Important dates in Yesenin's life. Yesenin S.A. Key dates of life and work. The flourishing of the poet's career

Chronological table of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin and received the best answer

Answer from
September 21, 1895

1904

1912

Summer 1912

1913

December 21, 1914

1915

Beginning of 1916

April 1916

Spring 1917
Meets Zinaida Reich.
1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923
The marriage broke up.
1924

February 27, 1925

February 28, 1925
According to the official version, Sergei Yesenin committed suicide, according to the unofficial version, he was killed by the special services. This sad event took place at the Angleterre Hotel.

Answer from Gennady Dedik[guru]
Everything is true, except that he was bisexual and, in addition to women, he also lived with men. And for a long time and without hiding it from everyone.

Answer from Arina Fatinko[newbie]
September 21, 1895
Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin was born in the village of Konstantinovo.
1904
Sergei Yesenin's parents send him to the Konstantinovsky School
1912
He comes to Moscow to work as a proofreader in a printing house.
Summer 1912
He wrote a collection of poems, “Sick Thoughts.”
1913
Sergei meets Anna Romanovna Izryadnova.
December 21, 1914
Sergei Yesenin becomes a father - his son Yuri is born.
1915
He goes to Petrograd, where he meets such personalities as: Blok, Gorodetsky, Klyuev.
Beginning of 1916
Publishes his first collection of poems “Radunitsa”.
April 1916
Sergei Yesenin is drafted into the army. In the army he serves on an ambulance train.
Spring 1917
Meets Zinaida Reich.
1918
In Petrograd, Sergei Alexandrovich publishes his second collection of poems, “Dove”. A little later he published the book “Transfiguration”, and even later the poem “Ionia”.
1919
Sergei Yesenin becomes one of the creators of Russian imagism.
1920
Sergei Alexandrovich meets Nadezhda Volpin. In the same year he wrote the dramatic poem “Pugachev”, as well as the poems “Song of the Great March”, “Anna Snegina”, “Departing Rus'” and “Soviet Rus'”. A collection of poems “Moscow Tavern” is being published.
1921
Yesenin meets his future wife Isadora Duncan.
1922
The poet goes to Berlin, and then to France. Upon his return, Sergei Yesenin marries Isadora Duncan.
1923
The marriage broke up.
1924
Goes on a trip to Transcaucasia. He writes poems “Letter to a Mother”, “Letter to a Woman”, publishes the collection “Persian Motifs”.
February 27, 1925
Yesenin manages to write his last work, “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...”.
February 28, 1925
According to the official version, Sergei Yesenin committed suicide, according to the unofficial version, he was killed by the special services. This sad event happened

Answer from Victor Borovkov[active]
Key dates in the life and work of S. A. Yesenin
1895, September 21 (October 3, new style) - Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born in the village of Konstantinov, Kuzminsky volost, Ryazan district, Ryazan province.
1904, September - Entered the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo four-year school. Wrote the first poems.
1905, November 22 - Sister Catherine was born.
1909, May - Graduated from the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School with a certificate of merit.
September - Entered the second-grade church-teacher school Spas-Klepikovskaya.
1911, March 16 - Sister Alexandra was born.
1912, March-April - Wrote the poem “The Legend of Evpatiy Kolovrat, of Khan Batu, the flower of the Three-Handed One, of the black idol and our Savior Jesus Christ.”
May - Graduated from the second-grade Spas-Klepikovsky school. Received a certificate of awarding the title of teacher of a literacy school. Prepared a book of poems “Sick Thoughts”.
July - Left the village of Konstantinov for Moscow.
Autumn - Joined the competitive members of the Surikov literary and musical circle.
1913, March - Joined the printing house of the partnership of I. D. Sytin (on an expedition, then in a proofreading room).
He worked on the creation of the poem “Tosca” and the dramatic poem “The Prophet” (texts unknown).
September - Started studying at the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky.
Autumn - Entered into a civil marriage with A. R. Izryadnova.
1914, January - The poem “Birch” (under the pseudonym “Ariston”) was published in the magazine “Mirok” - the first now known publication of Yesenin’s poems.
September - The poem “Martha the Posadnitsa” was created. Wrote the poem “Jackdaws” (text unknown).
December 21 - Son Yuri was born.
1915, January 21 - Beginning of correspondence with Alexander Shiryaevets.
March 8 - Left Moscow for Petrograd.
March 9 - Met with Alexander Blok at his apartment, read poetry to him.
March 11 - Meeting with Sergei Gorodetsky.
March 28 - At the evening of poets in the Hall of the Army and Navy, I met Rurik Ivnev, Vladimir Chernyavsky, Konstantin Lyandau, Mikhail Struve.
April 24 - Beginning of correspondence with Nikolai Klyuev.
March-April - Creation of the literary group “Krasa”. Meet Leonid Kannegiser.
August - The poem “Rus” was published in the journal “Northern Notes” (No. 7–8).
October - Meeting Klyuev.
October 17 - Attended the founding meeting of the Strada society.
October 25 - Participated in the “Beauty” evening.
Autumn - Meet Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Hieronymus Yasinsky, Ivanov-Razumnik.
December - Meeting Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova.
1916, January 21 - Read poetry at the Society of Free Aesthetics.
January - The book of poems “Radunitsa” was published.
February - Work on the play “The Peasant Feast” (text unknown).
February – May - The story “Yar” was published in the journal “Northern Notes”.
March 25 - Called up for military service.
April 16 - Seconded to Tsarskoye Selo field military medical train No. 143.
April-May - Two trips to the front line by a train orderly.
July 22 - Read poetry at a meeting with the Empress and members of the royal family, organized by Colonel D. N. Loman.
Summer - Meet Alexey Ganin.
October - Refused the offer of a staff officer for special assignments under the palace commandant, Colonel D.N. Loman, to write (together with Klyuev) a book of poetry - to “capture” in it “The Feodorovsky Cathedral, the face of the king and the aroma of the sovereign’s temple.” Served 20 days in custody.
1917, February - Meeting Andrei Bely at Ivanov-Razumnik’s apartment in Tsarskoe Selo.
February 27 - Emperor Nicholas II abdicates the throne.
March - Having received an assignment to the school of warrant officers, he deserted from Kerensky’s army.
Meet Alexei Tolstoy.
June 19–20 - Wrote the poem “Otchari”.
July 30 - Wedding with 3. N. Reich in the Church of Kirik and Ulita, Vologda district.
October 25 - Overthrow of Provisional Rights

Chronological table

1904- Yesenin is sent to study at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, and then to the church-teachers school in the city of Spas-Klepiki.

1912- Yesenin moved to Moscow.

Autumn 1913- meeting Anna Romanovna Izryadnova.

1914- the first publication of poems in the newspaper “Nov” and the magazines “Parus”, “Zarya”.

In the spring of 1915- Yesenin moves to Petrograd, where he meets N.A. Klyuev, Z.N. Gippius, D.S. Merezhkovsky, A.A. Blok.

1916- first collection of poems “Radunitsa”

1916- Yesenin is drafted into the army.

In the spring of 1917- meeting Zinaida Reich.

1918- Yesenin’s second book of poems “Dove” is published in Petrograd, then “Transfiguration”.

1919- Yesenin turns out to be one of the organizers and leaders of a new literary group - the Imagists.

1920- meeting Nadezhda Volpin.

1920- poems “Departing Rus'”, “Song of the Great March”, “Soviet Rus'”, “Anna Snegina”, “Black Man”; dramatic poems "Pugachev" and "Country of Scoundrels".

1920- a collection of poems “Moscow Tavern” is published.

1922- Yesenin and Duncan got married.

1922-1923- Yesenin and Isadora make a long trip around Western Europe and the USA.

1923- they separated.

1924 - 1925- Yesenin travels through Transcaucasia. At the same time, the collection “Persian Motifs”, the poems “Departing Rus'”, “Letter to a Woman”, “Letter to a Mother”, “Stanzas” were published.

1925- meeting Sofia Tolstoy.

February 27, 1925- Yesenin writes his last poem “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...”.

February 28, 1925- in the Angleterre hotel, Sergei Yesenin was killed by the special services, staging a suicide.

Zinaida Reich

In the spring of 1917, in the editorial office of one of the newspapers, he met the secretary-typist Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, his same age. In the history of the Soviet theater she is mentioned as an actress, but at the time they met, such an actress did not exist - Reich played her first role only at the age of 30. Three months after they met, the wedding took place - while passing through, in Vologda. Sergei did not live with her permanently, although she gave birth to two children from him - Tatyana (1918) and Konstantin (1920).

In 1918, Yesenin returned to Moscow again and, after a short friendship with the poets of Proletkult, joined the Imagists. Together with Mariengof, they acquired a bookstore on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, and then the Pegasus Stable on Tverskaya. Mariengof in “A Novel Without Lies” mentioned Zinaida Reich: “Yesenin’s wife, Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, came from Orel. She brought her daughter with her: she had to show her to her father. Tanya was not yet a year old then. And our bosom friend Mikhail showed up from Penza Molabukh... And in addition - Tanyushka, as they wrote in the old books, “was a tenacious little thing, did not leave her living chair”; from her nanny’s lap - to Zinaida Nikolaevna, from her - to Molabukh, from him - to me. Only fatherly.” “She didn’t recognize the living chair as anything. And they resorted to cunning, and flattery, and bribery, and severity - all in vain.”

And then, as Mariengof said, Yesenin asked a friend to help him send Zinaida back to Orel. “... I can’t live with Zinaida... I told her that she doesn’t want to understand... She won’t leave, that’s all... she won’t leave for anything... I got it into my head: “You love me, Sergun, I know this and I don’t want to know anything else..." Tell her, Tolya, that I have another woman." Tolya said as Yesenin ordered, and Zinaida Reich and her daughter left for Oryol. And Mariengof also talked about how Yesenin “met” the son whom Zinaida Reich bore to him. “I forgot to tell you. By chance, on the platform of the Rostov station, I ran into Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich. She was traveling to Kislovodsk. In the winter, Zinaida Nikolaevna gave birth to a boy. I asked Yesenin on the phone: “What to call?” Yesenin thought and thought, choosing a non-literary name, and said : “Konstantin." After the baptism, he realized: “Damn it, but Balmont’s name is Konstantin.” I didn’t go to see my son. Noticing me on the Rostov platform talking with Reich, Yesenin described a semicircle on his heels and, jumping onto the rail, walked in the opposite direction ... Zinaida Nikolaevna asked: “Tell Seryozha that I’m going with Kostya. He didn't see him. Let him come in and have a look. If he doesn’t want to meet with me, I can leave the compartment." Yesenin nevertheless went into the compartment to look at his son. Looking at the boy, he said that he was black, and Yesenins are not black." Later, someone also recalled that Z. Reich, already living with Meyerhold, demanded money from Yesenin for their daughter’s education.

Key dates of life and work

1895 , September 21 (October 3) - born in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminsky volost, Ryazan district.

March- comes to Petrograd, meets A. A. Blok at his apartment, reads his poems, receives letters of recommendation to S. M. Gorodetsky and M. P. Murashev. A. A. Blok inscribes Yesenin’s book of his poems. Reads his poems to S. M. Gorodetsky. Receives from him letters of recommendation to the editor-publisher of the “Monthly Magazine” V. S. Mirolyubov and the secretary of the magazine “Dushevnoe Slovo” S. F. Librovich.

September– writes his first autobiography “Sergei Yesenin”. Participates together with N. A. Klyuev, A. M. Remizov, S. M. Gorodetsky in the “Beauty” evening in the concert hall of the Tenishevsky School (St. Petersburg).

november– visits A. A. Akhmatova and N. S. Gumilyov in Tsarskoe Selo (Malaya St., 63). Akhmatova inscribes Yesenin’s magazine reprint of the poem “By the Sea itself,” Gumilyov inscribes the collection “Alien Sky.”

winter 1915–1916 – visits I.E. Repin on his estate Penaty, reads poetry. Meets the artist Yu. P. Annenkov.

April- Yesenin, called up for military service, was issued a certificate of enrollment in the Tsarskoye Selo field military medical train No. 143. He reads poetry at the “Evening of Contemporary Poetry and Music” in the concert hall of the Tenishevsky School together with A. A. Akhmatova, A. A. Blok, G. V. Ivanov, N. A. Klyuev and others.

July- reads “In the crimson glow, the sunset is effervescent and foamy. " and "Rus" at a concert for wounded soldiers, held in Tsarskoe Selo hospital No. 17, in the presence of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters.

He is preparing the book “Dove” for publication (published in 1918).

May- in the newspaper “Delo Naroda” - the poem “Comrade”.

July- the first collection “Scythians” is published, which published “Marfa the Posadnitsa” and poems under the general title “Dove”: “Autumn” (“Quiet in the juniper thicket along the cliff.”), “The road was thinking about the red evening. ", "Blue sky, colored arc. ", "About merry comrades. "

February– in “Banner of Labor” - the poem “The Advent” with a dedication to Andrei Bely.

May– the publishing house “Revolutionary Socialism” (Pg.) publishes the book “Dove”.

August– the newspaper “Izvestia of the Ryazan Provincial Council of Workers’ and Peasants’ Deputies” publishes “The Jordanian Dove.”

December– the MTAHS publishing house publishes a book of poems “Rural Book of Hours”. Unanimously elected to the Moscow Trade Union of Writers.

Writes the poem “Heavenly Drummer”.

February– the newspaper “Soviet Country” publishes “Song of the Dog” and “I’m tired of living in my native land. " The same issue contains the “Declaration” of the Imagists and a message about the organization of the cooperative publishing house “Imagists”, among the organizers of which Yesenin is named. It is reported that this publishing house is preparing to publish the poet’s books “Poems” (not published) and “The Keys of Mary” (published by the MTAHS publishing house). The newspaper carries an advertisement from the publishing house “Imaginists” that the collective collections “Imaginists” and “Melting House of Words” are being published.

"Soviet Country" publishes the poem "Pantocrator" with a dedication to Rurik Ivnev.

July– participates in the evening “4 Elephants of Imagism” at the stage-canteen of the All-Russian Union of Poets. The Kiev magazine “Red Officer” No. 3 prints a fragment of the poem “Heavenly Drummer”.

november– the book “The Keys of Mary” is published with a dedication to A. B. Mariengof.

December– a collective collection of imagists “Cavalry of Storms” [No. 1] is published with the poem “Heavenly Drummer” dedicated to L. N. Stark.

July–September- makes a trip to the Caucasus.

December – the publishing house “Imaginists” publishes the book “Radunitsa”.

February– the book “Treryadnitsa” is published by the publishing house “Imaginists”. In the collective collection of imagists “Starry Bull” - “Song of Bread”.

April June– trip to Turkestan.

July- reads “Pugacheva” at a literary evening at the House of Press.

October– meeting Isadora Duncan, who came to Russia at the invitation of the Soviet government.

December– the Petrograd publishing house “Elsevier” is publishing the poem “Pugachev” as a separate edition.

May- end of the year - together with A. Duncan goes on tour abroad. In Germany he meets with M. Gorky and gives him his book “Pugachev” (M.: Imaginists, 1922). France, America.

June– the book “Poems of a Brawler” is published in Berlin.

August– return from a foreign tour to Moscow. Reads an early version of the poem “The Black Man” to friends and acquaintances.

September– writes “A blue fire started to sweep. " and "You are as simple as everyone else. " - the first poems of the cycle “The Love of a Hooligan,” dedicated to A. L. Miklashevskaya.

March, April- writes the poem “Letter to Mother”.

April May– “Krasnaya Nov” publishes “Young years with forgotten glory. " and "Letter to Mother".

June- travels repeatedly with the Leningrad imagist poets, V. A. Rozhdestvensky, Ivan Pribludny to Detskoe Selo, where he performs reading poetry in the sanatorium of scientists and in the Military Chamber of the Fedorovsky town.

July- performs reading poetry in Sestroretsk at an evening in the Kursaal, organized by the Leningrad branch of the All-Russian Writers' Union. The book “Moscow Tavern” is published in Leningrad. August - Pravda publishes a “Letter to the Editor” by Yesenin and I.V. Gruzinov about the dissolution of the group of imagists.

September– end of the year – trip to the Caucasus. Present at the literary evening-debate “The Trial of the Futurists”, held at the Batumi Theater. The book “Soviet Rus'” is published in Baku. (See the memoirs of literary critic V.A. Manuylov about Yesenin’s stay in Baku on the website “Life and Work of V.A. Manuylov”)

March, 1st – return to Moscow. The magazine "Town and Country" prints lines 1-123 of the poem "My Way". Reads “Anna Snegina” and poems from the series “Persian Motifs” at a meeting of the literary group “Pereval” in the Herzen House.

May- The book “Birch Calico” is published in Gosizdat.

June– signs an agreement with the State Publishing House for the publication of “Collected Poems” in three volumes. October – receives a membership card of the All-Russian Writers Union.

December, 24–27 – lives in Leningrad at the Angleterre Hotel. Meets with N. A. Klyuev, G. F. Ustinov, Ivan Pribludny, V. I. Erlikh, I. I. Sadofyev, N. N. Nikitin and other writers.

on the night of 27 to 28 - the tragic death of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin.

Meetings with Yesenin

Located at: Moscow, Rozhdestvenka, no. 4. (return)

The idea for the poem arose from Yesenin during his foreign trip in 1922–1923. Yesenin mentioned the influence of Pushkin’s “little tragedy” “Mozart and Salieri” on the poem. The author read “The Black Man” in the fall of 1923, shortly after returning to his homeland. In November 1925, Yesenin revised the poem. Those who heard the poem in his reading noted that the published text was shorter and less tragic than the one that Yesenin had read before. (return)

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Sergey Yesenin. The name of the great Russian poet - an expert on the people's soul, a singer of peasant Rus', is familiar to every person; his poems have long become Russian classics, and on Sergei Yesenin's birthday, admirers of his work gather.

early years

Almost immediately after the wedding, Alexander Yesenin (the poet’s father) returned to Moscow, where he began working in a butcher shop. Sergei’s mother, in turn, not getting along with her husband’s relatives, returned to her father’s house, where Sergei spent the first years of his life. It was his maternal grandparents who pushed him to write his first poems, because after his father, his mother left the young poet and went to work in Ryazan. Yesenin’s grandfather was a well-read and educated man, he knew many church books, and his grandmother had extensive knowledge in the field of folklore, which had a beneficial effect on the early upbringing of the young man.

Education

In the same year, he successfully passed the exams for admission to the parish teacher's school in the village of Spas-Klepiki in his native province. During his studies, Sergei settled there, coming to Konstantinovskoye only during the holidays. It was at the training school for rural teachers that Sergei Alexandrovich began to regularly write poetry. The first works date back to early December 1910. Within a week the following appear: “The Coming of Spring”, “Autumn”, “Winter”, “To Friends”. By the end of the year, Yesenin manages to write a whole series of poems.

In 1912 he graduated from school and received a diploma as a school literacy teacher.

Moving to Moscow

At first, he distributed the social democratic magazine “Ogni”, with the intention of being published in it, but these plans were not destined to come true, since the magazine was soon closed. Afterwards, he gets a job as an assistant proofreader in the printing house of I.D. Sytin. It was here that Yesenin met Anna Izryadnova, who would later become his first common-law wife. Almost simultaneously with this, he entered the Moscow City People's University. Shanyavsky to the historical and philological cycle, but almost immediately abandons it. Working in the printing house allowed the young poet to read many books and gave him the opportunity to become a member of the Surikov literary and musical circle.

The poet’s first common-law wife, Anna Izryadnova, describes Yesenin in those years:

He was reputed to be a leader, attended meetings, distributed illegal literature. I pounced on books, read all my free time, spent all my salary on books, magazines, did not think at all about how to live...

The flourishing of the poet's career

In September, the poet again changed his job, this time becoming a proofreader at the Chernyshev and Kobelkov trading house. In October, the magazine “Protalinka” published the poem “Mother’s Prayer,” dedicated to the First World War. At the end of the year, Yesenin and Izryadnova gave birth to their first and only child, Yuri.

Unfortunately, his life will end quite early; in 1937, Yuri will be shot, and as it turns out later, on false charges brought against him.

After the birth of his son, Sergei Alexandrovich leaves his job at the trading house.

At the beginning of the 15th year, Yesenin continued to actively publish in the magazines “Friend of the People”, “Mirok”, etc. He worked for free as a secretary in a literary and musical circle, after which he became a member of the editorial commission, but left it due to disagreements with other members of the commission on the selection of materials for the magazine “Friend of the People”. In February, his first well-known article on literary topics, “The Yaroslavs are Crying,” was published in the magazine “Women’s Life.”

In March of the same year, during a trip to Petrograd, Yesenin met Alexander Blok, to whom he read his poems in his apartment. Afterwards, he actively introduced his work to many famous and respected people of that time, simultaneously establishing profitable acquaintances with them, among them A.A. Dobrovolsky, V.A. Rozhdestvensky. Sologub F.K. and many others. As a result, Yesenin’s poems were published in a number of magazines, which contributed to the growth of his popularity.

In 1916, Sergei entered military service and in the same year published a collection of poems “Radunitsa”, which made him famous. The poet began to be invited to perform before the Empress in Tsarskoe Selo. At one of these speeches, she gives him a gold watch with a chain, on which the state emblem was depicted.

Zinaida Reich

At that moment, young people were experiencing serious financial problems. They solved the money problem with the help of Reich's parents, sending them a telegram asking them to send them funds for the wedding. The money was received without any questions asked. The newlyweds got married in a small church, Yesenin picked wildflowers and made a wedding bouquet from them. Their friend Ganin acted as a witness.

However, from the very beginning, their marriage went wrong; on their wedding night, Yesenin learns that his beloved wife was not innocent, and had already shared a bed with someone before him. This really touched the poet's heartstrings. At that moment, Sergei’s blood began to leap, and deep resentment settled in his heart. After returning to Petrograd, they began to live separately, and only two weeks later, after a trip to her parents, they began to live together.

Perhaps, playing it safe, Yesenin forces his wife to leave her job from the editorial office, and like any woman of that time, she had to obey, fortunately by that time the family’s financial situation had improved, because Sergei Alexandrovich had already become a famous poet with good fees. And Zinaida decided to get a job as a typist at the People's Commissariat.

For some time, a family idyll was established between the spouses. There were many guests in their house, Sergei organized receptions for them, and he really liked the role of a respectable host. But it was at this moment that problems began to appear that greatly changed the poet. He was overcome by jealousy, and problems with alcohol were added to this. Once, having discovered a gift from an unknown admirer, he caused a scandal, while obscenely insulting Zinaida; later they reconciled, but they could not return to their previous relationship. Their quarrels began to occur more and more often, with mutual insults.

After the family moved to Moscow, the problems did not go away, but rather intensified; the comfort of home, the friends who supported them, were gone, and instead were the four walls of a run-down hotel room. Added to all this was a quarrel with his wife over the birth of children, after which she decided to leave the capital and go to Oryol to live with her parents. Yesenin drowned out the bitterness of parting with alcohol.

In the summer of 1918, their daughter was born, who was named Tatyana. But the birth of a child did not help strengthen the relationship between Yesenin and Reich. Due to rare meetings, the girl did not become attached to her father at all, and in this he saw the “machinations” of the mother. Sergei Alexandrovich himself believed that his marriage had already ended then, but officially it lasted for several more years. In 1919, the poet made attempts to renew the relationship and even sent money to Zinaida.

Reich decided to return to the capital, but the relationship again did not go well. Then Zinaida decided to take everything into her own hands and, without her husband’s consent, give birth to a second child. This became a fatal mistake. In February 1920, their son is born, but the poet is not present at the birth or after it. The boy’s name is chosen during a telephone conversation and they settle on Konstantin. Yesenin met his son on the train when he and Reich accidentally crossed paths in one of the cities. In 1921, their marriage was officially dissolved.

Imagism

Yesenin significantly helped the formation of imagism in the literature of the Silver Age. Due to his participation in Imagist actions, he was arrested. At the same time, he had a conflict with Lunacharsky, who was dissatisfied with his work.

Isadora Duncan

By the way, Duncan was 18 years older than her beau. But neither the language barrier nor the age difference prevented Yesenin from moving to the mansion on Prechistenka, where the dancer lived.

Soon Duncan was no longer satisfied with the way her career was developing in the Soviet Union, and she decided to return back to her homeland - the United States. Isadora wanted Sergei to follow her, but bureaucratic procedures prevented this. Yesenin had problems obtaining a visa, and in order to get it, they decided to get married.

The wedding process itself took place in the Khamovnichesky registry office in Moscow. On the eve of this, Isadora asked to correct the year of her birth so as not to embarrass her future husband, he agreed.

The wedding ceremony took place on May 2, in the same month the couple left the Soviet Union and went on the Yesenina-Duncan tour (both spouses took this surname) first to Western Europe, after which they were supposed to go to the USA.

The newlyweds' relationship did not work out from the very beginning of the trip. Yesenin was accustomed to special treatment in Russia and to his popularity; he was immediately perceived as the wife of the great dancer Duncan.

In Europe, the poet again has problems with alcohol and jealousy. Having gotten pretty drunk, Sergei began to insult his wife, roughly grabbing her, sometimes beating her. Once Isadora even had to call the police to calm down the raging Yesenin. Each time after quarrels and beatings, Duncan forgave Yesenin, but this not only did not cool his ardor, but, on the contrary, warmed him up. The poet began to speak contemptuously about his wife among his friends.

In August 1923, Yesenin and his wife returned to Moscow, but even here their relationship did not go well. And already in October he sends Duncan a telegram about the final severance of their relationship.

Last years and death

In November 1925, he was even admitted to the Moscow State University clinic for patients with nervous disorders. Over the last 5 years of his life, 13 criminal cases were opened against Sergei Yesenin, some of which were fabricated, for example, charges of anti-Semitism, and the other part were related to alcohol-related hooliganism.

Yesenin’s work during this period of his life became more philosophical; he rethought many things. The poems of this time are filled with musicality and light. The death of his friend Alexander Shiryaevets in 1924 pushes him to see the good in simple things. Such changes help the poet resolve the intrapersonal conflict.

Personal life was also far from ideal. After breaking up with Duncan, Yesenin moved in with Galina Benislavskaya, who had feelings for the poet. Galina loved Sergei very much, but he did not appreciate it, he constantly drank and made scenes. Benislavskaya forgave everything, was by his side every day, pulled him out of various taverns, where his drinking buddies got the poet drunk at his own expense. But this union did not last long. Having left for the Caucasus, Yesenin marries Tolstoy’s granddaughter, Sophia. Having learned this, Benislavskaya goes to the physio-dietetic sanatorium named after. Semashko with a nervous disorder. Subsequently, after the death of the poet, she committed suicide at his grave. In her suicide note, she wrote that Yesenin’s grave contained all the most precious things in her life.

In March 1925, Yesenin met Sofia Tolstoy (granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy) at one of the evenings in the house of Galina Benislavskaya, where many poets gathered. Sophia came with Boris Pilnyak and stayed there until late in the evening. Yesenin volunteered to accompany her, but instead they walked for a long time around Moscow at night. Afterwards, Sophia admitted that this meeting decided her fate and gave her the greatest love of her life. She fell in love with him at first sight.

After this walk, Yesenin often began to appear at the Tolstoys’ house, and already in June 1925 he moved to Pomerantsevy Lane to live with Sophia. One day, while walking along one of the boulevards, they met a gypsy woman with a parrot, who told them a wedding, and during the fortune-telling the parrot took out a copper ring, Yesenin immediately gave it to Sophia. She was incredibly happy with this ring and wore it for the rest of her life.

On September 18, 1925, Sergei Alexandrovich entered into his last marriage, which would not last long. Sophia was as happy as a little girl, Yesenin was also happy, boasting that he had married the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But Sofia Andreevna’s relatives were not very happy with her choice. Immediately after the wedding, the poet’s constant binges, leaving home, drinking sprees and hospitals continued, but Sophia fought for her beloved until the last.

In the autumn of the same year, a long binge ended with Yesenin’s hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, where he spent a month. After his release, Tolstaya wrote to her relatives so that they would not judge him, because no matter what, she loved him, and he made her happy.

After leaving the psychiatric hospital, Sergei leaves Moscow for Leningrad, where he checks into the Angleterre Hotel. He meets with a number of writers, including Klyuev, Ustinov, Pribludny and others. And on the night of December 27-28, according to the official version of the investigation, he takes his own life by hanging himself from a central heating pipe with a rope. His suicide note read: "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye."

Investigative authorities refused to initiate a criminal case, citing the poet’s depressive state. However, many experts, both of that time and contemporaries, are inclined to the version of Yesenin’s violent death. These doubts arose due to an incorrectly drawn up report on the inspection of the suicide site. Independent experts found traces of violent death on the body: scratches and cuts that were not taken into account.

When analyzing documents from those years, other inconsistencies were discovered, for example, that you cannot hang yourself from a vertical pipe. A commission created in 1989, after conducting a serious investigation, came to the conclusion that the poet’s death was natural - from strangulation, refuting all the speculation that was very popular in the 70s in the Soviet Union.

After the autopsy, Yesenin’s body was transported by train from Leningrad to Moscow, where on December 31, 1925 the poet was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery. At the time of his death he was only 30 years old. They said goodbye to Yesenin at the Moscow Press House; thousands of people came there, even despite the December frosts. The grave is still there today, and anyone can visit it.

Chronological table of Yesenin's life and work outlined in this article.

Chronological table of Sergei Yesenin

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin- Russian poet, representative of new peasant poetry and lyrics, and in a later period of creativity - imagism.