Biography of Mayakovsky. Highlights from the life of the poet. Mayakovsky's work in brief: main themes and works Brief message Mayakovsky's life and work
Russian poet. In pre-revolutionary creativity, the confession of a poet forced to a cry, perceiving reality as an apocalypse (the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", 1913, the poems "A Cloud in Pants", 1915, "Flute-spine", 1916, "War and Peace", 1917). After 1917 - the creation of a myth about the socialist world order (the play "Mystery-Buff", 1918, the poems "150,000,000", 1921, "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", 1924, "Good!", 1927) and the tragically growing sense of its depravity (from verse "Seated", 1922, before the play "Bath", 1929). In the poem "Out loud" (1930) affirmation of the sincerity of one's path and the hope of being understood in the "communist far away". A poetic language reformer, he had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Committed suicide.
Biography
Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet.
Born on July 7 (19 NS) in the village of Baghdadi, near Kutaisi, in the family of a forester, a man of progressive views, humane and generous. He studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium (1902 - 06). Then for the first time I read revolutionary poems and proclamations. “Poems and revolution somehow united in my head,” the poet later wrote.
In the turbulent 1905, a twelve-year-old schoolboy took part in demonstrations and a gymnasium strike.
In 1906, after the sudden death of his father, the family moved to Moscow, where Mayakovsky continued his education. However, he soon took up serious revolutionary work, was arrested three times (in 1909 he was imprisoned in Butyrka prison). Released from prison as a minor in 1910, he decided to devote himself to art, entered the studio of the artist P. Kelin to prepare for exams at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he began to study in 1911. Here he met D. Burdyuk, the organizer of a group of Russians futurists. From 1912 he began to publish his poems, becoming a professional poet. Published in futuristic almanacs. For participating in public speaking, he was expelled from the school in 1914.
In the same year, he traveled with a group of futurists to seventeen cities in RUSSIA, promoting the new art among the masses. However, in his work, Mayakovsky already in these years was independent and original. In 1915 he created his best pre-revolutionary poem "A Cloud in Pants" about the belief in the inevitability of an imminent revolution, which he expected as a solution to the most important problems of the country and the determination of personal destiny. The poet even tries to predict the timing of her arrival (“In the crown of thorns of revolutions // The sixteenth year is coming”).
The poems of 1916 sound gloomy and hopeless, making up a special cycle (“Tired”, “Giveaway”, “Darkness”, “Russia”, etc.).
Gorky invited Mayakovsky to cooperate in the Chronicle magazine and the Novaya Zhizn newspaper, and helped in the publication of the second collection of poems, Simple as Lowing. During these years, Mayakovsky created the poems "War and Peace" and "Man", where, as it were, an anti-war panorama is presented.
He called the October Revolution “My Revolution” and was one of the first cultural and artistic figures who responded to the call of the Soviet government to cooperate with it; participated in the first meetings and gatherings of representatives of culture. At this time, he publishes "Our March", "Ode to the Revolution", "Left March". The play "Mystery-buff" was written and staged. During 1919 he worked on the poem "150,000 LLC".
In October 1919, he produced the first posters in the ROSTA Windows, which marked the beginning of his work as an artist and poet (until 1921).
In 1922 - 1924 he made his first trips abroad (Riga, Berlin, Paris, etc.), the impressions of which he will describe in essays and poems.
In 1925 he went on his longest journey - overseas: he visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months performed in various US cities with reading poetry and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection "Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America.") And the essay "My Discovery of America."
Of great importance in the life of the poet were trips around his native country. Only in 1927 he performed in 40 cities in addition to Moscow and Leningrad. In 1927, the poem "Good!" appeared.
Dramaturgy occupies an important place in his work. He created the satirical plays Bedbug (1928), Bathhouse (1929). In February, Mayakovsky joined the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), for which many of his literary associates broke off relations with him. On the same days, the exhibition "20 Years of Mayakovsky's Work" was opened, which was not successful due to the deliberate isolation of the poet. His personal life also remained difficult and unsettled. Mayakovsky's health and mood in the spring of 1930 deteriorated sharply.
>Biographies of writers and poets
Brief biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky
Vladimir Mayakovsky is one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century. He was also a brilliant playwright, screenwriter, artist and magazine editor. He was born on July 19, 1893 in the Georgian village of Baghdati as a forester. The writer's grandmother was related to the writer G.P. Danilevsky. Vladimir received his primary education at the Kutaisi gymnasium. As a teenager, he participated in various revolutionary demonstrations and agitations. In 1906, his father died of blood poisoning by accident with a needle. After that, Vladimir developed bacteriophobia and hatred for all kinds of pins for life. Then his family moved to Moscow, where he entered the classical gymnasium.
The first poem of the young Mayakovsky appeared in the illegal edition of the Impulse. In Moscow, he made friends with revolutionary-minded youth, participated in agitation and was fond of Marxism. In his youth, he was arrested several times. In 1911, inspired by the bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, he became interested in painting and even studied at the studios of the Stroganov School. In 1913, the first collection of the poet entitled "I" was published. A few years later he turned to dramaturgy, and the stage tragedy Vladimir Mayakovsky appeared. In 1915, he met his muse and love of all life - Lilia Brik.
Mayakovsky guessed that revolution was not far off. For this reason, many of his poems during this period were saturated with tragedy. For example, "Cloud in Pants", "War and Peace". He worked hard on poems for "squares and streets", that is, appeals to the broad masses. In 1918-1919, the Ode to the Revolution and the Left March, glorifying the revolution, were published. Since 1919, he actively participated in the activities of the Russian telegraph agency ROSTA. In 1924, the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" was published. During this period, he worked in the newspapers Komsomolskaya Pravda and Izvestia. In the last years of his life, Mayakovsky wrote the satirical plays The Bathhouse and The Bedbug and began working on the poem Out loud. In April 1930, the poet, unable to bear the internal conflict, committed suicide. Mayakovsky is buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a talented and one of the most famous poets of the 20th century. Interesting facts about Mayakovsky will tell about the versatility of his personality. This man, without exaggeration, had a huge artistic talent. But some events of his fate have remained a mystery to this day.
1. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born in Georgia.
2. Three times in his entire life, Mayakovsky was arrested.
3. This poet enjoyed great success with women.
4. Despite her marriage to another man, Lily Yuryevna Brik was the main muse and woman in Mayakovsky's life.
5. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was never officially married, but he had two children.
6. Mayakovsky's dad died from blood poisoning. And it was after this tragedy that Mayakovsky himself was always afraid of catching an infection.
7. Mayakovsky always carried a soap dish with him and washed his hands regularly.
8. The invention of this person is a poem, which is written with a "ladder".
10. Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which makes it possible to judge his love of gambling.
11. In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days before.
12. The coffin for this poet was made by the sculptor Anton Lavinsky.
13. Mayakovsky had two sisters and two brothers. The first brother died at a very young age, and the second - at 2 years old.
14. Personally, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.
16. The genealogy of Mayakovsky's parents went back to the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks.
17. Mayakovsky always treated the elderly generously and with kindness.
18. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to needy old people.
19. Dogs really liked Mayakovsky.
20. Mayakovsky created the first poems at a young age.
21. Mayakovsky usually composed poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.
22. The body of the deceased poet was cremated.
23. Family Brik Mayakovsky bequeathed all his own creations.
24. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice in an anti-religious campaign, where he promoted atheism.
25. For the creation of the "ladder", many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.
27. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from a Russian emigrant, Elizabeth Siebert, who died in 2016.
29. While in prison, he never ceased to show his complex character.
30. Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.
31. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky did not like futurists.
33. Mayakovsky's creations have been translated into different languages of the world.
34. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born into a family of mixed classes.
35. Due to the fact that Mayakovsky's parents did not have money, the boy only finished his studies up to the 5th grade.
36. The main needs of Mayakovsky were travel.
37. The poet had many not only admirers, but also enemies.
39. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky committed suicide at the age of 36, and he prepared for it for a long time.
40. Mayakovsky met the liberal-democratic intelligentsia while studying at the Kutaisi gymnasium.
41. In 1908, Mayakovsky was expelled from the Moscow gymnasium due to a lack of money from the family.
42. Mayakovsky and Lilia Brik never hid their relationship, and Lilia's husband was not against such an outcome of events.
43. Mayakovsky's bacteriophobia formed after the death of his father, who pricked himself with a pin and introduced the infection.
44. Brik always asked Mayakovsky for expensive gifts.
45. Mayakovsky's life was connected not only with literature, but also with cinema.
46. Mayakovsky's works began to be published in major publications only in 1922.
47. Tatyana Yakovleva - another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.
48. Veronika Polonskaya, his last woman, was a witness to the death of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.
49. The death of Mayakovsky was only in the hands of Lilia Brik, who received a cooperative apartment and money as an inheritance from the poet.
50. In his youth, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky took part in revolutionary demonstrations.
52. In 1917, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had to lead a detachment of 7 soldiers.
53. In 1918, Mayakovsky had to star in 3 films of his own script.
54. Mayakovsky considered the years of the Civil War to be the best time of his life.
55. Mayakovsky's longest journey was a trip to America.
56. For a long time, Polonskaya was considered the culprit of Mayakovsky's death.
57. From Mayakovsky, Polonskaya was also pregnant, who did not destroy her married life and had an abortion.
58. Dramaturgy also attracted Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.
59. The poet created 9 screenplays.
60. After the death of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, his creations were strictly prohibited.
I like it I don't like it
The great poet was born on July 19, 1893 in the village of Baghdati in Georgia, therefore he was fluent in the Georgian language in the future. He was tall (189 cm), grew up in the family of a forester who had 5 children. The author's sisters were Lyudmila and Olga, and the author's brothers, Konstantin and Alexander, unfortunately died in childhood.Brief chronological table of the most important dates
- July 19, 1893- the birth of a poet.
- 1902 - Admission to high school.
- 1906 - moving to Moscow, continuing his studies at the gymnasium.
- 1908 - the poet is expelled from the educational institution.
- 1911 - on the advice of a friend, he entered the school of painting.
- 1912 - publication of the verse "Night".
- 1913 - publication in the Jewish magazine "Sunrise" of the verse "Jews!".
- 1913-1915 - release of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, exit “”.
- 1923 - Left Front.
- 1927 - The poem “Good!” is published, telling about the best time.
- April 14, 1930- suicide of Vladimir Mayakovsky.
Education and early years
V. Mayakovsky studied at the local gymnasium. The father died from blood poisoning with a simple needle, which affected V. Mayakovsky's further perception of sharp things - he avoided various pins and similar objects in every possible way, so as not to repeat the fate of his father. Later, together with his family, he moved to Moscow, where he continued to study at the gymnasium. He managed to participate in a revolutionary picket. When Vladimir was in the 5th grade - this is 1908, he was expelled (the family did not have money to pay for further education).Important! Since childhood, Vladimir determined the direction in creativity. The guy was brought by the course of life into a literary circle, which he attended during breaks from studies. At that time Mayakovsky wrote his first semi-poem, which was published in the illegal Gymnasium journal Impulse.
Arrest
After Mayakovsky was expelled from the gymnasium, he decided to join. The poet led a rebellious life, and he was often arrested for various antics. But since Vladimir was still a minor, he was always released. Bottom line - he is stillended up in Butyrka prison for almost a year, where he continued to write poetry. After leaving Butyrka, the guy leaves the party. He closely communicates with Eugenia Lang, who advises the poet, who has not yet taken place, to take up painting. Mayakovsky listens to the advice and enters the school of painting. Then he finds new friends, joins the Gileya cubo-futurist team.War years and revolution
At the beginning of the war, Vladimir Mayakovsky really wanted to go to serve as a volunteer, but they did not want to take him into the army because of political motives. He publishes the poem “To you”, where he speaks with a protest text about the structures of the tsarist army. When he was later called up, his ardor to shed blood for the Fatherland subsided, and his friends helped him “hide” by attaching him as a draftsman to an engineer in the auto company. During Mayakovsky, together with the soldiers, he arrests the director of the driving school, P. Secretev, who had previously personally presented him with the medal “For Diligence”.
Creation
The poet's works began to be published in 1912. The first printed creation was the verse "Night". In the artistic basement "Stray Dog" in the same year, on November 30, the poet's public performance took place for the first time. In 1913, Mayakovsky's first collection was published under the title "I". True, the collection included only 4 works of the author. It was published in the Jewish magazine "Voskhod" with the poem "Jews!". A little later, the verse “Nate!”, Dedicated to the entire “high society”, came out. And just a year later, readers are shocked by another work - “Listen”, written in an unusual style for Mayakovsky. A year later, the poet released the tragedy of the same name, he created it himself and took part in the filming. At a reception with Lily Brik, the author reads for the first time a new verse - “A Cloud in Pants”, which, perhaps, became one of his main works of that time, along with the brilliant “War is declared”.Important! He helped Mayakovsky in every possible way and got him into a military automobile training school, where he served in wartime. And Osip Brik contributed to the publication when the poet was not allowed to do so. He bought two of Vladimir's poems, and later published them.During the revolutionary period, he published several collections of relevant topics - “Revolution. Poetochronika” and “Simple as lowing”. A little later, poems were published that were directly related to politics - “Good attitude towards horses”, “Left march”, “Order for the army of art”. Of the most famous plays, one can single out “Mystery Buff” (1918-1919).
Mayakovsky - director, artist and screenwriter
Mayakovsky was still a very good director and screenwriter. At that time, cinema was only at the stage of discovering opportunities, but the poet intuitively felt the full potential of the development of this direction, which he talked about. Poetry and cinematic experiments of V. Mayakovsky are closely connected with each other by rhythm and images. In his scripts and productions, there is a generalization, monumentality, and in some moments, an eccentricity characteristic of his innovative and rough character. In 1918, V. Mayakovsky starred in films. They were according to his own scripts:- “Not born for money”;
- "Shackled by the film";
- "The young lady and the hooligan".
Controversy between Mayakovsky and Yesenin
Since 1920, Mayakovsky has been actively competing with, who is an equally iconic figure in Russian literature. They often have verbal skirmishes with angry, radical expressions. But Vladimir cannot fail to note Sergei's unconditional talent, although he reproaches the latter for excessive alcohol consumption and conservatism.Literary heritage of the travel period
In peacetime, Vladimir Mayakovsky traveled frequently. For the period from 1923 to 1925. he visited many countries, among which were Latvia, Germany, France. During his stay in the USA, he wrote a couple of "American" poems: "American Russians", "Broadway", "Brooklyn Bridge". In the same period, the amazing poem “Good!” and the magnificent work “Whom to be?”, the verse “The Secret of Youth”, well received by critics. Mayakovsky continues to write plays and screenplays. In just a year, he manages to create about 9 scenarios and several memorable plays: "Bath" and "Bug". The last public was not very rosy.Negative comments appeared in the newspapers, and then the text: “Down with Mayakovism!”.Creative exhibition
Despite the negative characterization of his work, which so often appears in print media, Mayakovsky nevertheless decided in 1930 to organize a retrospective exhibition “20 Years of Work”. All famous creative people of that time were invited to it. But the exhibition failed with a crash, as a result - the poet fell into a terrible depression.
Personal life
Lilya Brik became the beloved of the great poet, he dedicated to her a stunning, sensual verse “Lilichka”. Not everyone will understand the history of this love even today, because Lily had a husband, but he turned a blind eye to all the antics of his wife. Together with Mayakovsky, Lilya starred in the film Chained by Film, and after that they began to live together. The poet often spoiled her with various expensive gifts, for example, one of them is a Renault car. Vladimir Mayakovsky also met with Lily Brik's sister, Elsa Triolet. The poet was very fond of women, and already in 1921 the artist Lilya Lavinskaya became pregnant from him. She bore him a son with a double name - Gleb-Nikita. In response, women also loved Mayakovsky - fleeting novels happened to him all the time. But again, only one woman, an emigrant Ellie Jones, was able to give him a child. Soon a girl was born - Elena Mayakovskaya (Patricia Thompson). The poet met for quite a long time with Tatyana Yakovleva, with whom he began to communicate during his visit to France. She did not want to move to her lover in Moscow, so Vladimir decided to act decisively. He himself intended to go to her, but he was not given a visa, and all his dreams turned into ashes. Finally, Mayakovsky met with another married lady - Veronika Polonskaya, who did not dare to leave her husband, since the poet was fickle. The girl became pregnant from Vladimir, but had an abortion, because she did not want to destroy the family idyll.
Death
The events of 1930 greatly crippled the poet. He did not get out of lingering sadness and depression, he sat at home, and, despite numerous women, he missed his beloved Brika, who at that time was traveling with her husband around Europe. On April 14, 1930, Vladimir Mayakovsky committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest. He was only 36 years old. Nobody knows the final versions of death, there are only guesses. It was clear that he was preparing for this fateful day, because on the eve he wrote a note asking him not to blame anyone for what happened, and to transfer all the poems to Lily Brik.Important! The last person Mayakovsky saw before his death was Veronika Polonsky. As soon as the girl left the house, closing the door behind her, a shot followed. Veronika Polonskaya did not even come to the funeral, because she could not look at the relatives and friends of the deceased, who considered her the culprit of suicide.He was buried (according to the conditions of Brikov), cremated, burying the ashes in a grave at the Novodevichy cemetery. Upon learning of what had happened, soon there was a strict ban on the publication of his poems. Lilya Brik wrote a letter to I. Stalin himself with a request to properly honor the memory of the great poet. He responded to the request with approval, creating in 1937 a museum in his honor and allowing the publication.
- The poet never marriedbut, nevertheless, had two children.
- He invented a special style of writing poetry - "Ladder".For this, many considered him a deceiver, because in the newspapers at that time they paid not for the number of characters, but for the lines.
- Vladimir Mayakovsky was very fond of gambling,and many are still convinced that they killed the poet.
- The poet liked to compose poems on the go.Sometimes he walked the streets for hours, just to find the right rhyme.
- Lilya Brik inherited an apartment and corporate money after the death of Vladimir Mayakovsky,which he asked to be done in his suicide note.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a truly outstanding personality. A talented poet, playwright, screenwriter and actor. One of the most striking and odious figures of his time.
He was born on July 19, 1893 in the Georgian village of Baghdati. The family had five children: two daughters and three sons, but of all the boys, only Vladimir survived. The boy studied at a local gymnasium, and then at a school in Moscow, where he moved with his mother and sister. By that time, his father was no longer there: he died of blood poisoning.
During the revolution, hard times came for the family, there was not enough money, and there was nothing to pay for Volodya's education. He did not finish his studies, and later joined the Social Democratic Party. For political beliefs and participation in riots, Mayakovsky was arrested more than once. It was in prison that the first lines of the great poet were born.
In 1911, the young man decided to continue his studies at the school of painting, however, his teachers did not appreciate his work: they were too peculiar. During his studies, Mayakovsky became close to the Futurists, whose work turned out to be close to him, and in 1912 he published the first poem "Night".
In 1915, one of the most famous poems, "A Cloud in Pants", was written, which he first read at a reception at Lily Brik's house. This woman became his main love and his curse. All his life he loved and hated her, they broke up and rekindled countless times. The poem dedicated to her, Lilichka, is one of the most powerful and touching declarations of love in modern literature. In addition to Lilia, there were many other women in the life of the poet, but not one of them was able to touch those strings of the soul with which Lilichka played so skillfully.
In general, Mayakovsky's love lyrics did not attract; his main attention was occupied by politics and satire on topical topics. The poem "Seated" is perhaps one of the most striking demonstrations of Mayakovsky's satirical talent. What is important, the plot of the poem is relevant to this day. In addition, he writes many scripts for films and starred in them himself. The most famous film that has survived to this day is The Young Lady and the Hooligan.
The theme of revolution occupies a huge place in the creative heritage of the poet. The poet enthusiastically perceived what was happening, although at that time he had a very difficult time financially. At this time, he wrote "Mystery-buff". Almost until his death, Mayakovsky glorifies Soviet power, and for its 10th anniversary, he writes the poem "Good."
(Painting by Vladimir Mayakovsky "Roulette")
With his works glorifying the revolution and Comrade Lenin, Mayakovsky toured Europe and America a lot. He draws satirical and propaganda posters, works in several publishing houses, including ROSTA Windows of Satire. In 1923, together with several associates, he created the LEF creative studio. One after another, in 1928 and 1929, two famous plays by the author, Bedbug and Bathhouse, were published.
Mayakovsky's calling card was the unusual style he invented and the poetic meter in the form of a ladder, as well as many neologisms. He is also credited with the glory of the first advertiser of the USSR, because he stood at the origins of this direction, created masterpiece posters calling for the purchase of a particular product. Each drawing was accompanied by uncomplicated, but sonorous verses.
(G. Egoshin "V. Mayakovsky")
A large place in the poet's lyrics is occupied by children's poems. Big uncle Mayakovsky, as he called himself, writes surprisingly touching lines for the younger generation and personally speaks with them to young listeners. The poem “Whom to be” or “What is good and what is bad” was known by heart to every Soviet, and after that Russian schoolchild. Many critics noted the author's amazing artistic style and his ability to simply and clearly express far from childish thoughts in a language accessible to kids.
However, like many poets of the 20th century, Mayakovsky did not hide the fact that he was disappointed in the chosen direction. Towards the end of his life, he moved away from the circle of futurists. The new government headed by Stalin did not at all inspire his creative potential, and more and more severe censorship and criticism fell upon him over and over again. His exhibition "20 Years of Work" was ignored by politicians and even friends and colleagues. This markedly crippled Mayakovsky, and the subsequent failure of his plays only exacerbated the situation. Failures on the love front, in creative activity, refusal to travel abroad - all this affected the emotional state of the writer.
On April 14, 1930, the poet shot himself in his room, contrary to the lines he once wrote: “And I won’t go out into the flight, and I won’t drink poison, and I won’t be able to pull the trigger over my temple ...”
