What helped Robinson Crusoe survive on the island. What helped Robinson Crusoe survive on a desert island “Robinson Crusoe’s Odyssey”
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It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe survive and preserve his human qualities. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, described by himself" - essay "Essay based on the novel by D. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe"
The English writer D. Defoe went down in the history of literature as the creator of many realistic and noble images. He was a people's writer - not only in the content, but also in the form of his works, in his lively, direct manner of narration, and in his simple, accessible language. His masterpiece “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was translated into almost all European languages and became part of the history of world culture. In the novel, using the example of the fate of an individual, the author managed to reveal all the richness and diversity of real life, to show the importance of real human values: communication, caring for one’s neighbor, constant work.
Drawing the life of his hero on a desert island, Defoe created a poetic picture of man’s struggle for survival and glorified free creative labor. It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe survive and preserve his human qualities. According to the firm conviction of the writer, work is the basis for the positive transformation of the world and the spiritual elevation of man. The hero of the novel did not fall into despair, did not lose faith. Finding himself in the wild conditions of the island, Robinson perceives everything that happened to him as a difficult life test, from which he must find a worthy way out. A thrifty and practical person, a diligent worker, he purposefully improves the conditions of his existence: he builds a hut, hunts, fishes, stores food, finds a way to keep track of time and writes all his thoughts in a diary. Armed with the labor skills and experience of his people, he successfully uses the equipment, tools and other valuables discovered on the wrecked ship.
The author deliberately puts his hero in an exceptional situation, transferring him from the world of money to the world of work. Thus, he forces him to discover in himself those qualities that can fully manifest themselves in universal human creative, constructive activity, free from commercial calculations. It is no coincidence that Rousseau called Defoe’s novel “the most successful treatise on natural education.” The simple story of how Robinson built his hut, how he fired the first jug, how he grew bread and tamed goats, how he built and launched a boat, has continued to excite the imagination of all readers for almost three centuries.
ages. And it will never lose its enormous educational significance for children and youth.
Introduction
My family and I have been participating in the “Successful Reading” project for the fourth year. We discuss the books we read together, I often consult with my mother about how best to arrange creative work in the reader’s portfolio, a drawing for an exhibition, with my dad, we tell each other interesting events that happened to the main characters of the work, we remember our favorite characters. Thanks to the project, I met different authors and their works, discovered unknown, mysterious and extremely interesting worlds in which heroes live, perform feats, come to the aid of friends and complete strangers. For example, I would like to be friends with Tom and trust him with my deepest secrets, with Timur and his team to help those in need of help, and from Robinson I would like to learn courage, perseverance and hard work, the ability not to get confused in a difficult situation, to be a real man. After reading D. Defoe's book about the travels and adventures of the sailor Robinson Crusoe, I learned about the limitless capabilities of man, his courage and perseverance in exceptional conditions. The main character of the novel is Robinson Crusoe, who found himself as a result of a shipwreck on an uninhabited island in the West Indies and managed to live on it for 28 years, first completely alone, and then with the savage Friday, develop the island and start a farm on it, which had everything necessary for life. In a difficult life situation, the hero was able to find a way out and save his life. We also have difficulties in life, we need to be prepared for them and know how to behave in a given situation. Therefore, the study of the texts of this work is relevant and interesting for me and for boys like me who dream of traveling.
Goal: to explore what human qualities help a person survive on a desert island, using the example of Robinson Crusoe, the main character of the novel by D. Defoe. Objectives: - analyze the life story of the Scottish sailor and Robinson Crusoe on the island, using the text read; - highlight the basic rules for human survival on a desert island; - conduct a survey among students in grade 4A, process the materials. Object: text of D. Defoe’s work “The Life and Amazing Adventures of the Sailor Robinson Crusoe.” Subject: rules of survival on a desert island. Hypothesis: having studied the methods of survival on a desert island using the example of Robinson Crusoe, it will be possible to use some techniques in life.
About the writer Daniel Defoe
“Wasting no time and sparing no effort” D. Defoe Born in London on April 26, 1660 in the family of merchant James Faw, he lived a stormy life full of adventures. An English writer and publicist, Defoe is considered one of the first founders of the English novel; he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and magazines on various topics (politics, economics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, the supernatural, etc.). For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. It is known that on the way between Harwich and Holland he was captured by Algerian pirates, but was soon ransomed. One novel created his world fame and glorified him for centuries. The full title of this novel: “The Life and Extraordinary Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the great Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died , excluding him alone, with an account of his unexpected release by the pirates, written by himself." After the enormous success of the novel, Defoe released a sequel in the same 1719: “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, constituting the second and last part of his life and covering his travels in three parts of the world, written by himself.” But the first volume of Robinson remained the most popular forever.
The Sailor from Largo (Robinson Crusoe prototype)
Robinson Crusoe is not a fiction. The book is based on fact. The island of Mas a Tierra (Republic of Chile) is the famous island of Robinson Crusoe. The climate of this island is quite mild, in the mountainous part of the island there is a dense forest, below the ground is covered with palm groves and thickets of ferns. It was on this island that the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk lived in complete solitude for 5 years. He was born in 1678 in the small Scottish village of Largo, in the family of a poor shoemaker. When the young man turned 19, he went to work as a sailor in the English navy. He sailed a lot across the seas and oceans and took part in naval battles. One day, a quarrel arises between the captain and Selkirk, as a result of which the captain orders his assistant to be landed on the island, leaving him with a gun, gunpowder, bullets, an axe, a spyglass, a blanket and tobacco. At first Selkirk was overcome with despair. But, overpowering himself, Alexander built himself a dwelling and went deep into the island in search of food. The flora and fauna of the island was varied and rich. Alexander Selkirk began fishing, hunted sea turtles, and tamed wild goats and wild cats that were on the island. As in the Stone Age, he made fire by friction, and made clothes from goat skin, using a nail instead of a needle. In addition, Selkirk made himself a calendar. So he lived for five years on a deserted island until the Scottish sailor was found by an English warship. The sailors saw an overgrown man with long hair and a beard. At first, Alexander could only utter inarticulate sounds, and only after a few weeks, having come to his senses, he was able to tell his story. Later it turned out that the ship, whose captain left him on a deserted island, was caught in a storm and almost the entire crew died.
Robinson Crusoe's struggle for life on a desert island
Robinson Crusoe himself was a sailor. He traveled a lot around the world. A variety of adventures happened to him. But one day the ship he was sailing on crashed during a strong storm. The entire crew died, and Robinson was left on a desert island all alone. Despite the seemingly hopeless situation, he does not lose heart, but, on the contrary, tries to improve his life on the island. Telling the story of his stay on the island, Crusoe narrates in detail how his life was settled: what things and main tools he managed to save from the crashed ship, how he set up a tent made of canvas and how he surrounded his home with a palisade, turning it into an impregnable a fortress that reliably protects it from predators and possible enemies; how he hunted wild goats and decided to tame them, built a pen for them, learned to milk them and make butter and cheese; how several grains of barley and rice were discovered, and what labor it took to dig up the field with a wooden shovel and sow it with these grains; how I had to protect my crops from goats and birds; how he learned to make pottery and fire it; how he made clothes from goat skins, how he dried and stored wild grapes, etc. In an effort to provide himself with everything necessary for life, Robinson works tirelessly, mastering new crafts. “Without wasting time and sparing no effort” - said by the way, these words become the motto of Robinson’s existence. A lot of interesting things happened on the island with the main character. He faced dangers and disappointments, but the main thing that helped him survive was determination, perseverance, resourcefulness, hard work and enormous willpower. These traits of his character evoke deep respect. Robinson's life on the island can serve as a vivid example of man's struggle for existence in exceptional conditions. The example of Robinson Crusoe shows that a strong-willed, purposeful person will be able to cope with any adversity and emerge victorious from any situation, even if it seems difficult and unexpected.
Rules for survival on a desert island (practical part)
So, you are on a desert island. You have a chance to try to survive. What needs to be done in this situation? The plan might be something like this: 1. Stay calm and don’t panic; 2. See what necessary items or weapons are available, whether there is drinking water; 3. Explore the island, you need to know if there is a source of fresh water on it; 4. Light a fire, this way you can warm up (if it’s cold), dry things, and you can also attract the attention of other ships; 5. In addition to the fire, use stones or other things to build something similar to SOS, showing that you need help; 6. Find food, as a last resort, you can hunt fish in the shallows, eat beetles; 7. Build tools and weapons, a knife is the best that can be in such situations; 8. Build a shelter from rain (it can be very strong in the tropics), from the sun, from storms; 9. More details about water - it is necessary to boil it, because it is not known where it flows from, you can also build rainwater collection using improvised materials; 10. Never give up and keep fighting for your life! Some practical advice - Don't drink sea water! It won't help you, but will make it even worse. - Collect enough dry wood for the fire during the day so that you can stay warm at night and scare away wild animals from your hut. - If you are lucky enough to have a knife, take care of it, now it is your greatest treasure. If you're not so lucky, make one from materials you have on hand. - And the most important thing! Never give up, now you are the master of your destiny and your life is only in your hands!
Student survey results
According to a survey among 4A grade students, the question: - Would you like to be on a desert island for a few days? The respondents' opinions were distributed as follows: - Yes – 15 people. - No – 7 people. - 10 most necessary items that you would take with you to a desert island: 1 provisions (food) – 22 people; Book 2 – 15 people; 3 clothes – 13 people; 4 guns – 9 people; 5 matches, knife, water – 8 people; 6 fishing rod – 7 people; 7 axe, telephone, first aid kit – 6 people; 8 gunpowder – 5 people; 9 compass, paper – 4 people; 10 shovel, rope, boat, animal, flashlight, nails – 3 people. - First of all, 15 people will explore the island, 5 people will search for food, and 2 people will build a shelter. - According to the majority of respondents, in order to survive on the island, knowledge of the surrounding world will be useful.
Conclusion
An irresistible desire to understand the world led the main character of the novel to an uninhabited island, which became a refuge for him for many years. Fate did not turn away from Robinson; he survived no matter what. But the main thing that helped Robinson stay alive and endure all the hardships of loneliness was his thirst for life and hard work. He never left the belief that one day a ship would land on his island and take him home. A survey among my classmates showed that many would like to visit a desert island and become Robinson Crusoe for a few days, try their hand and apply the knowledge gained at school and from books read in practice. The example of Robinson Crusoe showed that only by finding himself in extreme conditions can a person discover previously unknown powers and knowledge.
Bibliography
1. D. Defoe “Robinson Crusoe” [Text]: trans. from English – M.: Daguchpedgiz, 1981. 2. Encycl. For Wednesdays school age. - Minsk: Harvest, 2006. 3. Malov, V. Famous sailors - M.: Onyx, 2008. 4. Geography Children's Encyclopedia - M.: ROSMEN, 2008. 5. Lebina, N. (Doctor of Historical Sciences) . XX century dictionary of everyday life. Homeland. - 2006. - No. 3. - P. 90-93. 6. Literature abroad. Science and life. - 2008. - No. 8. - P. 54-57. 7. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 8. http://robinzon-kruzo.ucoz.ua/index/my_robinzony/0-5 9. http://www.activ43.ru/archives/4867
Dictionary
Daniel Defoe - (eng. Daniel Defoe), born April 24, 1731, London - English writer and publicist, known mainly as the author of Robinson Crusoe.
Alexander Selkirk is a Scottish sailor who spent 5 years (in 1704-1709) on the uninhabited island of Mas a Tierra (now Robinson Crusoe), which is part of the Juan Fernandez archipelago, located in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from coast of Chile. He served as the prototype for the literary hero of the novel by Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe.
West Indies (“Western India”) is the traditional historical name for the islands of the Caribbean Sea, including the Caribbean islands of the Bahamas and the islands in the adjacent waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
An uninhabited island is an island without a permanent population. Most of all the islands on Earth are uninhabited.
SOS (SOS) is an international distress signal in radiotelegraph (using Morse code) communication. Later, SOS was deciphered as save our souls or save our ship, which means “save our souls” or “save our ship.”
Sailor - rank, junior military rank in the navy of the Armed Forces (AF), corresponding to the rank of private.
Canvas is a heavy, dense hemp and linen fabric. Canvas has high strength, repels moisture, and does not deteriorate from sea water. The importance of canvas increased from the 15th century, with the advent of large fleets and the opening of sea routes to India and America.
A palisade is a wall made of a series of pillars several meters high, dug vertically into the ground close or at a short distance and connected together for strength by one or two horizontal beams.
We present the most interesting works.
Zaitseva Marusya
In D. Defoe's work "Robinson Crusoe" the main character is Robinson Crusoe, who remained a man in difficult conditions.
Since childhood, Robinson was drawn to the sea, and he dreamed of becoming a sailor, but his father wanted him to become a judge and therefore cursed his son.
Robinson sometimes regretted that he had not listened to his father and ran away from home, because his father had warned him how many trials he would have to endure.
Robinson's first test was captivity. When he was sailing on a ship, they were attacked by pirates - the Moors. Robinson was in captivity for quite a long time, but there he learned cunning. In the end, he escaped captivity using his cunning.
The most difficult test was Robinson's arrival on the island, where many difficulties awaited him.
On the island, any person can become a savage, but Robinson stubbornly fought for life. Although Robinson was frightened by difficulties, he managed to cope with them.
Firstly, Robinson was constantly visited by fear, fear of wild animals, hunger, and attacks by savages. He was afraid of becoming a savage, of stooping to such a level.
Robinson heroically overcame all the difficulties of his lonely life. Robinson mustered all his willpower and remained a man in almost unsurvivable conditions.
On Robinson Island, not only did he remain human, he relived all the stages of technological development. He built himself a house, not missing a single detail, began to raise a herd of goats, he had his own barley fields, he made himself a wonderful fence, no worse than the Chinese wall, and, most importantly, he became a believer, but when he ran away from his parents' house, he was a stupid brat. In any case, the island helped him make himself an individual. As they say, every cloud has a silver lining.
I believe that Robinson remained a man thanks to his work; another in his place would either turn into a savage or lie down and die. Robinson was helped by work and the ability to cope with difficult situations.
Martyakov Dima
In the work of D. Defoe, the main character is Robinson Crusoe. Robinson's first test was a conflict with his father. He ran away from his home when he was eighteen years old. The second test was captivity. Robinson ended up with the Moors. After 8 years, he escaped from the Moors using cunning.
The third test for Robinson was the island. He got there during a storm. Robinson did not know how to survive, since he had no food or water. But every day he adapted more and more to the climate of the island.
At first it was difficult for Robinson on the desert island. But then he learned a lot: to hunt, fish, build, sew.
Robinson was at first stupid and unbelieving, but after a few years he became very wise.
When Robinson returned from the island on an English ship, his parents died, since Robinson lived on the island for a very long time: 28 years, 2 months and 19 days, and his parents, when Robinson was eighteen years old, were already old.
Robinson remained human because he wore clothes and kept a diary and a calendar.
If he had not done this, he would not have been a man, but a savage.
Zaitsev Yura
The main character of D. Defoe's book is called Robinson Crusoe. The heir of a wealthy father, from the age of eighteen he experienced many difficulties.
He always thought about the sea, but his father strictly forbade sea adventures and even cursed him when Robinson decided to go to sea. Robinson did not listen. During the voyage, his ship was attacked by pirates - the Moors. After being captured for three years, he became a brave man. Soon he escaped from the pirates.
The next confirmation of his father's curse happened when Robinson Crusoe sailed from Brazil to Africa for slaves. He failed during a shipwreck. Soon I found myself on an island where there was no one to talk to.
Once on the island, he was scared and did not immediately get used to it. After a shipwreck he needed help. There were no clothes, it was extremely difficult to get food, so he was starving. He did not have the courage to enter the depths of the forest. And there were many more difficulties on the island.
But the time came when he got tired of being afraid, and he began to fight them non-stop. First, he moved all the things from the bow of the ship. There were guns, muskets, gunpowder, grapeshot and other things for life on a desert island. Secondly, he made a house, raised goats, learned to farm, and became a believer.
He ran away from his parents' house, self-confident in his actions, unbelieving, unintelligent, after all the trials he became completely different, changing his character.
He survived and remained human thanks to work and self-control.
From the site administration
It is known that Robinson Crusoe was able to master the science of survival from his own experience. Thus, using only available materials and things saved from the ship, the sailor managed to adapt to existence on a desert island.
The first time Robinson Crusoe had the opportunity to die at the moment of the shipwreck itself, but chance helped him survive. Of course, he was lucky in that he was able to find himself in a place where he could get out alive on land when all his comrades drowned.
On the very first night, the sailor climbed a thick, branchy tree. Thus, Robinson Crusoe saved himself from a large number of wild animals and from poisonous snakes. It is also known that Robinson's ship remained within reach for some time, so he managed to drag all the necessary things to the island.
First of all, he took food supplies, this included rice, crackers, cheese. Also on the ship, the sailor was able to find carpentry tools, guns with gunpowder, and clothes. This significantly helped him survive.
On the very first day, Robinson Crusoe began to examine the surrounding area in order to understand whether there was any danger from the local fauna; he also wanted to understand what he could eat here.
He learned that the island was home to many birds and animals, such as hares. After that, he built a certain structure that resembled a hut. He also made a bed from a mattress, thereby providing himself with comfortable living conditions.
But this was not enough, and Robinson decided to start making full-fledged housing. To do this, he fenced the area with stakes, after which he began to dig a cave. It was necessary to think about creating a hearth. And in the future he managed to acquire the necessary furniture.
Thus, the sailor was able to get acquainted with the local fauna, learning that there are also goats on the island.
Daniel Defoe wrote over 500 works during his life, including seven novels. But one of them brought him world fame - “The life and extraordinary adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which he died the entire crew, excluding himself alone, with an account of his unexpected release by the pirates. Written by himself." This is the full title of the novel, from which readers immediately understand what will be discussed. But with what poetic skill and inspiration Daniel Defoe described Robinson’s struggle for life on a desert island, his hard work and resourcefulness! From the very first days, man desperately fought for life in every way available to him.
The hero of D. Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe, left completely alone on an unknown island, did not become confused or fall into despair, and this saved his life. He managed to make good use of even the very first days after the disaster and managed to save all the essentials from the sinking ship: weapons, tools, fabric, clothes, ropes, some grain and food. Hard work, resourcefulness and optimism allowed Robinson to not only not lose his human appearance on the island for twenty-eight years, but also provide himself with everything necessary for a happy life.
There was no task that Robinson would not complete. If he decided to transport the surviving things from a shipwrecked ship, he would work until he had transported everything; if the weather had permitted, he would have transported the entire ship piece by piece. Thinking about setting up a home (dig a cave or put up a tent), he eventually did both. He did not know how much time he would have to spend on the island, he hoped that it would not be long, but he tried to ensure that his home “was protected both from the heat of the sun and from predators; so that it stands in a place where there is no dampness; so that there would be fresh water nearby” and so that the sea would certainly be visible from it, and he worked sparingly. He did not want to part with the hope of salvation, and this hope supported him in moments of despair. Having examined the territory, he became convinced that the island was uninhabited, that it was surrounded only by wild nature, unfamiliar vegetation, unknown birds and animals. There was nothing to count on for help, and in order to survive, he himself had to master many specialties. He himself was a carpenter, a joiner, a potter, and a baker. He learned to fish, hunt wild animals and make clothes from their skins, plow the land, grow rice and barley, tame and raise goats. He also learned to courageously overcome illness and failure. For example, it cost him a lot of work to try to launch a boat, but the strength of one person was not enough, and he had to abandon this idea. But Robinson managed to build a small boat, and he could now travel around his island.
After a few years of living alone on the island, all his ideas changed. He had nothing to desire because he had everything he could enjoy. He had a lot of grain, so much timber that he could build a whole fleet, and so many grapes that all these ships could be loaded with wine and raisins. But he learned to attach importance only to what he could somehow use. “Nature, experience and reflection” taught Robinson to understand that “no matter how much wealth we accumulate, we enjoy it only to the extent that we can use it, and no more.” He learned not only to submit to fate, but also to feel gratitude for what he has and simply for living. For many years, his friends were the parrot Popka, the dog and cats, which he transported from the ship. But in the twenty-fourth year of Robinson’s life, a remarkable event occurred on the island: cannibalistic savages sailed to the island, and he helped free one of the captives. From that day on, he acquired a faithful servant and comrade - Friday.
