Who kills an opponent and kidnaps Lyudmila. Encyclopedia of fairy-tale heroes: "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The main characters of the poem

Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" and its summary introduces the reader to the meaning, plot, as well as the characters of "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by Pushkin. So, Pushkin wrote the work in 1818, and it begins with lines about the sea, a mermaid and a scientist cat on the branches, after which the fairy tale itself begins. The tale consists of six chapters, which the writer called songs.

Characters and heroes of Ruslan and Lyudmila Pushkin

The first song introduces us to such characters as Ruslan, Lyudmila, Prince Vladimir, Ruslan's three rivals - Ratmir, Rogdai, Farlaf. They all gathered at a feast organized in honor of the wedding of Ruslan and Lyudmila. Everyone feasted and had fun until the newlyweds were left alone. This is where the unthinkable happens. Lyudmila disappears. Her father Vladimir promises to give his daughter as a wife only to the one who finds her. So, in addition to Ruslan, his rivals, who were not indifferent to Lyudmila, also go in search of a girl.

Having gone in search of his beloved, Ruslan meets the old magician Finn in the cave, who tells the guy that Lyudmila was stolen by none other than Chernomor. Ruslan spent the night with the wizard. The wizard shared his story of unhappy love for the girl Naina, who is now an evil old sorceress.

Further, Pushkin's fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila" continues with the second song, where we see Rogdai, who decided to kill Ruslan. He goes in search of him. When Rogdai sees the rider, he starts chasing him, but it turned out to be Farlaf. Rogdai goes on, and the old woman Naina comes up to Farlaf and advises him to go home. Wait there for her instructions. Further, Pushkin's poems "Ruslan and Lyudmila" lead us to the palace of Chernomor, where Lyudmila was walking in the garden, and when the dwarf Chernomor came to her, she screamed so much that everyone was frightened and ran away. At the same time, Chernomor drops his invisible hat.

In the third song of Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" we again find ourselves in the castle of Chernomor, where the old woman Naina made her way and who told about the heroes and that she was on his side. The dwarf, rejoicing at such support, dares to go to Lyudmila again, but does not find her anywhere, because the girl put on an invisibility cap.

Ruslan at this time gets on the battlefield, where he sees the dead soldiers. There he encounters a talking head, which he mistook for a hill. The head turned out to be the brother of the dwarf Chernomor. She longs for revenge, which is why she talks about the great power of the sword that she keeps and that she can cut off her beard.

In the fourth song, we see Ratmir, who came across a castle with charms. Fascinated by their beauty, he stays there, forgetting about Lyudmila. And at this time, Lyudmila, with the help of deceit, finds Chernomor and puts her to sleep.

In the fifth song, Ruslan fights Chernomor and cuts off his beard. Having found a sleeping girl and taking a dwarf with him, Ruslan goes to Kyiv. It is there that Lyudmila will be able to wake up. On the way, when Ruslan fell asleep at night, he was killed by Farlaf, who was sent by Naina, saying that his time had come.

In the sixth song, Farlaf brings his daughter to Prince Vladimir, but no one could wake the girl.

At this time, Finn revives Ruslan, who is in a hurry to Kyiv, because the city was attacked by the Pechenegs. On the way, Finn gave Ruslan a ring that should revive the girl. Ruslan bravely fights on the battlefield and defeats the Pechenegs, after which he woke Lyudmila.

Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" ends with a happy ending, a happy feast.

The main idea and essence of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is that with the help of love you can defeat any evil, so Ruslan overcame all obstacles, saved both Lyudmila and his native land.

The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a dedication to the ladies, in which Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin expresses the hope that the poem will be read by them. This is followed by a fabulous opening "At Lukomorye there is a green oak ..."

wedding feast

Song 1 tells about this event. We will begin the description of the brief content with it. The plot of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a feast in Kyiv. This is where the main characters first appear. Prince Vladimir the Sun, whose name is reminiscent of the famous Vladimir the Red Sun, married his youngest daughter Lyudmila to the brave Prince Ruslan. At the feast there were also three rivals of the young spouse, who had previously claimed the hand of Lyudmila - Rogdai, Farlaf and Ratmir.

The kidnapping of Lyudmila

Night fell, and the newlyweds gathered to retire. But as soon as they lay down on the wedding bed, a mysterious voice rang out, and Lyudmila was kidnapped by an unknown sorcerer.

Upon learning of what had happened, the prince-father invited the recent guests of the wedding feast. Vladimir was angry with Ruslan because he did not protect his daughter, and therefore vowed to give Lyudmila as a wife to someone who could save her. The young husband and three of his rivals went to look for the princess. At first they moved in one direction along the banks of the Dnieper, but by the end of the day they went in different directions.

Encounter with a hermit

Ruslan, left alone, soon came across a cave. An old hermit lived there. He revealed to the hero that Lyudmila had been kidnapped by a formidable sorcerer - Chernomor, the ruler of the Midnight Mountains. Due to old age, he could not seize Lyudmila by force, but still kept her captive. The elder also said that Ruslan would defeat the evil wizard, although it would not be easy.

History of the hermit

Even citing a very brief summary of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", it is worth mentioning some of the characters in the background. The hermit told Ruslan about his life. In his youth, he was a Finnish shepherd and passionately fell in love with the beautiful neighbor Naina. But she was too proud and rejected a simple shepherd. The hot young man gathered a squad of brave fellows and for ten years gained the glory of a warrior in raids on neighboring countries. But when he returned to Naina with rich gifts, crowned with military glory, she again rejected him. Then he retired to the forest jungle, where he studied magic, dreaming of using it to win the heart of an impregnable beauty.

So four decades passed. When he finally cast the spell and Naina appeared to him, he was horrified - she became old and ugly. Now Naina could answer him with love, but he no longer wanted to. Then she, offended, vowed to take revenge on her former admirer. It turned out that all these years Naina also studied witchcraft, because, as the old man said, she already knows about his meeting with Ruslan, and he is in danger from an angry sorceress.

Opponent's plans

Rogdai, not forgiving Ruslan good luck in love affairs, decided to kill him, but turning back, he met only Farlaf, who was having dinner in the field. He did not differ in courage and, seeing that Rogdai took him for Ruslan, he wanted to run away as soon as possible. However, while jumping over a ravine, he fell off his horse. Rogdai took out a sword to deal with a hated rival, but saw that it was not Ruslan, turned around and left.

The appearance of Naina

Nearby, Rogdai met a hunchbacked old woman (in fact, it was the sorceress Naina), who showed him the direction in which Ruslan should be looked for. Then Naina appeared to Farlaf, advising him to abandon the search for Lyudmila and retire to his Kiev estate.

Lyudmila at Chernomor

And with Lyudmila the following happened. After Chernomor took her from her wedding bed to his castle, the girl came to her senses only in the morning, in a richly decorated room. The maids respectfully dressed her in a beautiful sundress girded with pearls.

But Lyudmila was not pleased with the surrounding luxury. She yearned for Ruslan and her home. Chernomor had a beautiful large garden, fragrant with overseas flowers, where she could walk, and there she even got the idea to commit suicide by throwing herself from the bridge between the rocks.

Everything in this place was magical - as soon as the girl sat down on the grass, lunch miraculously appeared in front of her. And with the onset of darkness, an unknown force transferred Lyudmila back to the palace, where the maids prepared her bedchamber. When the princess was about to sleep, the door suddenly opened and the beard of Chernomor entered the room - a long line of slaves carried her ahead of the sorcerer.

Behind the beard appeared the sorcerer himself, a disgusting dwarf. Lyudmila squealed in horror, threw off the cap from his head and wanted to strike. From her cry, the Arabs-slaves faded away, and Chernomor wanted to run away, but got tangled in his own beard and collapsed to the ground.

And Ruslan at this time continued on his way. Suddenly, from behind came a cry: "Stop!" Ruslan saw that Rogdai was approaching. They fought for a long time, but in the end Ruslan managed to throw his opponent off his horse and threw him into the Dnieper. According to rumors, Rogdai got to the mermaid, and his ghost for a long time wandered along the coast at night.

Sorcerer's Secret

In the morning, after the inglorious flight from Lyudmila, Chernomor met with Naina, who arrived in the form of a flying kite. Turning into a woman, she made an offer of an alliance against Ruslan and the hermit. Chernomor willingly agreed, telling Naina the secret of his invincibility. The only way to kill him was to cut off his beard.

Song 3 of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" tells about these events. In a brief summary of this part of the work, we will talk about the subsequent adventures of the heroes.

Disappearance of Lyudmila

After Naina flew away, Chernomor again visited the captive princess, but it turned out that she had disappeared. The sorcerer sent slaves to look for her. But where, in fact, could Lyudmila have gone? And she, having become dressed in the morning, saw the cap of Chernomor lying on the floor. Trying it on backwards, the girl found that she had become invisible. So it turned out that the cap is actually a cap of invisibility.

And Ruslan, after defeating Rogdai, went ahead and soon saw a field covered with the remains of the dead and weapons. There he picked up a replacement for his armor and shield, which fell into disrepair after a fight with an opponent. Only the hero did not find a new sword.

Monstrous Head

Driving further, he noticed a mountain from a distance, which seemed to be alive. Nearby, the hero was surprised to see a huge sleeping Head. Ruslan tickled her nose with a spear, and the Head sneezed so hard that she almost blew the hero off his horse. Angry at the man who woke her up, the Head began to blow on him with all her might, and Ruslan was blown into the field by the wind. The hero gathered all his strength and rushed to the Head, pierced her tongue with a spear and hit her cheek so that she rolled to the side. It turns out that there was a sword under it. Ruslan took it and wanted to cut off his nose with ears, but she begged for mercy and told about herself.

Once it was the head of a valiant warrior. For glory and courage, he was hated by the evil younger brother - Chernomor, who owned witchcraft and had a magical beard that gave him invulnerability. One day, an insidious sorcerer told his elder brother about the sword, which, as it is written in the books, is safely stored in a distant country. Chernomor convinced his brother that this sword brings death to both of them, so you need to get it in any way.

The glorious warrior believed his younger brother and set off on the road. Chernomor sat on his shoulder, pointing the way. The sword was eventually found, and there was a dispute as to who should own it. Chernomor went to the trick, offering to lie down on the ground together and listen - a ringing will be heard from it, and the first one who hears it will become the owner of the sword. The naive elder brother agreed, but as soon as he lay down on the ground, Chernomor deprived him of his head. A lot of time passed, and the body of the warrior decayed, but with the help of magic Chernomor made his head immortal and put a wonderful sword to guard.

After the story told, the Head asked Ruslan to take revenge on Chernomor. The sword should have helped.

Adventures of Ratmir

The third rival of Ruslan Ratmir galloped to the south. Suddenly he came across a palace, along the wall of which a girl was walking, inviting travelers. When Ratmir drove up to the gate, he was met by a crowd of girls. They undressed him, took him to the bathhouse and fed him. Ratmir stayed with one of the girls for the night.

And Ruslan tirelessly moved north, looking for his beloved. Along the way, he came across warriors and monsters with whom he had to fight.

Lyudmila's deception

Lyudmila, meanwhile, walked unseen through the gardens and halls of Chernomor. Sometimes she took off her magic hat, teasing the sorcerer's servants who were looking for her. But when they tried to catch her, she instantly disappeared. Chernomor, in anger and annoyance, nevertheless came up with a way to catch the girl. He turned into Ruslan, who had received a wound, and began to plaintively call the princess. Lyudmila, of course, threw herself into his arms, but suddenly she saw that in front of her was not her husband at all, but a hated kidnapper. The girl tried to escape, but Chernomor brought her into a deep sleep. And at that moment, the sound of a horn was heard not far - it was Ruslan who reached the lands of the villain.

Battle

Ruslan challenged Chernomor to a fight. Suddenly, the sorcerer attacked the warrior from the air and began to beat him. Ruslan deftly knocked the wizard down and grabbed his beard. Trying to free himself, Chernomor rushed into the air. Ruslan, on the other hand, hung on the magic beard and did not unhook.

Their flight continued for three days, and the sorcerer began to get tired. No matter how he tried to confuse Ruslan with false speeches, he did not succumb and forced him to take himself to his wife. When Chernomor descended in his garden, Ruslan immediately cut off his witch's beard. But where is Lyudmila? The knight began to look for his beloved, crushing everything around. By chance, he touched the magic hat on Lyudmila's head and saw his wife sound asleep.

Taking his beloved in his arms and putting the sorcerer in a knapsack, Ruslan went back. Passing familiar places, he again met the Head. She, having learned about revenge, finally tried to express to her brother the anger that tormented her and died.

Soon Ruslan met a secluded poor house near an unknown river. There, the beauty was waiting for her husband. He turned out to be a fisherman, and when he landed on the shore, Ruslan recognized him as Ratmir. Although he was the Khazar Khan, for the sake of love, he refused loud fame, wealth, and even twelve beautiful girls he met on the way. The men hugged and talked in a friendly way; Ratmir no longer thought about Lyudmila.

Ruslan's death

And the evil sorceress Naina found Farlaf, who lived in the wilderness, and took him with her to the valley, where the tired Ruslan slept next to Lyudmila. Tom had a bad dream in which Farlaf and Lyudmila appeared to Vladimir at the feast.

The real Farlaf rode up on a horse to Ruslan and pierced him three times with a sword, grabbed the sleeping Lyudmila and left. Ruslan spent the night unconscious, and in the morning, trying to get up, fell down dead.

Return to Kyiv

Farlaf brought Lyudmila to Kyiv. Her father met them and saw that his daughter was sound asleep. Farlaf swore that he himself won it from the goblin from the Murom forests.

The people of Kiev were constantly going to look at the sleeping princess. No matter how hard they tried to wake her up with loud sounds and music, nothing helped. Vladimir was sad. And in the morning a new misfortune happened - the city was besieged by the Pechenegs.

Ruslan's friend, a hermit-sorcerer, already knew about what had happened. With the help of witchcraft, he ended up near magical streams, one of which was with dead water, and the other with living water. The elder filled the jugs, recited a witching spell, transferred to Ruslan and revived him with miraculous waters. Saying goodbye forever, the wizard gave Ruslan a ring that would help wake Lyudmila.

Happy end of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

The inhabitants of Kyiv watched in horror as the enemies besieged the city. The princely combatants could not drive the Pechenegs away. But the next day, the people of Kiev were awakened by an incomprehensible noise - an unknown warrior was chopping down foreigners. The broken Pechenegs fled. The jubilant Kyiv met the hero, who was Ruslan. He hurried to the prince's chamber. Having touched Lyudmila's face with a magic ring, Ruslan woke her up. Happy Prince Vladimir ordered to re-celebrate the marriage of the heroes of the poem Ruslan and Lyudmila. Farlaf, who obeyed, was forgiven, and Chernomor, who had lost his witchcraft power, was taken into the service of the prince.

Pushkin A.S. "Ruslan and Ludmila"

Genre: fairy tale

The main characters of the fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila" and their characteristics

1. Ruslan, a true friend and a good hero. Bold, powerful, direct, courageous, never backs down from his goal.
2. Lyudmila is beautiful and kind. A cheerful prankster who figured out how to annoy Chernomor.
3. Rogdai, a brave and strong warrior, betrays Ruslan
4. Ratmir, a young khan, hot and brave. Falls in love with the beauty in the castle and stays with her.
5. Farlaf, the boastful coward.
6. Vladimir, the prince, tries to be fair
7. Chernomor, the treacherous and soulless dwarf who killed his own brother
8. Finn, a powerful wizard who lost his love and track of time while practicing witchcraft
9. Naina, once a beauty, and now a feisty old woman, a sorceress
10. Head, elder brother of Chernomor, once a mighty warrior, betrayed by his brother.

1. wedding feast
2. The kidnapping of Lyudmila
3. Rivals go looking for
4. Ruslan finds Finn
5. Finn's history
6. Fight with Ratmir
7. Ludmila and Chernomor
8. Invisible hat
9. Death of Ratmir
10. Rothgay's Choice
11. Head
12. magic sword
13. Lyudmila is immersed in sleep
14. Fight with Chernomor
15. Return
16. Farlaf's betrayal
17. resurrection
18. Fight with the Pechenegs
19. Awakening Ludmila
20. Wedding feast.

1. Lyudmila disappears right from the marriage bed, and four rivals go in search of her.
2. Finn tells Ruslan where to look for Lyudmila, Ruslan kills Rothgay and fights with his head.
3. Lyudmila wakes up in Chernomor's palace, finds an invisibility cap and hides from the servants and Chernomor.
4. Ruslan fights in the sky with Chernomor, wins and cuts off his beard.
5. Ruslan returns with a sleeping Lyudmila, sees a happy Ratmir with a girl, Farlaf kills him in a dream.
6. Finn revives Ruslan, he defeats the Pechenegs, wakes up Lyudmila and a feast is played.

What does the fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila" teach
The tale teaches that good will always be stronger than evil, and betrayal will always be punished. That you should always strive for your goal, not give up in the face of difficulties, live according to your conscience. The tale also teaches that love is unpredictable, and the revenge of a deceived woman can be terrible.

Review of the fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
This of course is just a great poem, in which there are many adventures, several different storylines, completely different characters in the characters. It was very interesting to follow the adventures of Ruslan and Lyudmila. I liked this poem very much.

Proverbs to the fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
Love conquers all
For a lover, even a hundred miles is not a distance.
Whoever looks at something, he reaches for that.

Summary, a brief retelling of the tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by song
Song One
The introduction tells about the wonders of Lukomorye, describes a fairy-tale cat on a golden chain, and other fairy-tale heroes are mentioned.
Prince Vladimir marries his daughter Lyudmila for the hero Ruslan. Big celebration with singers. Ruslan's three opponents sit sad - they are Rogdai, Farlaf and Ratmir.
The feast ends, the young go to their chambers and thunder rumbles. Ruslan discovers the loss of Lyudmila.
The prince in grief throws a cry, who will return Lyudmila, and Ruslan, and with him his rivals, set off. Farlaf boasts, Rogdai is sullen and looks angrily at Ruslan, Ratmir is hot.
Rivals disperse in different directions and Ruslan finds a cave. In the cave, the gray-haired old man greets Ruslan and names the kidnapper Lyudmila - the magician of Chernomor. The elder consoles Ruslan, saying that the love of Chernomor is not terrible for Lyudmila and Ruslan lies down to rest.
The old man tells his story. Being young, he fell in love with the beautiful Naina, but she rejected the young Finn. Finn goes across the sea and in battles he gets treasures that he throws at the feet of Naina. But the beauty still does not like the Finn. Then the Finn resorts to witchcraft. He looks for spells and finds them. An old woman Naina appears before him. Turns out it's been 40 years. Naina admits that she is a sorceress and offers her embrace to the old man. But he escapes and has been living in a cave ever since.
Song two.
Rogdai decides to return and kill Ruslan. Farlaf runs away from Rogdai and falls off his horse. Rogdai leaves him and meets an old woman who points Rogdai to the north.
The old woman raises Farlaf and sends him to Kyiv.
Rogdai catches up with Ruslan.
At this time, Lyudmila comes to her senses in a rich bed. Miraculous maidens serve her and dress her. Lyudmila remains inconsolable, despite all the beauty of the palace, despite the luxurious garden. She even thinks about suicide.
Lyudmila lies down on the bed and suddenly a row of black-haired men enter, bearing a beard. Behind them is a hunchbacked dwarf. Lyudmila squeals, grabs the dwarf by the beard and knocks him over. Araps carry away the sorcerer.
Ruslan fights with Rogdai and kills the hope of the people of Kiev.
Song three.
Naina comes to Chernomor, promises death to Ruslan and flies away.
Chernomor goes to Lyudmila, but does not find the beauty and calls the servants. Lyudmila, on the other hand, finds an invisibility cap and becomes invisible.
Ruslan makes his way through a valley full of bones and weapons. Ruslan chooses a shield, sword, chain mail. Ruslan rides on and sees a hill crowned with a living head. Ruslan swears with his head and she starts to blow. Ruslana throws it away, and the head laughs.
Then Ruslan throws a spear and it pierces the tongue of the head. Ruslan runs up to the head and throws it down the hill with a blow. A beautiful sword is found under the head.
Ruslan wants to kill his head, but he hears a plaintive moan.
The head tells that Chernomor was her younger brother and once advised her to get a magic sword. The head took out a sword, but quarreled with Chernomor for the right to own it. But Chernomor deceived his brother and cut off his head, and then by witchcraft forced her to guard the sword. The head calls on Ruslan to take revenge on Chernomor.
Song four.
Ratmir drives up to the castle. He is beckoned by the voice of a magical maiden. He enters the castle, they take him to the bathhouse, he forgets about Lyudmila. He stays with the young girl.
Ruslan continues his journey to the north and winter is approaching.
Lyudmila wanders invisibly through the castle of Chernomor and teases the servants.
Chernomor turns into Ruslan and deceives Lyudmila. Lyudmila gets caught in the net and the dwarf begins to caress her. But then he hears the call and runs away.
Song five.
Ruslan gets to the castle of Chernomor and challenges him to a fight. The dwarf flies around Ruslan and beats him. Ruslan recoils and the dwarf falls into the snow. Ruslan grabs him by the beard. Chernomor lifts Ruslan into the sky, but Ruslan holds him tightly by the beard. Chernomor seduces Ruslan to abandon Lyudmila, but he does not listen to him.
For three days Chernomor wore Ruslan, but at the end he begged for mercy. He takes Ruslan to his palace and Ruslan cuts off his beard. Ruslan is looking for Lyudmila, but does not find her anywhere in the castle. He rushes around the rooms and accidentally knocks the hat off the head of the invisible Lyudmila. Ruslan hugs the sleeping Lyudmila.
The Finn's voice advises him to hurry to Kyiv.
Ruslan with Lyudmila and Chernomor embarks on the return journey. He reaches the Head and shows that Chernomor. The head dies and finds peace.
Ruslan meets Ratmir, who has become a fisherman. They hug and Ratmir says that he is happy with his beauty, and threw the sword.
Naina comes to Farlaf and leads him to Ruslan. While Ruslan is sleeping, Farlaf pierces him three times with a sword, takes Lyudmila and rides to Kyiv.
Song six.
Ruslan lies dead in the forest and the horse roams around him. Chernomor imagines that he is free.
Farlaf brings the sleeping Lyudmila to Kyiv and tells the prince that he recaptured her from the goblin in the Murom forests. But nothing can disturb Lyudmila's sleep. The city is sad. The Pechenegs arrived.
Finn finds Ruslan, sprinkles living and dead water on him and Ruslan comes to life.
Kyiv is under siege by the Pechenegs and Russian knights are dying in an unequal battle. But then Ruslan appears and smashes the Pechenegs. The city rejoices. Farlaf, seeing Ruslan, falls to his knees. Ruslan touches Lyudmila's face with his hand and the girl wakes up.
Farlaf confesses to his crime, but to celebrate he is forgiven. Chernomor, deprived of strength, is taken to the palace, A feast is played.

Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

Ruslan and Lyudmila - a poem by Alexander Pushkin, written in 1818 - 1820. This is his first completed poem, inspired by Russian fairy tales and epics.

In addition, the poet was inspired by other works that somehow left a mark on the work:

1. "Frantic Roland" Ariosto;

2. The works of Voltaire (“The Virgin of Orleans”, etc.);

3. Russian literary tales of Kheraskov, Karamzin, Radishchev, popular print story about Yeruslan Lazarevich;

4. "History of the Russian State", from which, in particular, the names of all three heroes were taken - Farlaf, Rogdai and Ratmir (famous ancient Russian warriors);

5. Zhukovsky's poem "The Twelve Sleeping Maidens".

"Ruslan and Lyudmila", in fact, was a youthful comic reworking of Zhukovsky's poem. The parody was harmless and rather friendly, so Zhukovsky appreciated the creation. However, Pushkin himself in his mature years criticized his youthful experience, noting that he "spoiled" the great poem "for the sake of the mob."

The poem was written in iambic tetrameter, which until now has been used only in “grassroots” poetry. The language of the work is also deliberately reduced and coarsened. Nevertheless, iambic tetrameter, starting from this work, became the main one in Russian poetry.

Prince Vladimir decided to marry his daughter Lyudmila. The groom was also found - the glorious hero Ruslan. They played a wedding, at which there were many guests. All of them rejoiced, except for Ratmir, Farlaf and Rogdai - mighty knights who themselves wanted to get Lyudmila as their wife. After the feast, the young were taken to their chambers, but a terrible wind suddenly rose, thunder rumbled and a voice was heard. Then everything calmed down, but Lyudmila was not on the bed.

The saddened Vladimir ordered to find and return his daughter, and whoever does this will receive her as his wife, and even half the kingdom in addition. Farlaf, Rogdai and Ratmir saw that they had a good opportunity to fulfill their dream, and set off together. At the crossroads, everyone went their own way. Ruslan went separately. He drove up to the cave where the lonely old man lived. He tells Ruslan that he has been waiting for him for a long time.

The old man agrees to help him save Lyudmila. But before that, he tells the story of his life and failed love. He reports that Lyudmila was kidnapped by the insidious Chernomor - an evil sorcerer. Chernomor's friend was Naina, an old woman whom the old man loved in his youth. Naina also turned out to be a witch who was angry at the old man.

Ruslan sets off. But Rogdai begins chasing him, plotting to kill his rival. By mistake, he almost hacked Farlaf to death; then, with the help of the advice of a decrepit old woman, he finds Ruslan on the trail, catches up with him and enters into battle with him. Ruslan wins, kills Rogdai and rides on. He leaves for the field with the scattered remains of warriors, picks up equipment, goes on, then fights with the huge head of the hero. At the last moment, he spared his head, and she, in gratitude, told him about Chernomor, who was her brother.

At this time, Ratmir drove up to a certain castle inhabited by beautiful girls. In their arms he spent the rest of his days. Lyudmila stayed in the castle of Chernomor and waited for her savior. The sorcerer turned out to be a dwarf with a huge beard, which was carried before him by many servants. The castle was located on top of a high mountain, and there were many magical items in it, with which the girl had fun. She even found Chernomor's invisibility cap, with which she teased the servants and hid from the sorcerer himself.

Ruslan finally drove up to the walls of the Chernomor castle. He fought with the sorcerer for two days and two nights, defeated him and cut off his beard, because of which Chernomor lost his witchcraft power. Sleeping Lyudmila Ruslan took with him and went to Kyiv. On the way back, he met Ratmir, who had already found his love. Now he and Ratmir are no longer enemies. Then he decided to rest and fell asleep, and at that time Farlaf found him and killed him. He took the girl with him and left.

An old man appeared from the cave and revived Ruslan with living and dead water. Ruslan goes to Kyiv and finds the city surrounded by the Pechenegs. Alone, he defeats all enemies and goes to the palace of Vladimir, but meets the prince and Farlaf. Farlaf did not expect such a turn and began to repent before the prince, saying that he had killed Ruslan and taken Lyudmila from him. Meanwhile, Ruslan goes to the girl's chambers and awakens him with the help of a magic ring given by the old man. So he confirmed that he was worthy of his beloved.

Poetic fairy-tale work of the outstanding Russian classic of Russian literature Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", was written in the period from 1818 to 1820. The author, impressed by the beauty, diversity and originality of Russian folklore (epics, legends, fairy tales and popular tales), creates a unique poetic work that has become a classic of world and Russian literature, distinguished by a grotesque, fantastic plot, the use of colloquial vocabulary and the presence of a certain amount of authorial irony.

According to some literary critics, the poem was created as a parody of chivalric novels and poetic ballads in the romantic style of Zhukovsky, who was fashionable at that time (the basis was his popular ballad "The Twelve Maidens"), who, after the publication of the poem, presented Pushkin with his portrait with words of gratitude from a defeated teacher for a winning student.

History of creation

(The first edition of "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg. Printing house of N. Grech, 142 p., 1820)

According to some reports, Pushkin conceived the idea of ​​writing this fairy tale poetry with a "heroic spirit" during his lyceum education. But he began to work on it much later, already in 1818-1820. The poetic poem was created under the influence of not only exclusively Russian folklore, here the motives of the works of Voltaire and Ariosto are still clearly felt. The names for some of the characters (Ratmir, Farlaf, Ragdai) appeared after Pushkin read the History of the Russian State.

Analysis of the work

(Near Lukomorye there is a green oak Golden chain on an oak tom.., Chromo-lithography by A.A. Abramov. Moscow, 1890)

In this poetic work, the author skillfully combined antiquity, moments of Russian history and the time in which the poet lived. For example, his image of Ruslan is akin to the image of the legendary Russian heroes, he is just as brave and courageous, but Lyudmila, thanks to her some carelessness, coquettishness and frivolity, on the contrary, is closer to the young ladies of the Pushkin era. The most important thing for the poet was to show in the work the triumph of good over evil, the victory of a bright beginning over dark, gloomy forces.

After the poem appeared in print in 1820, it almost immediately brought the poet well-deserved fame. Distinguished by lightness, irony, sublimity, grace and freshness, it was a deeply original work in which various genres, traditions and styles were talentedly mixed, immediately captivating the minds and hearts of readers of that time. Some critics condemned the use of deliberately folk phrases in the poem; not everyone understood the author's unusual technique and his unusual position as a narrator.

Story line

The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is divided into six parts (songs), it begins with lines where the author talks about who this work is dedicated to, and it is intended for beautiful girls, for the sake of which this fairy tale was written. Then comes the well-known description of the magical country Lukomorye, the green oak growing there and the mythical creatures living there.

First song begins with a story about a feast in the palace of the Kyiv prince Vladimir the Red Sun, dedicated to the wedding of his daughter, the beautiful Lyudmila, and the brave young hero Ruslan. There is also the legendary epic singer and storyteller Bayan, as well as Ruslan's three rivals Ratmir, Ragdai and Farlaf, who are also in love with Lyudmila, they are evil of the newly-born groom, full of envy and hatred for him. Here misfortune happens: the evil sorcerer and dwarf Chernomor kidnaps the bride and takes her to his enchanted castle. Ruslan and three rivals move out of Kyiv in search of her, in the hope that whoever finds the prince's daughter will receive her hand and heart. On the way, Ruslan meets the elder Finn, who tells him the story of his unhappy love for the girl Naina and shows him the way to the terrible sorcerer Chernomor.

Second part (song) tells about the adventures of Ruslan's rivals, about his clash and victory over Ragday, who attacked him, and also describes the details of Lyudmila's stay in Chernomor's castle, her acquaintance with him (Chernomor comes to her room, Lyudmila gets scared, squeals, grabs him by the cap and he flees in terror).

In the third song a meeting of old friends is described: the wizard Chernomor and his friend the sorceress Naina, who comes to him and warns him that the heroes are coming to him for Lyudmila. Lyudmila finds a magic hat that makes her invisible and hides all over the palace from an old and nasty sorcerer. Ruslan meets the giant head of the hero, defeats it and takes possession of the sword that can kill Chernomor.

In the fourth song Radmir refuses to search for Lyudmila and stays in the castle with young charmers, and only one faithful warrior Ruslan stubbornly continues his journey, which becomes more and more dangerous, on the way he meets with a witch, a giant and other enemies, they try to stop him, but he firmly goes to its purpose. Chernomor fraudulently catches Lyudmila, dressed in an invisibility cap, in magic nets and she falls asleep in them.

Fifth song tells about the arrival of Ruslan in the halls of the wizard, and about the heavy battle between the hero and the villain-dwarf, who wears Ruslan on his beard for three days and three nights, and, in the end, surrenders. Ruslan captivates him, cuts off his magic beard, throws the sorcerer into a sack and goes to look for his bride, whom the vile dwarf hid well, putting on an invisibility cap. Finally, he finds her, but cannot wake her up, and in such a sleepy state he decides to take her to Kyiv. On the night road, Farlaf surreptitiously attacks him, seriously injures him and takes Lyudmila away.

In the sixth song Farlaf brings the girl to his father and tells everyone that he found her, but he still cannot wake her up. Elder Finn saves and revives Ruslan with living water, he hurries to Kyiv, which was just attacked by the Pechenegs, bravely fights with them, removes witchcraft from Lyudmila and she wakes up. The main characters are happy, a feast is arranged for the whole world, the dwarf Chernomor, who has lost his magical power, is left in the palace, in general, good will dine evil and justice will triumph.

The poem ends with a lengthy epilogue, in which Pushkin tells readers that with his work he glorified the traditions of ancient times, says that in the process of work he forgot about all insults and forgave his enemies, in which friendship helped him a lot, which is of great importance for the author .

Main characters

The hero Ruslan, the groom of the prince's daughter Lyudmila, is the central character of Pushkin's poem. The description of the trials that fell to his lot, withstood with honor and great courage in the name of saving his beloved, forms the basis of the entire storyline. The author, inspired by the exploits of Russian epic heroes, depicts Ruslan not only as the savior of his beloved, but also as a defender of his native land from nomadic raids.

Ruslan's appearance, described with special care, should fully, according to the author's intention, convey his conformity to the heroic image: he has blond hair, symbolizing the purity of his plans and the nobility of the soul, his armor is always clean and shiny, as befits a knight in brilliant armor, always ready for battle. At the feast, Ruslan is completely absorbed in thoughts about his future marriage and ardent love for his bride, which does not allow him to notice the envious and evil looks of his rivals. Against their background, he compares favorably with purity and directness of thoughts, sincerity and sensuality. Also, the main character traits emerge during his journey to the Chornomor castle, he manifests himself as an honest, decent and generous person, a brave and courageous warrior, purposefully and stubbornly moving towards his goal, a faithful and devoted lover, ready to even die for his love.

In the image of Lyudmila Pushkin, he showed a portrait of the ideal bride and lover, who faithfully and faithfully waits for her fiance and misses him immensely. The prince's daughter is depicted as a thin, vulnerable nature, possessing special tenderness, sensitivity, elegance and modesty. At the same time, this does not prevent her from having a firm and rebellious character, which helps her resist the evil sorcerer Chernomor, gives her strength and courage and does not obey the vile kidnapper and faithfully wait for her deliverer Ruslan.

Quotes

Find out, Ruslan: your offender

Wizard terrible Chernomor,

Beauties old thief,

Midnight owner of the mountains.

Things of bygone days

legends of antiquity deep ..

There, King Kashchei languishes over gold;

There is a Russian spirit ... there it smells of Russia! author A.S. Pushkin

Features of compositional construction

The genre of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" refers to novels and poems of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, gravitating towards creativity in the "national" spirit. It also reflects the influence on the author of such trends in literature as classicism, sementalism, and chivalric romance.

Following the example of all magical knightly poems, this work has a plot built according to a certain pattern: hero knights are looking for their beloved, kidnapped by some mythical villain, overcome a series of trials for this, armed with certain talismans and magical weapons, and in the end they receive a hand and beauty heart. The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is built in the same vein, but it is distinguished by amazing grace, freshness, subtle wit, brightness of colors and a slight train of epicureanism, characteristic of many works written by Pushkin during his studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. It is the author's ironic attitude to the content of the poem that cannot give this work a real "national" color. The main advantages of the poem can be called its light and beautiful form, playfulness and witty style, perkyness and cheerfulness of the general mood, a bright thread running through all the content.

Pushkin's fairy tale poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", cheerful, light and witty, became a new word in the established literary traditions of writing heroic ballads and poems, it was very popular among readers and caused a great resonance among literary critics. No wonder Zhukovsky himself admitted his complete failure, and gave the branch of championship to the young talent of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who, thanks to this work, took a leading position in the ranks of Russian poets and became famous not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders.