Chingiz Aitmatov is the first teacher. Chingiz Aitmatov: First teacher Chingiz Aitmatov 1 teacher summary

Still from the film “The First Teacher” (1965)

Very briefly

At the dawn of Soviet power, a young, illiterate guy comes to an village in the Kazakh steppe and founds a school, opening up a new world for local children.

The composition of the work is built on the principle of a story within a story. The initial and final chapters represent the artist’s reflections and memories, the middle is the main character’s story about her life. The entire narration is told in the first person: the first and last parts are from the narrator’s point of view, the middle is from the academician’s point of view.

The artist is planning to paint a picture, but cannot yet choose a theme for it. He remembers his childhood in the village of Kurkureu, in the Kazakh steppe. The main symbol of my native place appears before my eyes - two large poplars on a hillock. This bare hillock in the village is called the “school of Duishen”. Once upon a time, a certain Komsomol member decided to organize a school there. Now one name remains.

The artist receives a telegram - an invitation to the opening of a new school in the village. There he meets the pride of Kurkureu - academician Altynai Sulaymanovna Sulaymanova. After the ceremonial part, the director invites the collective farm activists and the academician to his place. Telegrams of congratulations were brought from former students: Duishen brought them. Now he delivers mail. Duishen himself does not come to the party: he must finish his work first.

Now many people remember with a grin his idea with the school: he, they say, did not know the whole alphabet himself. The elderly academician blushes at these words. She hastily leaves for Moscow that same day. Later she writes a letter to the artist and asks him to convey her story to people.

In 1924, young Duishen appears in the village and wants to open a school. He puts the barn on the hill in order with his own efforts.

Orphan Altynai lives in the family of an aunt who is burdened by the girl. The child sees only insults and beatings. She starts going to school. Duishen's affectionate attitude and kind smile warms her soul.

During the lesson, the teacher shows the children a portrait of Lenin. For Duishen, Lenin is a symbol of the bright future of ordinary people. Altynai recalls that time: “I think about it now and am amazed: how this illiterate guy, who himself had difficulty reading syllables, ... how could he dare to do such a truly great thing!.. Duishen did not have the slightest idea about the program and teaching methods... Without knowing it, he accomplished a feat... for us, Kyrgyz children, who had never been anywhere outside the village,... suddenly an unprecedented world opened up... "

In the cold, Duishen carried children in his arms and on his back to wade across an icy river. Rich people, passing by at such moments in fox robes and sheepskin coats, laughed contemptuously at him.

In winter, on the night of the teacher’s return from the volost, where he went for three days every month, the aunt drives Altynai out to her distant relatives - the old men Saikal and Kartanbai. Duishen lived with them at that time.

In the middle of the night, a “nasal, guttural howl” is heard. Wolf! And not alone. Old man Kartanbai realized that the wolves were surrounding someone - a person or a horse. At this moment, Duishen appears at the door. Altynai cries behind the stove with happiness that the teacher has returned alive.

In the spring, the teacher and Altynai plant two “young bluish-trunked poplars” on a hillock. Duishen believes that the girl’s future is in learning and wants to send her to the city. Altynay looks at him with admiration: “a new, unfamiliar feeling from a world still unknown to me rose in my chest like a hot wave.”

Soon an aunt comes to school with a red-faced man who recently appeared in their house. Redface and two other horsemen beat Duishen, who was protecting the girl, and take Altynai away by force. Her aunt gave her as a second wife. At night, the red-faced man rapes Altynai. In the morning, a bandaged Duishen with policemen appears in front of the yurt, and the rapist is arrested.

Two days later, Duishen takes Altynai to the station - she will study at a Tashkent boarding school. The teacher, with his eyes full of tears, shouts “Altynai!” to the departing train, as if he forgot to say something important.

In the city of Altynai he studies at the workers' faculty, then in Moscow at the institute. In the letter, she confesses to Duishen that she loves him and is waiting for him. This ends their correspondence: “I think that he refused me and himself because he did not want to interfere with my studies.”

The war begins. Altynai learns that Duishen has joined the army. There is no more news about him.

After the war, she travels on a train across Siberia. In the window, Altynay sees Duishen in the switchman and breaks the stop valve. But the woman misidentified herself. People from the train think that she saw her husband or brother who died in the war and sympathize with Altynai.

Years pass. Altynai is marrying a good man: “We have children, a family, we live together. I am now a Doctor of Philosophy."

She writes to the artist about what happened in the village: “...it was not I who should have been given all sorts of honors, it was not I who should have sat in the place of honor at the opening of a new school. First of all, our first teacher had this right... - old Duishen... I want to go to Curcureu and invite people there to call the new boarding school “Duishen’s school.”

Impressed by the story of Altynai, the artist thinks about the painting that has not yet been painted: “... my contemporaries, how can I make sure that my idea not only reaches you, but becomes our common creation?” He chooses which of the episodes told by the academician to depict on his canvas.

Chingiz Aitmatov

First teacher

I open the windows wide. A stream of fresh air flows into the room. In the clearing bluish twilight, I peer at the studies and sketches of the painting I started. There are many of them, I started all over again many times. But it is too early to judge the overall picture. I have not yet found my main thing, that which suddenly comes so inevitably, with such increasing clarity and inexplicable, elusive sound in my soul, like these early summer dawns. I walk in the pre-dawn silence and think, think, think. And so every time. And every time I am convinced that my picture is just an idea.

This is not a whim. I cannot do otherwise, because I feel that I alone cannot handle this. The story that stirred my soul, the story that prompted me to take up my brush, seems so huge to me that I alone cannot grasp it. I'm afraid I won't deliver, I'm afraid I'll spill the full cup. I want people to help me with advice, suggest a solution, so that they at least mentally stand next to me at the easel, so that they worry along with me.

Do not spare the heat of your hearts, come closer, I must tell this story...

Our Kurkureu village is located in the foothills on a wide plateau, where noisy mountain rivers flow from many gorges. Below the village lies the Yellow Valley, a huge Kazakh steppe, bordered by the spurs of the Black Mountains and the dark line of the railway stretching beyond the horizon to the west across the plain.

And above the village on a hillock there are two large poplars. I remember them from as far back as I can remember. From whichever direction you approach our Curkureu, first of all you will see these two poplars, they are always in sight, like beacons on the mountain. I don’t even know how to explain it - either because the impressions of childhood are especially dear to a person, or whether it is connected with my profession as an artist - but every time I get off the train and go through the steppe to my village, The first thing I do from afar is look for my dear poplars with my eyes.

No matter how high they are, it is unlikely that you can immediately see them at such a distance, but for me they are always perceptible, always visible.

How many times have I had to return to Curcureu from distant lands, and always with aching melancholy I thought: “Will I soon see them, the twin poplars? I wish I could come to the village as soon as possible, quickly to the hillock to the poplars. And then stand under the trees and listen to the noise of the leaves for a long time, until ecstasy.”

There are any number of different trees in our village, but these poplars are special - they have their own special language and, probably, their own special, melodious soul. Whenever you come here, whether during the day or at night, they sway, overlapping with branches and leaves, making noise incessantly in different ways. It seems as if a quiet tidal wave is splashing on the sand, then a passionate hot whisper runs through the branches like an invisible light, then suddenly, for a moment, the poplars all at once, with all their excited foliage, sigh noisily, as if yearning for someone. And when a thundercloud comes and the storm breaks the branches and tears off the foliage, the poplars, swaying elastically, hum like a raging flame.

Later, many years later, I understood the secret of the two poplars. They stand on a hill, open to all winds, and respond to the slightest movement of air, each leaf sensitively catches the lightest breath.

But the discovery of this simple truth did not disappoint me at all, did not deprive me of that childish perception that I retain to this day. And to this day these two poplars on the hill seem extraordinary and alive to me. There, next to them, my childhood remained, like a shard of green magic glass...

On the last day of school, before the start of the summer holidays, we boys rushed here to destroy birds' nests. Every time we ran up the hill, whooping and whistling, the giant poplars, swaying from side to side, seemed to greet us with their cool shadow and the gentle rustle of leaves. And we, barefoot urchins, encouraging each other, climbed up the branches and twigs, causing a commotion in the bird kingdom. Flocks of alarmed birds flew above us screaming. But we didn’t care, no matter what! We climbed higher and higher - well, who is braver and more dexterous! - and suddenly from a great height, from a bird's eye view, as if by magic, a wondrous world of space and light opened up before us.

We were amazed by the greatness of the land. Holding our breath, we each froze on our own branches and forgot about nests and birds. The collective farm stable, which we considered the largest building in the world, from here seemed to us like an ordinary barn. And behind the village the spread virgin steppe was lost in a vague haze. We peered into its bluish distances as far as the eye could see and saw many, many more lands that we had not previously suspected of, we saw rivers that we had not previously known about. The rivers showed silver on the horizon like thin threads. We thought, hiding on the branches: is this the end of the world or is there the same sky, the same clouds, steppes and rivers further? We listened, hiding on the branches, to the unearthly sounds of the winds, and the leaves in response unanimously whispered to them about the tempting, mysterious lands that were hidden behind the bluish distances.

I listened to the noise of the poplars, and my heart was pounding with fear and joy, and under this incessant rustling I tried to imagine those distant distances. It turns out there was only one thing I didn’t think about at that time: who planted these trees here? What did this unknown person dream about, what did this unknown person talk about, lowering the roots of the trees into the ground, with what hope did he grow them here on the hill?

For some reason we called this hillock, where the poplars stood, “the school of Duishen.” I remember if it happened that someone was looking for a missing horse and the person turned to the person they met: “Listen, have you seen my bay?” - they most often answered him: “Up there, near Duishen’s school, horses were grazing at night, go, maybe you’ll find yours there too.” Imitating adults, we boys, without thinking, repeated: “Let’s go, guys, to Duishen’s school, to the poplars, to scatter the sparrows!”

They said that there was once a school on this hill. We didn't find a trace of her. As a child, I tried more than once to find at least ruins, wandered around, searched, but found nothing. Then it began to seem strange to me that the bare hillock was called “the school of Duishen,” and I once asked the old people who he was, this Duishen. One of them casually waved his hand: “Who is Duishen! Yes, the same one who lives here now, from the family of the Lame Sheep. That was a long time ago; Duishen was a Komsomol member at that time. On the hill stood someone's abandoned barn. And Duishen opened a school there and taught children. Was it really a school - it had the same name! Oh, those were some interesting times! Then whoever could grab the horse’s mane and put his foot into the stirrup was his own boss. So is Duishen. He did whatever came into his head. And now you won’t even find a pebble from that shed, the only good thing is that the name remains...”

I didn't know Duishen very well. I remember he was an elderly man, tall, angular, with overhanging aquiline eyebrows. His yard was on the other side of the river, on the street of the second brigade. When I still lived in the village, Duishen worked as a collective farm mirab and was always lost in the fields. From time to time he rode along our street, having tied a large ketmen to the saddle, and his horse was somewhat similar to its owner - just as bony and thin-legged. And then Duishen grew old, and they said that he began to carry mail. But this is by the way. The point is different. In my understanding at that time, a Komsomol member was a horseman eager to work and to speak his mind, the most militant of all in the village, who would speak at a meeting and write in the newspaper about quitters and embezzlers. And I could not imagine that this bearded, gentle man was once a Komsomol member, and, what’s most surprising, taught children, being himself illiterate. No, it didn’t fit in my head! Frankly speaking, I thought that this was one of the many fairy tales that exist in our village. But everything turned out to be completely wrong...

The work of the Kyrgyz writer Ch. T. Aitmatov fell in love with Russian readers. It carries within itself that high spiritual lyrical content that is often lacking in modern literature. His works make you look at the world around you with love and emotional sensitivity, and perceive the beauty with which it is saturated.

The story “The First Teacher” attracts increased interest from modern critics - it is very often perceived as literary propaganda. Unfortunately, this is the most common misconception regarding many Soviet literary works.

The author glorifies, first of all, a strong human personality, and not the system in which he lives. The main character of the story, teacher Duishen, is a man of his time, performing daily feats for the sake of the prosperity of the state and society.

A young teacher, Duishen, goes to a remote Kyrgyz village to teach local children. Due to lack of funds, the village residents converted an old local stable into a school, where the learning process took place. Young students are disadvantaged children who were brought up in such a way that their main work was agricultural work, but not study.

Among them is the little orphan Altynai, who, after the death of her parents, was forced to live with her uncle’s family. The girl did not know how to treat herself well; her relatives forced her to work on the land and in every possible way prevented her from attending school.

After some time, her relatives sold her to a rich man as a wife, but thanks to the intervention of a teacher who contacted law enforcement agencies, Altynai was saved. Duishen sent the girl to an orphanage, where she was able to continue her studies and thanks to this she was able to achieve high success in life.

Despite the fact that the story takes up two pages, the author was able to present in it both the barbaric ways of life of society and the fortitude of a person who found the courage to intervene in the process of virtually destroying another person. Teacher Duishen is a fighter for justice, a builder of a new civilized world that professes the norms of humanity, kindness and honesty.

The actions and character of teacher Duishen

Duishen's heroic act makes the village residents think about how correctly they live and whether their social norms are outdated. Gradually, Duishen gains more and more adherents of his ideas, people agree that something needs to be changed in their lives.

Duishen becomes a kind of bridge along which people move from the dark barbaric past to a bright, free future, where the independence of the human person is the highest value.

Aitamtov managed to create the image of a true communist who boldly implements the ideas of the socialist system as an integral part of cultural transformation.

The artist is planning to paint a picture, but cannot yet choose a theme for it. He recalls his childhood in the village of Kurkureu, in the Kazakh steppe. The main symbol of our native places appears before our eyes - two large

Poplars on a hillock. This bare hillock in the village is called the “school of Duishen”. Once upon a time, a certain Komsomol member decided to organize a school there. Now one name remains.

The artist receives a telegram - an invitation to the opening of a new school in the village. There he meets the pride of Kurkureu - academician Altynai Sulaymanovna Sulaymanova. After the ceremonial part, the director invites the collective farm activists and the academician to his place. Telegrams of congratulations are brought from former students: Duishen brought them. Now he delivers mail. Duishen himself does not come to the party: he must finish his work first.

Now many remember with a grin

His idea with the school: he supposedly didn’t know the whole alphabet himself. The elderly academician blushes at these words. She hastily leaves for Moscow that same day. Later, she writes a letter to the artist and asks him to convey her story to people.

In 1924, young Duishen appears in the village and wants to open a school. He puts the barn on the hill in order with his own efforts.

During the lesson, the teacher shows the children a portrait of Lenin. For Duishen, Lenin is a symbol of the bright future of ordinary people. Altynai recalls that time: “I think about it now and am amazed: how this illiterate guy, who himself had difficulty reading syllables, ... how he could dare to do such a truly great thing. Duishen did not have the slightest idea about the program and teaching methods... Without knowing it, he accomplished a feat... for us, Kyrgyz children, who had never been anywhere outside the village,... suddenly an unprecedented world opened up... "

In the cold, Duishen carried children in his arms and on his back to wade across an icy river. Rich people, passing by at such moments in fox robes and sheepskin coats, laughed contemptuously at him.

In winter, on the night of the teacher’s return from the volost, where he went for three days every month, the aunt kicks Altynai out to her distant relatives - the old men Saikal and Kartanbai. Duishen lived with them at that time.

In the middle of the night, a “nasal, guttural howl” is heard. Wolf! And not alone. Old man Kartanbay realized that the wolves were surrounding someone - a person or a horse. At this moment, Duishen appears at the door. Altynai cries behind the stove with happiness that the teacher has returned alive.

Soon the aunt comes to school with a red-faced man who recently appeared in their house. Red-faced and two other horsemen beat Duishen, who was protecting the girl, and take Altynai away by force. Her aunt gave her as a second wife. At night, the red-faced man rapes Altynai. In the morning, a bandaged Duishen with policemen appears in front of the yurt, and the rapist is arrested.

The war begins. Altynay learns that Duishen has joined the army. There is no more news about him.

Years pass. Altynai is marrying a good man: “We have children, a family, we live together. I am now a Doctor of Philosophy.”

The work is arranged in such a way that we get to know the story from the words of several narrators who are the main characters. The first-person narrative is narrated first by the artist and then by the academician, whose story is also completed by the first character.

The story begins with how the artist, in search of inspiration for his painting, plunges into memories of the past. He spent his childhood in the Kazakh steppe, which is why these places became home. The symbol of those places immediately appears before your eyes, which are two poplars on a low hillock. It is customary to call it “Duishen’s school”, because for a long time someone wanted to found a school there, but only the name remained.

Having received a telegram, the artist learns that he is invited to the opening of a new school in the village. At the event he meets academician Altynai Sulaymanova. At the end of the opening ceremony, everyone is invited to see the director. Duishen brings greeting cards and telegrams from former students, but he himself does not stay and goes on to work, since he got a job as a postman. Many remember his idea regarding the founding of the school with a smile, because he himself, they say, did not know the entire alphabet. When those present began to joke, the elderly female academician blushed; on the same day she left back for the capital. A few days later, the artist receives a letter from her with her life story.

Back in 1924, young Duishen appeared in the village with the goal of opening a school. He is trying with his own efforts to improve the barn that stood on the hill. Altynai is an orphan, she lives with relatives who treat her very cruelly, insult her, and sometimes even beat the girl. But then she starts going to school, and Duishen becomes a ray of light in her life, trying to help with everything. Now she only remembers how this illiterate boy showed the children a portrait of Lenin and talked about him as a symbol of a bright future for all ordinary people. When winter came. Duishen helped the children cross the ford and the icy river.

One day, Altynai was kicked out by her aunt to distant relatives who raised Duishen. That night an incident happens. There was a wolf howl outside the window, and more than one. Everyone decided that the flock had surrounded someone, but at that moment Duishen entered the door, alive and unharmed, which made the family very happy.

That same year, together with their teacher, two poplar trees were planted on the bald hill of Altynai. Duishen tells the girl that her future lies in teaching and wants to make every effort to send Altynai to the city.

Another misfortune happens when her aunt comes to school with some man to pick up a girl. It turns out that a relative sold Altynai as a second wife. The teacher tries to protect the child, but he is chosen and the girl is taken by a tall man. That night he rapes her, but in the morning Duishen comes with a policeman who arrests the criminal.

The teacher decides to take matters into his own hands and takes Altynai to a Tashkent boarding school. After studying at the workers' school, the girl goes to college in Moscow. She writes a letter to her former teacher, in which she declares her love and invites him to come to her, but he refuses. Altynai decides that the teacher wanted her to finish her studies well and nothing would stop her.

After the start of the war, the girl learns that Duishen has gone to the front, and there is no more news from him. But years later, after the war, when Altynai is traveling on a train, crossing Siberia, she notices Duishen in the window and breaks the stop valve. But all in vain, the woman misrepresented herself. Years later, she gets married and starts a family. Having finished reading the letter, the artist is amazed by the story and chooses which episode to depict on canvas.

The story of a talented Kyrgyz writer tells an interesting life story from the time of the birth of the USSR. Very often it is perceived as propaganda of communist ideas, but the thinking reader should look deeper to understand the main idea.

We are talking about a young, enthusiastic Komsomol teacher, Duishen. He was assigned to open a school in a remote village and teach the children to read and write. Here he encounters an unexpected obstacle - local residents do not understand why children who are expected to work on the land for life need a diploma. But still, Duishen convinced his parents and, having organized a school in an old stable on the hill, began teaching. He even carried children in his arms across a cold stream in winter.

In the village there lives a very capable orphan girl Altynai, whom her relatives have difficulty sending to school. The teacher plans to send the girl to a boarding school so that she can study there and have a chance for a happy future. But Aunt Altynai sells her to a neighboring village for marriage during the teacher’s absence. The girl is being abused. The teacher saves his student. Having contacted the police, he takes Altynai from her hated husband and sends her to a boarding school to study.

Years later, the unfortunate orphan becomes a respected doctor of science. He comes to the village at the invitation of local residents to attend the opening of a new modern school. Here she is honored, but she understands that the school should be named after her first teacher, Duishen. At this moment the main idea of the story is revealed. The narrative teaches the reader that it is not famous academics, but humble people who perform daily selfless feats that move the country forward. They are the ones who lay the foundation for a strong and strong society.

Read a short retelling of the story The First Teacher Aitmatov

A painter wants to paint a picture, but cannot decide what exactly to depict on the canvas. Then he turns to his childhood memories of the Kazakh village in which he grew up. A local landmark was a hill nicknamed “Duishen School” due to the fact that at one time it was planned to build a school there, but the plan was never implemented.

The artist was invited to the opening of a new school. Altynai Suleymanova, the pride of their village, a prominent scientific figure, arrived. Many fellow countrymen sent congratulatory telegrams. The letters were delivered by the same Duishen, who was still laughed at because of his idea of opening a school, because he himself was not particularly literate. Only Altynai Suleymanova blushed and left hastily. Soon everyone knew this story in detail.

The then young Duishen came to the village with the desire to open a school for local children. With his own hands he takes hold of a dilapidated barn standing on a hill. Altynai is an orphan living with her aunt. The girl is not welcome in the family, she is offended and even beaten.

The time has come for the orphan to go to school. It was at school that she met the kind teacher Duishen. The man ferried the students across the cold river on his back, while passers-by only made fun of him. In the spring, he and the girl planted two young poplars on that same hillock. The teacher dreamed that the talented girl would receive a good education.

One day the aunt decided to marry the girl off. An angry man with a red face took the girl to his yurt and abused the unfortunate girl. Duishen and the police managed to take Altynay, and the rapist was arrested.

The teacher hastily sent the girl to Tashkent. Altynai was able to study and entered the Moscow Institute. In the letter, she confessed her love to the teacher and that she was still waiting for him.

The war began, and Duishen went to the front. The connection between the lovers was interrupted. The woman got married, gave birth to children, and became a doctor of science.

Altynai does not consider herself entitled to sit in a place of honor at the opening of the school; she is sure that only Duishen deserves these honors. She decided to tell this story to all her fellow countrymen and suggested calling the new school “Duishen School.”

The painter realized that it was the plot of this story that needed to be captured on canvas.

This small work reveals the cruel ways of life of society. The main character Duishen appears before the reader as a fighter for justice and a builder of a new bright world.

Chingiz Aitmatov is the first teacher. Chingiz Aitmatov: First teacher Chingiz Aitmatov 1 teacher summary

Very briefly

The actions and character of teacher Duishen

Read a short retelling of the story The First Teacher Aitmatov

Picture or drawing First teacher

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