces. With each empire, mosaic art acquired its own character. Roman mosaics have always been distinguished by large masonry, so despite the complex technique, it lacks sophistication and sophistication. Pompeii, "Battle of Issus", Alexander.

A little history But the mosaics of Byzantine temples and tombs, on the contrary, are famous for their delicate techniques. In Rus' this art appeared after the adoption of Christianity. But it did not become widespread due to the high price of imported material. Mikhail Lomonosov took up the revival of ancient art; his mosaic panels are kept in the Hermitage and the Russian Museum. Today, the original Moscow mosaic can be seen by going down the metro. But the mosaics of Byzantine temples and tombs, on the contrary, are famous for their delicate techniques. In Rus' this art appeared after the adoption of Christianity. But it did not become widespread due to the high price of imported material. Mikhail Lomonosov took up the revival of ancient art; his mosaic panels are kept in the Hermitage and the Russian Museum. Today, the original Moscow mosaic can be seen by going down the metro. M.V. Lomonosov Portrait of Peter the Great. Moscow, st. Mayakovsky metro station

Making a mosaic Making a mosaic can be divided into the following stages: The art of mosaic is like putting together a puzzle, a kind of picture-riddle that depends only on your skill and imagination. The production of mosaics can be divided into the following stages: Development of a sketch. Sketch development. Preparation of mosaic material. Preparation of mosaic material. Preparing the base for a mosaic or object for decoration. Preparing the base for a mosaic or object for decoration. Transferring the drawing to the base (object). Transferring the drawing to the base (object). Laying mosaic elements on the base and adhesive composition, in accordance with the color scheme of the picture. Laying mosaic elements on the base and adhesive composition, in accordance with the color scheme of the picture. Filling the seams with grout. Filling the seams with grout. Final finishing: removal of excess mortar, washing, sanding, varnishing. Final finishing: removal of excess mortar, washing, sanding, varnishing.

Materials for mosaics Smalt and natural stone, as well as glass, ceramics, and metal are used as mosaic materials. M polymers, eggshells, paper... Smalt and natural stone, as well as glass, ceramics, and metal are used as mosaic materials. You can use alternative options, such as fragments of colored tiles, ordinary colored glass, crockery shards, polymers, eggshells, paper... The mosaic module can be varied - from large to small. The smaller the module, the more picturesque the drawing, but the more work is put into the mosaic. The mosaic module can be varied - from large to small. The smaller the module, the more picturesque the drawing, but the more work is put into the mosaic.

Mosaic set technique Direct set When set directly, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. Thus, at any moment you can see what is happening, and if necessary, you can easily make the necessary corrections. Direct set With direct set, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. Thus, at any moment you can see what is happening, and if necessary, you can easily make the necessary corrections.

Mosaic set technique Reverse set When reverse set, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. During the work, the mosaic is visible only from the back side, and you can evaluate the result only after finishing the fragment, when it is already difficult to make corrections. However, this method is much less labor-intensive. Reverse set In reverse set, the mosaic is assembled on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. During the work, the mosaic is visible only from the back side, and you can evaluate the result only after finishing the fragment, when it is already difficult to make corrections. However, this method is much less labor-intensive.

Eggshell mosaic Eggshell is the most affordable material for mosaics. Eggshell is the most affordable material for mosaics. EggshellEggshell In terms of hardness, it approaches marble, it is perfectly ground and polished, acquiring a pleasant soft shine. To create a mosaic, shells from raw eggs are usually used, which are painted in different colors. In terms of hardness, it is close to marble; it is perfectly ground and polished, acquiring a pleasant soft shine. To create a mosaic, shells from raw eggs are usually used, which are painted in different colors.

Eggshell mosaic By decorating objects with eggshells you can achieve excellent results. You can decorate a wide variety of objects, decorate any surface: from wood to metal, from cardboard to glass. By decorating vases, plates, picture frames, table tops, you will turn ordinary things into unique works of art. By decorating objects with eggshells you can achieve excellent results. You can decorate a wide variety of objects, decorate any surface: from wood to metal, from cardboard to glass. By decorating vases, plates, picture frames, table tops, you will turn ordinary things into unique works of art.

Mosaic of CDs In our computer era, there are few people who do not have at least one CD or DVD. There are also very few people who do not have at least one unnecessary disk. One of the options is to use unnecessary disks and turn them into something useful. You can use a mosaic of disks to cover a box, a flowerpot or a frame around a mirror. With mosaic

The use of mosaics on stairs, landscape objects, garden paths, and in sculptures. In a word, wherever there is an opportunity to enliven traditional and familiar objects with the play of light and color. on stairs, landscape objects, garden paths, in sculptures. In a word, wherever there is an opportunity to enliven traditional and familiar objects with the play of light and color.

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Mosaic technology.
Head: Kupriyanova A.P. - master of the GBU KO POO "KITiS"

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Research topic: MOSAIC TECHNOLOGY
The purpose of the study is to study the technology of mosaic work. The relevance of the research topic is due, firstly, to the recent increase in large-scale production of mosaics, and secondly, to the interest of ordinary people in interior decoration. Objectives: Theoretical study of the issue: - history of the development of mosaics; - main directions in modern mosaic; - modern materials and tools; - various methods in mosaic laying technology. 2. Practical use of acquired knowledge. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the acquired theoretical knowledge, as well as practical skills and abilities will be used in the professional activities of a master of finishing construction works.

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A mosaic is a design made up of small pieces or various materials.
The origin of the word “mosaic” itself is shrouded in mystery. According to one version, it comes from the Latin musivum and is translated as “dedicated to the muses.” According to another, it is just an opus musivum, that is, a type of masonry of a wall or floor made of small stones. Mosaic is the process of connecting pieces of different materials, shapes and sizes, when delightful compositions appear as if from nothing.

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On the territory of Russia, mosaic art arose much later, in the 10th century, and was associated with the adoption of Christianity. The most famous and amazing works of art are the mosaic panels in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev and St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. The mosaic is luxurious and elegant, made of smalt - small modules of colored glass. Reflecting sunlight well, smalt gives off color tints, like the shimmer of precious stones.

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MATERIALS FOR MAKING MOSAICS Glass mosaic Smalt. Ceramic mosaic 4. Tiles 5. Metal 6. Jewelry

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Student works made of stone, ceramics, tiles

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Factory. At the factory, all mosaic tiles are glued onto a thick paper or mesh base - a matrix. Such sheets (usually 322x322 mm) mosaic goes on sale. The matrix simply needs to be applied to a surface coated with glue, and then the paper base is removed with a damp cloth. Matrix. To begin with, a computer design is made in a given number of mosaic colors. Then, through a special program, the drawing is printed in the form of a numbered grid, where each color is assigned its own number. Each sheet is assigned a row and column number in the overall drawing. As a rule, the matrix is ​​made to fit the size of a sheet of A4 paper. Artistic. The sketch is made on a computer, a grid is drawn over the sketch, and the sketch is printed in numbered sheets, each of which is a grid cell. Each of the fragments is placed manually by the master, then, according to the drawing, the mosaic puzzles are attached one by one to the base of the future painting. The mosaic panel is assembled in the artist’s workshop and attached to fiberglass mesh or adhesive paper
MOSAIC TECHNOLOGY

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Panel technology.

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Stage 1 – preparatory. The choice of base, in this case, is a sheet of chipboard, a surface that has been leveled and thoroughly sanded, a design has been prepared on the computer, a frieze (edging) of the design has been made on the base, and the tiles have been sorted by color, size, tone. Stage 2 – laying out a mosaic from pieces of tiles. At the same time, the texture of the facing products, size, shape and color, and type of installation (straight or diagonal rows) were constantly monitored. To do this, the tiles were sawed, adjusted to the required size, and polished. Stage 3 – grouting, jointing. Quality checking. Correction of defective places.

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Advantages of mosaic 1.Minimum starting capital. 2. Manufactured from available materials. 3. Minimum costs to maintain the business in the future. 4. No need to purchase expensive equipment. 5. Production can be carried out in any premises. 6. Mobility of production - if necessary, the product can be moved. Mosaic classes develop creative thinking, imagination, hard work, cognitive activity, independence, attention, observation