Sn zn is an unpronounceable consonant. Rule for checking the spelling of words with unpronounceable consonants. Soft sign after sizzling

The reason for the phenomenon of unpronounceable consonants is one of the pronunciation trends: complex combinations of consonants are being reduced in speech practice. The constant omission of a consonant sound in a combination of noisy consonants creates the possibility of errors in the spelling of the combinations “stn”, “zdn”, “stl”, “rdts”, “vstv”, “lnts”. These combinations are usually found at the root of the word, but often the suffix is also involved in their formation: “valor, hello, feeling.”

The rule “Spelling unpronounceable consonants” only indicates a check method. To check, it is necessary to change the form of the word or select a word with the same root so that this consonant is heard clearly: after the consonant being checked there is a vowel (late - to be late), after the second consonant of this group there is a vowel (sun - sunny), the consonant is heard clearly (honest - honor) . The following words are not checked in this way: shine (although: shine), splash (although: splash), ladder (although: ladder), flask (although: glass).

From words with unpronounceable consonants, it is necessary to distinguish words in which there are no unpronounceable consonants, for example: tasty, vowel, skillful, inert, dangerous, peer, literature, terrible, participate, honor, parade, dishes.

It is also necessary to distinguish between words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning and spelling, for example: skillful (skillful; skillfully made) and artificial (not natural, made like the real thing; feigned, insincere); inert (unresponsive to new things, backward) and bone (adjective from the word bone); to march (to walk solemnly) and to patronize (to provide assistance).

Contrary to verification, the word staircase is written with an unpronounceable consonant (although: ladder).

Unpronounceable words are written with an unpronounceable consonant feeling, peer.

When studying and applying this spelling rule, you must be guided by the following questions:

Scope of the rule.
What information serves as support?
What similar cases are possible, how to separate them?
What mistakes are most likely to happen?

Studying the topic “Unpronounceable consonants” makes it possible to generalize all cases of checking a root and its junctions with a prefix and a suffix based on morphemic analysis and selection of cognate, related words. Children understand the uniform basis of all rules for checking the roots of words with unstressed vowels, voiced/voiceless consonants and unpronounceable consonants.

The order of studying the topic:

Observing words that contain unpronounceable consonants.
Identification of combinations and which they exist.
Drawing up a verification rule (by yourself).
Drawing up an algorithm for checking unpronounceable consonants.
Introduction of cases of “false combinations”.
Training - checking spelling options associated with the learned rule.
Search for spellings in the text using books “Literary Reading”.
Composing sentences and text using words with the studied spelling.

Algorithm for checking unpronounceable consonants:

Does the word “dangerous” have a combination of consonants?
There are: [dn], [zn]. No: there is nothing to check.
Select words with the same root in which there is a vowel after [s) or [z] or these sounds are at the end of the word and are heard clearly.
Compare what is being tested and the test words. Draw a conclusion. Write it correctly. Check what you have written.

Didactic material.

Glossary of words with unpronounceable consonants: joyful, late, stormy, oral, valiant, malicious, famous, sad, staircase, participate, lean, furious, starry, area, local, whistled, neighborhood, reed, feeling, honest, private, happy, lovely, sun.
Glossary of words with combinations of “sn” and “z”: haymaking, silage, melliferous, portable, sausage, terrible, spare, dangerous, red, beautiful, useless, tearful, serious, skillful, sailing, vinegar, heavenly, vertical, targeted, cramped, tennis, insipid, handwritten, vain, formidable, collective farm

Students often skip unpronounceable consonants or insert extra letters, because many have not developed the skill of forming the necessary word forms or selecting words with the same root. When working on this topic, you can use the same methodological techniques as when studying dubious consonants. Exercises on spelling words with unpronounceable consonants provide a lot of material for working on vocabulary and word formation, help students understand the semantics of a number of difficult words, and practice parsing words by composition. As a result of this work, students are convinced of how important it is to correctly identify the root and select related words. Repetition of various techniques for checking the spelling of unpronounceable consonants is given during the exercises.

Exercises.

Exercise No. 1.

Insert the missing letters: in adjectives - unpronounceable consonants (if any), and in nouns - consonants paired on the basis of deafness and voicedness.

Sail...boat, baby's...bed..., cabbage...cakes..., joyful...smile..., beautiful...bro ...ka, city square...ka, sad...sk...ka, interesting book...ka, lovely grey...ki, giant ...sky century, delicious...nuts...dangerous jumps...ki, famous le...chick, wonderful...unforgettable. ..ka, unfortunate ko...ka.

Exercise No. 2.

Add suitable nouns to the adjectives. Insert unpronounceable consonants where necessary.

Starry, powerful, dangerous, happy, tasty, late, interesting, famous.

Words for reference: pie, turn, evening, exclamation, writer, day, horizon, story, incident, voice

Exercise No. 3.

From these nouns, form cognate adjectives with an unpronounceable or voiceless-paired consonant at the root of the word.

Children - _________________________
rage – _________________________________
sadness - ________________________
bad weather - ______________________
misfortune - _____________________
cabbage - _______________________
mouth – __________________________
honor - _________________________
flattery – _________________________

Exercise No. 4.

Insert the missing letters.

Forest...feast, holiday, surroundings, heart...honesty, sun...sun, trip...ka, area, chu. ..stvo, fame...ness, cap...nik, childhood.

Exercise No. 5.

Insert the missing letters.

It's late...sleep. The p...year is worth a...de...no. The rays of the sun...light the earth. (From) z...mli (by) seemed... m...l...giving a fuck...ka. Snowdrops and lily of the valley appeared... . (On) the... roars... (on) the booze of the kidneys. The forest smelled of sweet birch sap. Soon the leaves on the trees will become lazy. Already in...their first green...tongues. Good sleep!
Birds sing funny songs. Happy...but they tweet in...rob...and. Nimble titmice are jumping. Everyone is happy about spring!

Exercise No. 6.

Insert the missing letters:

Hourly boarding house, emergency exit, whistle loudly, wonderful taste, famous traveler, happy day, joyful holiday.. .nick, branch crunched...sensitive skin, selfless act, simple...technique, dependent person, ponderous gait, forester span, bulky closet, hello.

Literature:

Zhedek P.S. “Ways for restructuring teaching spelling”, “Primary School”, 1988, No. 10.
Lvov M.R. “Spelling in primary grades”, Moscow, 1990.
Sedykh V.N. “Exercises in writing words with unpronounceable consonants.”
http://www.russisch-fuer-kinder.de

Sometimes consonants play hide and seek with us. They are not pronounced, but are written in a notebook. Lesson topic: “Rule for checking the spelling of words with unpronounceable consonants.”

Kind word Hello I told you. " I wish you good health!“This is how the military greet each other. What did the word mean? health? Health is health. And to be healthy meant to be healthy and to live, to be alive. Therefore, our greeting is hello! means: be healthy and live, be alive.

Hello, hello- this is how these words are written, since there is a related word health (health).

And we pronounce these words differently: hello, hello.

Some sounds of the Russian language are difficult to pronounce when there are several other consonants next to them. So they decided to write letters in place of these sounds, but not pronounce the sounds.

There are many words in the Russian language that contain three consonant sounds in a row. One consonant sound out of three is not pronounced. Such consonant sounds are called unpronounceable.

Let's read the words with the same root. Let's find words in which not all consonant sounds are pronounced.

News, news, messenger, known, known.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words ve [s’n’]ik, izve[sn]y, izve[sn]o.

The root -west- is spelled the same in words with the same root.

Sad, sad, sad, sad.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words gru[sn]o, gru[sn]y. The root -sad- is written the same way.

The letter that denotes an unpronounceable consonant sound will be underlined with one line. This is a spelling.

messenger - news

sad - sadness

In these words you can clearly hear the sound [t’] at the end of the word. Let's underline the letter in the test word with two strokes.

messenger - news

sad - sad

In these words, the sound [t’] is clearly heard, since after the consonant sound there is a vowel. Let's underline these letters with two strokes.

To avoid mistakes in spelling words with unpronounceable consonants, you need to choose a word with the same root so that the unpronounceable sound can be clearly heard.

Test words can be words with the same root:

- the consonant sound is clearly heard at the end of the word;

- a consonant sound is clearly heard when placed before a vowel.

Let's try to solve a new spelling problem using methods of checking roots that are familiar to you.

Change the words according to the command of the question what? Choose a single root word that answers the question what?

miraculous - wonderful, miracles, wonderful interesting - interesting, interest, interesting whistling - whistle, whistling at [sn] and I - lips, oral khru[sn]ula - crunch, crunch All words contain a combination of consonants [sn] or [s'n'].

In words wonderful, interesting between the sounds [sn] there is no unpronounceable sound [t], and therefore there is no letter t. In words whistle, oral, crunched There is an unpronounceable consonant sound [t], and there is also the letter t.

How do you know if a word has an unpronounceable consonant sound or not?

Let's read the words as we say them. Listen to the sounds in the indicated places.

star zdn oh, gro zn oh, by zdn yay, right zdn uh, what's the matter zn ik, chu vstv oh, teaching stv wow

star[zn]oe, thunderous[zn]y, po[z'n']y, pra[z'n']ik, proka[z'n']ik, feel[st]a, participating What is interesting about the designation of sounds [stv], [zn], [z'n']?

In place of sounds [stv] there may be letters stv, vst.

In place of the sounds [zn], [z’n’] there may be letters zn, zdn.

Apply familiar verification methods and prove that the words are spelled correctly.

starry - (what?) star, late - (what to do?) be late, holiday - (what?) idle

These words have an unpronounceable consonant sound, so we write the letter d

formidable - (what to do?) threaten, prankish - (what?) pranks

There is no unpronounceable consonant sound in these words, so there is no letter d

In the words of feeling, the dictionary will help you remember the letters.

Let's say these words and listen to the sounds: so[nts] e, se[rts]e.

We recognize the necessary letters using test words of the same root.

There are such proverbs: “When sunshine Warm, mother's presence is good. The sharp word stings heart».

sun, (what?) sunny - sun

heart, (what?) heart - heart

Words have unpronounceable consonant sounds, they are indicated by letters L, D.

You might be surprised that the words cross and surroundings They used to be of the same root. In ancient times there was a word in the Russian language around, which meant around, about, on all four sides. A neighborhood- this is a place around something or in the vicinity of something, for example: a city and its environs.

Neighborhood can be verified by word surroundings

What combinations of sounds when writing are dangerous?

Unpronounceable consonants can be in the following sound combinations:

[sn], [s’n’], [zn], [z’n’], [stv], [nts], [rts].

When writing, these combinations of sounds are dangerous, since there may be a spelling: a letter in place of an unpronounceable consonant sound.

Letters of unpronounceable consonants: D, T, V, L.

Let's remember the verification methods:

Powerful, joyful, unhappy,

both charming and stormy,

valiant, selfless, honest.

Don't forget these words.

When writing, insert a T in them.

Solve spelling problems in words with a dangerous combination of sounds [sn]. Try to remember the verification methods.

What?

Vlas T ny - (what?) power

rados T ny - (what?) joy

unfortunately T ny - (what?) misfortune

lovely T ny - (what?) lovely

not us T ny - (what?) bad weather

selfless T ny - (what?) self-interest

dobles T ny - (what?) valor

ches T ny - (what?) honor

Delicious, clear, interesting,

safe and heavenly,

and wonderful and beautiful,

both terrible and futile.

Don't forget these words

do not insert the letter T into them.(N. Betenkova)

Let's select words with the same root that answer the question What? Let's change these words using the question command what?

tasty - (what?) tasty

vowel - (what?) voice

interesting - (what?) interesting

safe - (what?) safe

heavenly - (what?) heaven

wonderful - (what?) miracles

wonderful - (what?) wonderful

terrible - (what?) terrible

vain - (what?) vain

There is no unpronounceable consonant in these words, so the letter T should not be in them.

Let's think about the transcriptions of words:

Transcriptions of words are given. Why are there more letters in words than sounds?

[l’es’n’itsa] - stairs 7 sounds, 8 letters [m’esny’] - local 6 sounds, 7 letters [sv’ersn’ik] - peer 8 sounds, 9 letters

These words have more letters than sounds, since one sound is unpronounceable

Word ladder can't be verified.

Local let's check with a word place.

Word peer derived from the ancient Russian word verst, which meant age.

And here peer it is written without the letter T. The spelling of the word must be remembered.

Conclusion:

In order not to make mistakes in writing words with unpronounceable consonant sounds, you need to choose a word with the same root so that the unpronounceable sound can be clearly heard.

Today the weather is stormy

And I'm so unhappy.

The rain is absolutely terrible.

It would soon become clear again

And the red sun would shine,

And it would be wonderful all around!

Nobody likes rainy weather because you can't go out and play with your friends. What to do while sitting at home when it’s raining outside? Maybe study how unpronounceable consonants at the root of words are written?

Rule

To correctly write such words, you need to learn the rule:

Let's apply it to the words from the poem:

Today the weather is inclement T ye),

And I'm so unhappy (unfortunately) T e).

The rain is falling absolutely terrible (terrible - no T).

It would soon become clear again (clear - no T),

And the sun would shine red (red - no T),

And it would be wonderful all around (wonderful - no T)!

This helps to check the unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word. It is very simple, you must learn it by heart.

Choose a test word

Let's play the test word game. For each of the examples below, select a test cognate word

famous, messenger, agenda (news, message, news, message);
sad (sadness, be sad);
hello (health, health, healthy);
starry (star, asterisk);
cabbage (cabbage);
locality (place, place);
inclement (inclement weather);
late (to be late, late);
joyful (joy);
whistle (whistle, whistle);
heart (heart, heart);
sun (sunny);
reed (reed);
participant (participation);
honest (honor);
dangerous (fear);
wonderful (miracles);
terrible (terrible);
interesting (interesting).

Second graders begin to learn root words. 2nd grade should already be able to select test words.

Words to remember with unpronounceable consonants

It is not always possible to apply the rule. There are words in which unpronounceable consonants cannot be checked. They are called dictionary, their spelling needs to be learned:

staircase - a series of steps or rungs;
holiday - a day when a significant event is celebrated;
feelings - internal experience, emotional state;
peers - people of the same age;
peers is a synonym for the word "peers".

Find words that have unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word

It is necessary to develop the ability to find words with unpronounceable consonants among others. This requires training. Here are sentences, find words in them with unpronounceable consonants.

These sentences use words with different spellings, among them “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word”, examples of such words: messenger, joyful, charming, wonderful, beautiful, starry, cabbage, agenda, late, reeds, localities.

Divide the words into two groups

Words for distribution: ne...y (heavenly), svi...y (whistle), dreve...y (woody), kol...y (wheeled), must...y (oral), inter...y (interesting), hru...ut ( crunch), zap...oh (spare), viru...y (viral), glad...y (joyful), consonant (consonant), ko...y (bone).

This task helps develop the ability to classify words according to their orthographic characteristics: there is an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word or there is no unpronounceable consonant.

Puzzles

Let's play riddles. You need to guess and write down the last word in the sentence:

At dawn, _______________(sun) peeks through the window.
My love will open the door in your ____________(heart).
On a frosty night, lights burn in the _____________ (starry) sky.
He is a known truth-teller, he will not tolerate lies, because he is __________ (honest).

This task will be interesting to complete when studying the topic “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word.” 3rd graders will cope with this work easily and fun.

Mini dictations

Now let's write a little dictation. Choose any:

It's a beautiful morning! It just rained. The cabbage beds are washed and fresh. The sun's rays warm up, and the damp earth smells good. My heart is happy from this beautiful morning. Hello summer!

Unsuccessful hunt

The hunt was unsuccessful. It was a stormy day. The sun disappeared behind the clouds, and a sad light rain began to fall. We got out of the forest. The area was known to us. The village herd grazed on this pasture in the summer. A shepherd's hut was visible nearby. We will rest in it after an unsuccessful hunt.

Spring came

The stormy days are over and spring has arrived. The birds are singing cheerfully, the sun is warming, the streams are babbling joyfully. The area was covered with grass, lilies of the valley bloomed under the trees. The buds on the trees opened. Hello Spring!

All these dictations are intended to test knowledge on the topic “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of words.” 3rd grade should cope with such tasks.

Insert words in the text

There was a very interesting text, but the letter-eating beetle ate some of the letters in the words. What to do? It is necessary to return the original form to words that have unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word.

A famous writer wrote a story about a prince who was invincible in battles. The word...the portrait speaks of the weak...character and terrible appearance of the prince. This prince took part in the campaign and was exposed to dangers. He himself was so cruel that he only spared one old man once.

One day after the victory, he arranged a festive feast. The table was bursting with delicious...i..tv. But the joyful feast was interrupted. The social...ce hid behind the clouds and there was a storm of... A strong wind blew, thunder roared, and lightning flashed. The prince felt severe pain, and then fell to the ground unconscious. Groo... but this story would have ended, but then a sorcerer appeared. He was the same age as the century. This old magician miraculously revived the prince and said: “Hello, prince! You once saved me from death, I returned the debt to you!”

Let's make sentences from words

When everyone has learned to write a dictation, you can move on to a more complex task - composing sentences. To do this, we use words that contain the studied spelling “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word.” Examples of such words: at a school holiday, joyful faces, concert participants, beautiful flowers, a beautiful area, a famous writer, an interesting story, heralds of spring, late autumn, inclement weather, a sad look.

With these words you can make, for example, the following sentences:

By creating sentences using words that have an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word, third graders remember them best.

In some words D, T, V, L are not pronounced, but are written.

For example: stellar, local, hello, sun.

To check an unpronounceable consonant, you need to choose a word with the same root so that this consonant is clearly heard.

For example: stellar - star, local - place, hello - health, sun-Sun.

Some words cannot be verified. REMEMBER! feeling, stairs

If in a combination of consonants when a word is changed the consonant is not heard, then there is no need to write it.

For example: wonderful, my dear.

d- starry, pos...but, holiday, heart...

T-glossy, sad, oblique, mustache, forest, surroundings, locality, drooping zero, famous, lovely, furious, happy, honest .ny, weight..nik, rope...nik,

kapus.ny, nenas.ny, joyful, hourly, gigantic, regional, powerful, strong.

V - feeling, hello...

l- s...ntse

Combination dc-cn

sn- miracles..but, beautiful..but, terrible..but, dangerous, in vain, taste..but, interesting..but, cramped, fresh, heavenly.., sailing.., agreeable, voiceless , speechless

zn- ugly..., kind...,

iron..., collective farm..., serious..., diamond...

SEPARATING SIGN

The dividing solid sign shows that the consonant sound does not merge with the vowel.

It is written after prefixes ending in a consonant and before a root beginning with the vowels E, Yo,

For example: entrance, shooting, pre-anniversary, announcement.

-EAT-: lifting... up, lifting, lifting... up, this, volume... up.

-ED-: edible, s...casual, lunch...snacks, lunch...lunch.

-EATING: over...eats, with...eats, about...eats, under...eats. -YASN-: explained, clarified.

-YAR-: furious...furious.

-EROSH-: disheveled.

-EX-: in...drove, from...drove, drove up...drove, off...drove, around...drove

-EZZH-: in...to drive up, to...drive up, from...to drive up. -DRIVING-: under...driving, in...driving, exiting, from...driving. - I'M IN-: announcement, present.

-ONE-: unite, un...unite.

-YAN-: from...yan.

-Yat-: hugs.

-HEDGEHOG-: cringed..cringed.

-ECC-: injection.

-ulcer- s..sarcastically –

ANNIVERSARY- pre...anniversary

SOFT SIGN AFTER SIZZING

IN In feminine nouns, after sibilants, a soft sign is written at the end of the word. In masculine nouns, a soft sign is not written after the hissing words at the end of the word. For example: daughter, garage.

1. Youth..., drawing..., trumpeter..., rich man...,
help..., owl..., thing..., carcass..., siskin...,
march..., knife..., minced meat..., mouse..., shower... .

2. Watchman..., swift..., dry..., husband..., weaver...,
reed..., plush..., jam..., circus performer...,
kalach..., wasteland..., brooch..., ray..., guard...

3. Report..., luxury..., prince..., cry...
brick..., quiet..., breach..., hut..., daughter...,
key..., jumble..., midnight..., Muscovite...

4. Small thing..., tractor..., barbel..., head teacher..., game...,
crumb..., match..., trick..., reckless...,
flow..., speech..., stove..., sword..., scourge..., harness...

5. Lodge..., arena..., ball..., violinist...,
ruff..., trembling..., tornado..., bream..., borscht...,
doctor..., birth..., lily of the valley..., crew...

6. Night..., rook..., cloak..., baby..., Easter cake...; goulash..., cake..., key..., crying..., bitter..., walrus..., luggage..., landscape..., false..., prince... .

Classes

UNACCUSSED ENDINGS I – E IN

NOUNS

AND 3 DECLINATIONS IN THE GENTIVE,

DATIVE AND PREPOSITIONAL