Social needs. The Internet as a means of satisfying all needs Human life and social needs

Personal needs(need) is the so-called source of personal activity, because it is a person’s needs that are his motivation for acting in a certain way, forcing him to move in the right direction. Thus, need or need is a personal state in which the dependence of subjects on certain situations or conditions of existence is revealed.

Personal activity manifests itself only in the process of satisfying its needs, which are formed during the upbringing of the individual and his introduction to public culture. In its primary biological manifestation, need is nothing more than a certain state of the organism, expressing its objective need (desire) for something. Thus, the system of individual needs directly depends on the individual’s lifestyle, the interaction between the environment and the sphere of its use. From the perspective of neurophysiology, need means the formation of some kind of dominant, i.e. the appearance of excitation of special brain cells, characterized by stability and regulating required behavioral actions.

Types of personality needs

Human needs are quite diverse and today there are a huge variety of their classifications. However, in modern psychology there are two main classifications of types of needs. In the first classification, needs (needs) are divided into material (biological), spiritual (ideal) and social.

The realization of material or biological needs is associated with the individual-species existence of the individual. These include the need for food, sleep, clothing, safety, home, intimate desires. Those. need (need), which is determined by biological need.

Spiritual or ideal needs are expressed in knowledge of the world around us, the meaning of existence, self-realization and self-esteem.

The desire of an individual to belong to any social group, as well as the need for human recognition, leadership, dominance, self-affirmation, affection of others in love and respect is reflected in social needs. All these needs are divided into important types of activity:

labor, work - the need for knowledge, creation and creation;

development – the need for training, self-realization;

social communication – spiritual and moral needs.

The needs or needs described above have a social orientation, and therefore are called sociogenic or social.

In another type of classification, all needs are divided into two types: need or need for growth (development) and conservation.

The need for conservation combines the following physiological needs (needs): sleep, intimate desires, hunger, etc. These are the basic needs of the individual. Without their satisfaction, the individual is simply unable to survive. Next is the need for security and preservation; abundance – comprehensive satisfaction of natural needs; material needs and biological.

The need for growth combines the following: the desire for love and respect; self-actualization; self-esteem; knowledge, including life meaning; needs for sensory (emotional) contact; social and spiritual (ideal) needs. The above classifications make it possible to highlight the more significant needs of the subject’s practical behavior.

OH. Maslow put forward the concept of a systematic approach to research into the psychology of personality subjects, based on a model of personality needs in the form of a pyramid. Hierarchy of personality needs according to A.Kh. Maslow represents the behavior of an individual that directly depends on the satisfaction of his any needs. This means that the needs at the top of the hierarchy (realization of goals, self-development) direct the individual’s behavior to the extent that his needs at the very bottom of the pyramid (thirst, hunger, intimate desires, etc.) are satisfied.

They also distinguish between potential (non-actualized) needs and actualized ones. The main driver of personal activity is the internal conflict (contradiction) between the internal conditions of existence and external ones.

All types of personal needs located at the upper levels of the hierarchy have different levels of expression in different people, but without society, not a single person can exist. A subject can become a full-fledged personality only when he satisfies his need for self-actualization.

Social needs of the individual

This is a special kind of human need. It lies in the need to have everything necessary for the existence and functioning of an individual, a social group, or society as a whole. This is an internal motivating factor for activity.

Social needs are the need of people for work, social activity, culture, and spiritual life. The needs created by society are those needs that are the basis of social life. Without motivating factors to satisfy needs, production and progress in general are impossible.

Social needs also include those associated with the desire to form a family, joining various social groups, teams, various areas of production (non-production) activity, and the existence of society as a whole. Conditions and environmental factors that surround an individual in the process of his life not only contribute to the emergence of needs, but also create opportunities to satisfy them. In human life and the hierarchy of needs, social needs play one of the determining roles. The existence of an individual in society and through it is the central area of manifestation of the essence of man, the main condition for the realization of all other needs - biological and spiritual.

Social needs are classified according to three criteria: the needs of others, their own needs, and joint needs.

The needs of others (needs for others) are needs that express the generic basis of the individual. It lies in the need for communication, protection of the weak. Altruism is one of the expressed needs for others, the need to sacrifice one's interests for others. Altruism is realized only through victory over egoism. That is, the need “for oneself” must be transformed into a need “for others.”

One’s own need (need for oneself) is expressed in self-affirmation in society, self-realization, self-identification, the need to take one’s place in society and the team, the desire for power, etc. Such needs are therefore social, because they cannot exist without needs “for others.” " Only through doing something for others is it possible to realize your desires. Take some position in society, i.e. It is much easier to achieve recognition for oneself without affecting the interests and claims of other members of society. The most effective way to realize your egoistic desires will be a path along which a share of compensation is contained to satisfy the claims of other people, those who can claim the same role or the same place, but can be satisfied with less.

Joint needs (needs “together with others”) - express the motivating power of many people at the same time or society as a whole. For example, the need for security, freedom, peace, a change in the existing political system, etc.

Needs and motives of the individual

The main condition for the life of organisms is the presence of their activity. In animals, activity manifests itself in instincts. But human behavior is much more complex and is determined by the presence of two factors: regulatory and incentive, i.e. motives and needs.

The motives and system of needs of the individual have their own main characteristics. If need is need (scarcity), the need for something and the need to eliminate something that is in abundance, then the motive is a pusher. Those. need creates a state of activity, and motive gives it direction, pushes activity in the required direction. Necessity or necessity, first of all, is felt by a person as a state of tension inside, or manifests itself as thoughts, dreams. This encourages the individual to search for an item of need, but does not give direction to the activity to satisfy it.

Motive, in turn, is an incentive to achieve the desired or, conversely, to avoid it, to carry out an activity or not. Motives can be accompanied by positive or negative emotions. Satisfying needs always leads to a release of tension; the need disappears, but after a while it can arise again. With motives, the opposite is true. The stated goal and the immediate motive do not coincide. Because a goal is where or what a person strives for, and a motive is the reason why he strives.

You can set a goal for yourself following different motives. But an option is also possible in which the motive shifts to the goal. This means transforming the motive of activity directly into a motive. For example, a student initially learns his homework because his parents force him to, but then interest awakens and he begins to study for the sake of learning itself. Those. It turns out that a motive is an internal psychological motivator of behavior or actions, which is stable and encourages an individual to carry out activities, giving it meaning. And need is an internal state of feeling need, which expresses the dependence of a person or animals on certain conditions of existence.

Needs and interests of the individual

The category of need is inextricably linked with the category of interests. The origin of interests is always based on needs. Interest is an expression of an individual’s purposeful attitude towards some type of his needs.

A person’s interest is not so much directed specifically at the subject of need, but rather directed at such social factors that make this subject more accessible, mainly the various benefits of civilization (material or spiritual), which ensure the satisfaction of such needs. Interests are also determined by the specific position of people in society, the position of social groups and are the most powerful incentives for any activity.

Interests can also be classified depending on the focus or the carrier of these interests. The first group includes social, spiritual and political interests. The second includes the interests of society as a whole, group and individual interests.

The interests of an individual express his orientation, which largely determines his path and the nature of any activity.

In its general manifestation, interest can be called the true reason for social and personal actions, events, which stands directly behind the motives of individuals taking part in these very actions. Interest can be objective and objective social, conscious, realizable.

The objectively effective and optimal way to satisfy needs is called objective interest. Such interest is of an objective nature and does not depend on the consciousness of the individual.

An objectively effective and optimal way to satisfy needs in public space is called objective social interest. For example, there are a lot of stalls and shops in the market and there is definitely an optimal path to the best and cheapest product. This will be a manifestation of objective social interest. There are many ways to make various purchases, but among them there will definitely be one that is objectively optimal for a particular situation.

The subject's ideas about how best to satisfy his needs are called conscious interest. Such interest may coincide with the objective one or be slightly different, or may have a completely opposite direction. The immediate cause of almost all actions of subjects is precisely the interest of a conscious nature. Such interest is based on a person’s personal experience. The path that a person takes to satisfy the needs of the individual is called realized interest. It can completely coincide with the interest of a conscious nature, or absolutely contradict it.

There is another type of interest - this is a product. This variety represents both the path to satisfying needs and the way to satisfy them. A product may be the optimal way to satisfy a need and may appear to be so.

Spiritual needs of the individual

The spiritual needs of the individual are a directed aspiration for self-realization, expressed through creativity or through other activities.

There are 3 aspects of the term spiritual needs of the individual:

The first aspect includes the desire to master the results of spiritual productivity. This includes exposure to art, culture, and science.

The second aspect lies in the forms of expression of needs in the material order and social relations in current society.

The third aspect is the harmonious development of the individual.

Any spiritual needs are represented by a person’s internal motivations for his spiritual manifestation, creativity, creation, creation of spiritual values and their consumption, for spiritual communications (communication). They are determined by the individual’s inner world, the desire to withdraw into oneself, to focus on what is not related to social and physiological needs. These needs encourage people to engage in art, religion, and culture not in order to satisfy their physiological and social needs, but in order to understand the meaning of existence. Their distinguishing feature is their insaturability. Since the more internal needs are satisfied, the more intense and stable they become.

There are no limits to the progressive growth of spiritual needs. The limitation of such growth and development can only be the amount of spiritual wealth previously accumulated by humanity, the strength of the individual’s desires to participate in their work and his capabilities. The main features that distinguish spiritual needs from material ones:

needs of a spiritual nature arise in the consciousness of the individual;

needs of a spiritual nature are inherently necessary, and the level of freedom in choosing ways and means to satisfy such needs is much higher than that of material ones;

satisfaction of most spiritual needs is mainly related to the amount of free time;

in such needs, the connection between the object of need and the subject is characterized by a certain degree of unselfishness;

the process of satisfying spiritual needs has no boundaries.

Yu. Sharov identified a detailed classification of spiritual needs: the need for work; the need for communication; aesthetic and moral needs; scientific and educational needs; need for health improvement; the need of military duty. One of the most important spiritual needs of a person is knowledge. The future of any society depends on the spiritual foundation that will be developed among modern youth.

Psychological needs of the individual

The psychological needs of an individual are those needs that are not limited to bodily needs, but also do not reach the level of spiritual ones. Such needs usually include the need for affiliation, communication, etc.

The need for communication in children is not an innate need. It is formed through the activity of surrounding adults. Usually it begins to actively manifest itself by two months of life. Adolescents are convinced that their need for communication brings them the opportunity to actively use adults. For adults, insufficient satisfaction of the need for communication has a detrimental effect. They become immersed in negative emotions. The need for acceptance is the desire of an individual to be accepted by another person, a group of people or society as a whole. Such a need often pushes a person to violate generally accepted norms and can lead to antisocial behavior.

Among the psychological needs, basic needs of the individual are distinguished. These are needs that, if not met, young children will not be able to fully develop. They seem to stop in their development and become more susceptible to certain diseases than their peers who have such needs met. For example, if a baby is regularly fed but grows without proper communication with his parents, his development may be delayed.

The basic personal needs of adults of a psychological nature are divided into 4 groups: autonomy - the need for independence, independence; need for competence; the need for interpersonal relationships that are significant for the individual; the need to be a member of a social group and to feel loved. This also includes a sense of self-worth and the need to be recognized by others. In cases of unsatisfaction of basic physiological needs, the physical health of the individual suffers, and in cases of unsatisfaction of basic psychological needs, the spirit (psychological health) suffers.

Motivation and personality needs

The motivational processes of an individual are aimed at achieving or, conversely, avoiding set goals, implementing certain activities or not. Such processes are accompanied by various emotions, both positive and negative, for example, joy, fear. Also, during such processes some psychophysiological tension appears. This means that motivational processes are accompanied by a state of excitement or agitation, and a feeling of decline or surge of strength may also appear.

On the one hand, the regulation of mental processes that affect the direction of activity and the amount of energy needed to perform this very activity is called motivation. On the other hand, motivation is still a certain set of motives that gives direction to activity and the most internal process of motivation. Motivational processes directly explain the choice between different options for action, but which have equally attractive goals. It is motivation that influences the perseverance and perseverance with which an individual achieves his goals and overcomes obstacles.

A logical explanation of the reasons for actions or behavior is called motivation. Motivation may differ from real motives or be deliberately used to disguise them.

Motivation is quite closely related to the needs and requirements of the individual, because it appears when desires (needs) or a lack of something arise. Motivation is the initial stage of an individual’s physical and mental activity. Those. it represents a certain incentive to perform actions by a certain motive or process of choosing reasons for a particular direction of activity.

It should always be taken into account that completely different reasons may lie behind completely similar, at first glance, actions or actions of a subject, i.e. Their motivation may be completely different.

Motivation can be external (extrinsic) or internal (intrinsic). The first is not related to the content of a specific activity, but is determined by external conditions relative to the subject. The second is directly related to the content of the activity process. There is also a distinction between negative and positive motivation. Motivation based on positive messages is called positive. And motivation, the basis of which is negative messages, is called negative. For example, a positive motivation would be “if I behave well, they will buy me ice cream,” a negative motivation would be “if I behave well, they will not punish me.”

Motivation can be individual, i.e. aimed at maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of one’s body. For example, avoidance of pain, thirst, desire to maintain optimal temperature, hunger, etc. It can also be a group one. This includes caring for children, searching and choosing one’s place in the social hierarchy, etc. Cognitive motivational processes include various play activities and research.

Basic needs of the individual

The basic (leading) needs of an individual can differ not only in content, but also in the level of conditioning by society. Regardless of gender or age, as well as social class, every person has basic needs. A. Maslow described them in more detail in his work. He proposed a theory based on the principle of a hierarchical structure (“Hierarchy of Personal Needs” according to Maslow). Those. Some personal needs are primary in relation to others. For example, if a person is thirsty or hungry, he will not really care whether his neighbor respects him or not. Maslow called the absence of an object of need scarcity or deficiency needs. Those. in the absence of food (an item of need), a person will strive by any means to make up for such a deficiency in any way possible for him.

Basic needs are divided into 6 groups:

1. These include primarily physical needs, which include the need for food, drink, air, and sleep. This also includes the individual’s need for close communication with subjects of the opposite sex (intimate relationships).

2. The need for praise, trust, love, etc. is called emotional needs.

3. The need for friendly relations, respect in a team or other social group is called a social need.

4. The need to obtain answers to questions posed, to satisfy curiosity are called intellectual needs.

5. Belief in divine authority or simply the need to believe is called a spiritual need. Such needs help people find peace of mind, experience troubles, etc.

6. The need for self-expression through creativity is called creative need (needs).

All of the listed personality needs are part of every person. Satisfaction of all basic needs, desires, and requirements of a person contributes to his health and positive attitude in all his activities. All basic needs necessarily have cyclical processes, direction and intensity. All needs are fixed in the processes of their satisfaction. At first, the satisfied basic need temporarily subsides (fades away) in order to arise over time with even greater intensity.

Needs that are expressed more weakly, but are repeatedly satisfied, gradually become more stable. There is a certain pattern in the consolidation of needs - the more diverse the means used to consolidate the needs, the more firmly they are consolidated. In this case, needs become the basis of behavioral actions.

Need determines the entire adaptive mechanism of the psyche. Objects of reality are reflected as probable obstacles or conditions for satisfying needs. Therefore, any basic need is equipped with peculiar effectors and detectors. The emergence of basic needs and their actualization directs the psyche to determine appropriate goals.

People constantly feel the need for certain living conditions, material goods, and society. They need all this for a comfortable existence. But from our article you will learn what relates to human social needs.

Briefly about what the needs are

In general, there are many classifications of needs. Let's consider one of them:

Material. Associated with the receipt of certain funds (goods, money or services) that are necessary for normal human life.
Spiritual needs. They help in understanding oneself and the world around us, existence. This is the desire for self-improvement, self-realization and development.
Social. Everything related to communication. This includes the need for friendship, love, and so on.

Needs are the engine through which human development and social progress occur.

Maslow's pyramid

American psychologist Abraham Maslow created his own theory of the hierarchy of needs, using the example of which we can briefly go through the seven steps, get acquainted with the needs of the individual and their significance in life.

So let's start from the basics:

physiological needs are primarily important: food, drink, shelter, and so on;
the need to feel safe;
the need to love and be loved, significant for certain people;
need for success, recognition, approval;
the need to acquire special skills and abilities, self-improvement, knowledge of the world and oneself;
the need for beauty, namely: comfort, cleanliness, order, beauty, and so on;
peak in self-knowledge, evolution of abilities and talents, self-realization, finding your own path, implementing your goals and objectives.

Now we have an understanding of people's needs. They force each individual and society as a whole to move forward, to develop. Next, we will learn in more detail what relates to social needs.

Why are they important?

Maslow noted that an individual who does not satisfy biological needs simply will not be able to live and function as a healthy person. The same picture applies to social needs. Without their satisfaction, a person begins to doubt his own worth. Becomes weak, helpless, vulnerable and even humiliated.

This condition forces a person to commit immoral acts and express aggression. Therefore, social needs, namely the need for self-esteem, recognition of oneself as a person with self-esteem, supported by interpersonal relationships, lead to successful self-realization and the acquisition of confidence. Let's figure out what needs are social.

Classification by characteristics

Among social needs there are three categories:

For myself. This is the need for self-realization, finding one’s place in society, and also the need to have power.
For others. The need for communication, protection of the weak, altruism. Its implementation occurs through overcoming the selfish category “for oneself.”
Together with others. This group of needs is characterized by the unification of people in communities to jointly solve problems. This is the need for security, freedom, pacification of the rebel, change of the current regime, in a peaceful environment.

The development of an individual is impossible without satisfying needs. Let's talk about them in more detail. So, what are the social needs of the individual?

All needs are divided into two types

Let's look at them:

Natural needs: food, drink, shelter and so on.
Created by society: the need for work, social activity, spiritual formation and development, that is, for everything that will be a product of social life.

It is thanks to the former that social needs are formed and realized, which act as a motive for incentive action. Once physical needs are satisfied, according to Maslow's theory, the need for safety comes to the fore.

What is its essence?

So, social needs also include the need for security. After all, almost every person thinks about the future, analyzes the present and predicts events ahead in order to remain calm and confident in the future. It is because of this need that a person reaches for stability and constancy. He accepts everyday routine and everyday life better than spontaneous changes and surprises, because his peace of mind and sense of security are disturbed. Thus, human social needs include the need for security.

For most people it is of great importance in life. Because it has a strong influence on behavior, character, sensation and well-being. It means:

The main thing is physical safety (the situation in society, the imperfection of the legal sphere, unpreparedness for natural disasters, poor ecology).
Secondary is social vulnerability in the areas of health and education.

This need does not always act as an active force. It prevails only in situations with a critical level of danger, when it is necessary to mobilize all forces to fight evil. For example, during military operations, natural disasters, serious illness, economic crises, that is, during any circumstances that threaten unfavorable conditions. Go ahead. Human social needs also include the need for communication.

Why is it necessary?

Through communication, personality develops. A person gets to know the world, learns to evaluate actions, analyze situations, master moral norms, rules of behavior, which he will then use. Gains undeniable life experience in society. And thus creates his own attitudes and moral principles, socializes, forms a legal and political orientation. Therefore, the need for security and communication are the most important conditions for normal human development.

What else is it valuable?

We already know that human social needs include communication. It is thanks to him that the individual realizes other needs, the main one of which is receiving support. After all, having felt that he belonged to significant people in society, a person gains confidence that he is recognized. In this case, the person is completely satisfied with the communication and social support provided. Especially if they include the following aspects:

positive emotional support, which gives confidence that a person is loved and respected and treated sincerely;
information assistance, when there is access to all the necessary data about the world around us;
evaluative support that allows you to analyze what is happening, find out the opinions of others, and draw conclusions about your own judgments;
physical and material support;
exchange of emotions, because if a person is deprived of communication, he will not be able to share his problems, will not receive support, as a result of which deep depression may occur.

It is through communication that an individual develops such qualities as reliability, a sense of duty, and strength of character. And also humanity, responsiveness, tact, honesty, kindness. An equally important function of communication is the formation of new interests in an individual. This is an impetus for self-improvement and development.

Why is lack of communication so bad?

A person has a feeling of uselessness. The person suffers, feels unattractive, experiences fear and anxiety, which are often unfounded. Some feel uncomfortable being in society because of poor relationships with others, when they are isolated from certain social groups and contacts.

But this does not mean that to satisfy this need a person needs to communicate constantly. A mature person who has strong friendships, is not devoid of a sense of emotional support, and has a significant social status can be in a state of rest for several hours. Therefore, it is important to learn competent communication, realize your desires through it and become a holistic, accomplished person. Now we know that the need for communication is one of the social needs, but it is no less important than the others.

Self-expression

This group includes needs that are manifested in a person’s desire to self-actualize, put his skills into practice, and find a worthy embodiment of his talents. They are largely individual in nature.

So, the need for self-expression also belongs to the social. When satisfying it, it is important to show individual character traits and reveal the inherent potential. This need rationalizes the other needs of the individual, filling them with new meaning. In this case, the individual receives social significance.

Why is this need valuable?

Free self-expression gives a ticket to a secure future in which there will be no room for doubts and problems. So, why reveal the talents inherent in nature:

the need for self-expression brings moral satisfaction, joy, positive emotions and a positive charge of energy;
this is a great opportunity to get rid of chronic fatigue and negativity;
it expands the boundaries of self-knowledge, thanks to which positive character traits develop;
raises self-esteem, gives confidence and strength for new endeavors and conquering new heights;
helps to find like-minded people with common interests, which makes relationships with other people easier and more fulfilling.

The need for self-expression plays an important role in the life of an individual. After all, if a person fails to realize himself, he becomes tense, complex, and has low self-esteem.

Self-expression is also important in the profession. Especially if the work coincides with a hobby and brings a decent income. This is just every person's dream.

Self-expression in creativity gives a tremendous boost of positivity. Do what you love in your free time, realize your talents, get recognition. It could be dancing, writing songs, poetry, sculpting, drawing, photography, whatever. If you have discovered the talent of an artist, experiment, try your skills in different directions.

You can also express yourself in emotions and appearance. This need allows you to find your place in life, your purpose, to discover and realize hidden talents and the potential inherent in nature.

So, from our article you learned what relates to social needs and understood their significance during the period of formation, development and formation of personality.

We all have certain needs. Some of them are fully satisfied, some are partially satisfied, and some remain out of work altogether. To fill the resulting vacuum, a person begins to resort to special mechanisms - compensation. He either begins to deny the very existence of this need, reduces its relevance, or transfers his energy to another level. And he begins to get satisfaction from it.

Physiological needs.
The physiological needs that are usually taken as the starting point for theories of motivation are the so-called physiological drives and desires. Physiological needs dominate over all others in the body and are the basis of human motivation. Thus, a person who needs food, security, love and respect is likely to desire food more than anything else. At this time, all other needs may cease to exist or be relegated to the background. Therefore, the state of the entire organism can be described as a person being hungry, since hunger dominates the consciousness almost completely. All the forces of the body begin to satisfy the need for food, and opportunities that cannot be used to achieve this goal are relegated to the background. Those. the desire to buy new shoes or a car becomes secondary in an extreme situation. At the same time, the organism exhibits a specific feature, which consists in the fact that at a time when the defining need dominates in a person, the philosophy of his future changes. Unfortunately, the Internet cannot give us food in its natural form, so to speak. But it can provide income, which will be spent on food. That is, once a person masters physiological needs, the user spends most of his time looking for work. And, having found it on some website, he completely devotes himself to the process of pumping out money.

Security needs.
The next group of needs is the need for safety, security, stability, patron, protection, absence of fear, anxiety and chaos, the need for structure, order, law and restrictions, patron. According to Maslow, almost the same applies to these needs as to physiological ones. The body can be completely covered by them. If in the case of hunger it was defined as a person seeking to satisfy hunger, then in this case a person seeking security. Here again all the forces, intellect, and receptors serve primarily as a tool for seeking security. Once again, the dominant goal is the determining factor not only for the vision of the world and philosophy at the present moment, but also for the philosophy of the future and the philosophy of values. By the way, physiological needs, being in a satisfied state, are now underestimated. In ordinary life, the manifestation of security needs is found in the desire to obtain a stable job with guaranteed protection, the desire to have a savings account, insurance, etc. or the preference of familiar things over unfamiliar things, the known to the unknown. The desire to have a religion or philosophy that organizes the universe and people into a logically meaningful whole. Security needs can become relevant when there is a threat to law, order, and the authorities of society. From this point of view, the Internet is ideal for feeling like a part of the whole. All kinds of interest clubs with fairly clear rights and responsibilities add confidence in the future. Moderators and admins in such clubs are perceived as almost equal to God. By the way, registration itself already implies a feeling of some security, because the visitor moves to a legal position.

Needs for love and belonging.

If physiological and safety needs are satisfied, attachment and belonging needs emerge.

The need for love involves both the need to give and the need to receive love. When they are dissatisfied, the person is acutely worried about the absence of friends or a partner. A person will greedily strive to establish relationships with people in general, for the sake of a place in a group or family, and will strive with all his might to achieve this goal. The acquisition of all this will be more important for a person than anything in the world. And he may even forget that once hunger was in the foreground, and love seemed unreal and unnecessary.

Now the acute pain from loneliness, rejection and unfriendliness is stronger than anything else, and accordingly he will think that he would be absolutely happy if love appeared in his life. It is very important for a person to feel a sense of belonging, good neighborly relations in the same territory, among a class, a company, colleagues, because that their desire to flock together, to stick together, to be part of a group is in their nature. The most famous examples of such communities are all kinds of dating sites, chat rooms and of course all types of “classmates”. All sites that offer searches for forgotten friends and acquaintances appeal precisely to this need.

The need for respect.
All people in our society have a need for stable, justified, usually high self-esteem, self-esteem, self-esteem and the respect of others. Maslow divides these needs into two classes.

The first class includes strength, achievement, adequacy, mastery and competence, confidence in the face of the outside world, independence and freedom.

To the second, Maslow includes what is called a good reputation or the desire for prestige (defining them as appreciation or respect from other people), as well as status, fame and glory, superiority, recognition, attention, significance, self-esteem or appreciation.

Satisfaction of the need for self-esteem causes a feeling of self-confidence, one's worth, strength, abilities and adequacy, a feeling of one's usefulness and necessity in the world. Obstacles to satisfaction lead to feelings of inferiority, weakness and helplessness. These feelings lead to depression or neurotic tendencies. It should be taken into account that forming self-esteem based on the opinions of other people is fraught with danger, because it does not take into account the real abilities of the individual, his competence. The most stable and therefore healthy sense of self-esteem is based on deserved respect from other people, and not on ostentatious glory and fame and unjustified flattery. It is very difficult to distinguish between real competence and achievement, which is based on exceptional willpower, determination and responsibility, from what is given naturally, without any work. Some innate qualities, constitution and biological destiny. Dating sites, as well as various community forums and all sites that organize competitions and introduce visitor ratings for open display, also help meet this need. The next need that comes into play is:

The need for self-actualization.
Musicians must create music, artists must paint, poets must write poetry in order to remain in harmony with themselves. A person must be what he can be. People must remain true to their nature. This need is called self-actualization. It refers to people’s desire to realize themselves, to manifest in themselves what is potentially inherent in them. It can be defined as the desire to bring out a greater degree of a person's inherent characteristics in order to achieve all that he is capable of. The specific embodiment is characterized by considerable diversity. For one, it may be the desire to be an unsurpassed parent, for another, an athlete. Self-actualizing people have common characteristics:

Perception of reality: manifested in the ability to detect falsehood and dishonesty and accurately judge other people. They distinguish the new, specific and concrete from the general abstract and schematic much more easily and quickly than others, therefore, they, more than those around them, live in the real world, and not in the ocean of human ideas, expectations, generalizations of stereotypes, which many mistakenly take for reality. They readily accept the unknown without feeling any discomfort. The unknown even attracts them more than the known and familiar. Tell me, do you recognize in this description an active network user who moves from one page to another from one site to another in search of something truly his?

Acceptance: they accept themselves and their own manifestations without annoyance or grief, sometimes without even thinking too much about this or that issue. They are able to accept their human nature with all its shortcomings and inconsistencies with ideals, without feeling anxiety. They have a pronounced lack of inclination to defensive reactions. Rejection of artificial techniques in other people, hypocrisy, cunning, bravado, attempts to impress are practically unusual for them. These are the same authorities on forums and chats who take words very seriously and with respect. But who do not have official power.

Spontaneous: These people tend to be spontaneous in their behavior, thoughts and impulses. Their behavior is characterized by simplicity and naturalness; pretense and attempts to produce an effect are alien to them.

There is no need to think that they lack ethical principles. These are quite highly moral people. They work and take initiative, but not in the usual sense. They are motivated by personal growth, self-expression, maturation and development. A person, while on the Internet, eventually comes to the idea that the world is multipolar and, therefore, there is no black and white, but only many colors and shades of everyday reality. And every person has the right to choose his own.

Problem-centered: They tend to focus their attention on external tasks. They usually don't pose a problem to themselves, and therefore don't care too much about themselves (which is quite different from the introspective tendency of people who lack self-confidence). Self-actualizing people, as a rule, fulfill a certain mission, a certain goal in life, solve some external problem, which takes them a lot of energy and time.

We are not necessarily talking about a task that they have set for themselves; it can be a problem, the solution of which they consider it their duty, responsibility. You can say a goal that a person should, but does not want to achieve. As a rule, they do not pursue personal gain, they strive to benefit all humanity, their people or members of their family. Their inherent qualities are greatness, non-triviality, lack of pettiness. They are characterized by open-mindedness, the ability to rise above everyday problems, and to think big. Thanks to these qualities, an atmosphere of calm and faith in overcoming temporary problems is created, making life easier not only for them, but also for their loved ones. These are the so-called network geniuses. They are the ones who make their programs available for public use for free. It is they who need to be thanked for the new films and media products. They own all sorts of catalogs of programs, networks and systems.

Solitary Tendency: Maslow believes that all self-actualizing people can be alone without harm or discomfort. Moreover, almost all of them love privacy. They can remain outside of controversy, not at all worried about what causes a storm of emotions in people. It is not difficult for them to maintain calm and equanimity, therefore life’s adversities and blows of fate do not cause protest reactions in them, like ordinary people. They know how to maintain dignity and come out of the most difficult situations with honor. This is explained by their tendency to independently interpret the situation, without relying on the opinions of others. They know how to step back from a situation and look at it from the outside, even if the problems concern them. They sleep soundly, have a good appetite, and can smile and laugh during periods of anxiety and worry. In social relationships, such detachment sometimes creates problems; people perceive this quality as coldness, snobbery, lack of friendly disposition, and even hostility. The components of autonomy are the ability to make independent decisions, self-discipline, the tendency to act independently and not to be a tool in the hands of others, strength and not weakness. Doesn't it look like a typical portrait of a hacker? after all, it is they who are credited with such traits.

Interpersonal relationships: Self-actualizing people have deeper interpersonal relationships than most other adults. They are ready to show more love, attention, and participation. Their partners are generally much healthier and closer to self-actualization than the average. This indicates high selectivity in communication. Correct opinion, isn't it? After all, having more choice online than in real life, we can choose exactly what we want and whoever we want.

Thus, we can say that the Internet is capable of satisfying all the needs that a person has. The main thing is not to get carried away so that it does not become a means beyond compensation and does not overshadow the rest of the real world.

Introduction

A person cannot live and develop not only without food, air, without a certain temperature comfort, but also without movement, without contact with other people, without a certain way of social life. Accordingly, he has partly innate, and mainly developing in the course of life, forms of subjective reflection of his need for something, that is, need.

Basically, human needs are divided into two types, such as biological and social.

A person's social needs influence his social development.

The driving force of social development is the contradiction between the growing needs of a person and the real possibilities of satisfying them.

The most favorable conditions for the social development of an individual are social support and the needs of the individual.

The problem of social conflict has always been relevant to one degree or another for any society.

A conflict is a clash of interests between different groups, communities of people, and individuals. At the same time, the conflict of interests itself must be realized by both parties to the conflict: people, actors, participants in social movements, in the very development of the conflict begin to understand its content, become attached to the goals that the conflicting parties put forward and perceive them as their own

Human social needs

Social needs are the needs of a person in labor activity, socio-economic activity, spiritual culture, i.e. in everything that is a product of social life.

Unlike biological and material needs, social needs do not make themselves felt so persistently; they exist as a matter of course and do not prompt a person to immediately satisfy them. It would be an unforgivable mistake to conclude that social needs play a secondary role in the life of a person and society.

On the contrary, social needs play a decisive role in the hierarchy of needs. At the dawn of the emergence of man, in order to curb zoological individualism, people united, created a taboo on owning harems, jointly participated in hunting wild animals, clearly understood the differences between “us” and “strangers,” and jointly fought the elements of nature. Thanks to the prevalence of needs “for another” over needs “for oneself,” a person became a person and created his own history. The existence of a person in society, being for society and through society is the central sphere of manifestation of the essential forces of man, the first necessary condition for the realization of all other needs: biological, material, spiritual.

Social needs exist in an endless variety of forms. Without trying to present all manifestations of social needs, we will classify these groups of needs according to three criteria:

1) needs for others;
2) needs for oneself;
3) needs together with others.
1. Needs for others are needs that express the generic essence of a person. This is the need for communication, the need to protect the weak. The most concentrated need “for others” is expressed in altruism - the need to sacrifice oneself for the sake of another. The need “for others” is realized by overcoming the eternal egoistic principle “for oneself.” An example of the need “for others” is the hero of Yu. Nagibin’s story “Ivan.” “It gave him much more pleasure to try for someone than for himself. Perhaps this is love for people... But gratitude did not flow out of us like a fountain. Ivan was shamelessly exploited, deceived, and robbed.”
2. Need “for oneself”: the need for self-affirmation in society, the need for self-realization, the need for self-identification, the need to have one’s place in society, in a team, the need for power, etc. Needs “for oneself” are called social because they are inextricably linked with needs “for others”, and only through them can they be realized. In most cases, needs “for oneself” act as an allegorical expression of needs “for others.” P. M. Ershov writes about this unity and interpenetration of opposites - needs “for oneself” and needs “for others”: “The existence and even “cooperation” in one person of opposite tendencies “for oneself” and “for others” is possible, as long as we are not talking about individual or deep-seated needs, but about the means of satisfying one or another - about auxiliary and derivative needs. The claim to even the most significant place “for oneself” is easier to realize if at the same time, if possible, the claims of other people are not affected; the most productive means of achieving egoistic goals are those that contain some compensation “for others” - those who claim the same place, but can be content with less ... "
3. Needs "together with others." A group of needs that expresses the motivating forces of many people or society as a whole: the need for security, the need for freedom, the need for peace. The peculiarity of the needs “together with others” is the unification of people to solve pressing problems of social progress. Thus, the invasion of Nazi troops into the territory of the USSR in 1941 became a powerful incentive for organizing resistance, and this need was universal.

Social (and socio-psychological) human needs:

1) civil liberties guaranteed by law or custom (conscience, expression of will, place of residence, equality before society and the law, etc.);
2) constitutional or traditional social guarantees and a general degree of confidence in the future (absence or presence of fear of war, other severe social crisis, loss of work, change in its direction, hunger, imprisonment for beliefs or statements, bandit attack, theft, unexpected acute or chronic illness in conditions of poorly organized healthcare, disability, old age, family breakdown, unplanned growth, etc.);
3) moral standards of communication between people;
4) freedom of knowledge and self-expression, including through the level of education, fine and other forms of art, maximum dedication of strength and abilities to people and society, receiving signs of attention from them;
5) a sense of need for society (a personal and reference group for a person), and through it, need for oneself;
6) the possibility of forming social groups of various hierarchical levels and free communication with people in one’s circle - one’s ethnic, social, labor, economic group and their gender and age modifications, both directly and through the media;
7) awareness of one’s gender and age, adherence to their social standards;
8) the presence or possibility of forming a family as a social unit;
9) compliance of stereotypes and ideals developed during socialization with real social norms (coincidence of the individual picture of the world with reality) or society’s tolerance for individual stereotypes that differ from established social norms (if they do not turn into pathology);
10) uniformity of the information and cognitive environment (without information overload and information “vacuum”);
11) a certain social background to satisfy other groups of human needs.

Social needs are a special type of human needs. Needs, the need for something necessary to maintain the vital functions of the body of a human person, a social group, or society as a whole. There are two types of needs: natural and created by society.

Natural needs are the daily needs of a person for food, clothing, shelter, etc.

Social needs are the needs of a person in labor activity, socio-economic activity, spiritual culture, i.e. in everything that is a product of social life.

Needs act as the main motive that encourages the subject of activity to real activities aimed at creating conditions and means of satisfying his needs, i.e., to production activities. They encourage a person to act and express the dependence of the subject of activity on the outside world.

Needs exist as objective and subjective connections, as an attraction to the object of need.

Social needs include the needs associated with the inclusion of an individual in the family, in numerous social groups and collectives, in various areas of production and non-production activities, and in the life of society as a whole.

The conditions surrounding a person not only give rise to needs, but also create opportunities for their satisfaction. Fixation of social needs in the form of value orientations, awareness of the real possibilities for their implementation and determination of ways and means to achieve them mean a transition from the stage of motivation for activity to the stage of a more or less adequate reflection of needs in the human mind.

The needs of people, a social group (community) is the objective need for the reproduction of a given community of people in its specifically specific social position. The needs of social groups are characterized by mass manifestations, stability in time and space, and invariance in the specific conditions of life of representatives of a social group. An important property of needs is their interconnectedness. It is advisable to take into account the following most important types of needs, the satisfaction of which ensures normal conditions for the reproduction of social groups (communities):

1) production and distribution of goods, services and information required for the survival of members of society;

2) normal (corresponding to existing social norms) psychophysiological life support;

3) knowledge and self-development;

4) communication between members of society;

5) simple (or expanded) demographic reproduction;

6) raising and teaching children;

7) control over the behavior of members of society;

8) ensuring their safety in all aspects. The theory of work motivation by an American psychologist and sociologist A. Maslow reveals human needs. Classifying human needs, he divides them into basic and derivative, or meta-needs. The advantage of Maslow's theory was the explanation of the interaction of factors, the discovery of their motive spring.

This concept is further developed in theory F. Herzberg, called motivational-hygienic. Here, higher and lower needs are distinguished.