Innovative technologies in education. Modern innovations in education. Examples

Innovations in the field of education - everything related to the introduction of advanced pedagogical experience into practice. The educational process, which occupies a leading place in modern science, is aimed at transferring knowledge, skills, abilities to students, at the formation of personality, citizenship. Changes are dictated by time, a change in attitude to training, education, development.

The Importance of Innovation in Education

Innovative technologies in education allow you to regulate learning, direct it in the right direction. People have always been frightened by everything unknown and new, they have a negative attitude to any changes. Stereotypes that exist in the mass consciousness, affecting the habitual way of life, lead to painful phenomena, hinder the renewal of all types of education. The reason for the reluctance of people to accept innovations in modern education lies in the blocking of vital needs for comfort, security, self-affirmation. Not everyone is ready for the fact that they will have to re-study the theory, take exams, change their minds, spend personal time and money on this. Once the update process starts, it can only be stopped using special techniques.

Innovation Implementation Methods

The most common ways to test the effectiveness of reforms launched in education are:

• Method of concretizing documents. In order to evaluate innovations in the education system, the possibility of a large-scale introduction of innovations in the educational process is suppressed. A separate school, university, DU is selected, and an experiment is conducted on their basis.
• Piecewise injection method. It implies the introduction of a separate new innovative element.
• "Eternal experiment" involves the evaluation of the results obtained over a long period of time.

Parallel implementation implies the coexistence of the old and new educational process, analysis of the effectiveness of such a synthesis.

Problems of introducing innovations

Innovative technologies in education are "slowed down" for various reasons.

1. Creativity barrier. Teachers who are accustomed to working according to old programs do not want to change anything, learn, or develop. They are hostile to all innovations in the educational system.
2. Conformism. Due to opportunism, unwillingness to develop, fear of looking like a black sheep in the eyes of others, seeming ridiculous, teachers refuse to make unusual pedagogical decisions.
3. Personal anxiety. Due to lack of self-confidence, abilities, strengths, low self-esteem, fear of expressing their opinions openly, many teachers resist any changes in the educational institution to the last opportunity.
4. Rigidity of thinking. Teachers of the old school consider their opinion the only, final, not subject to revision. They do not seek to acquire new knowledge, skills, they have a negative attitude towards new trends in modern educational institutions.

How to Embrace Innovation

Innovative behavior does not imply adaptation, it implies the formation of one's own individuality, self-development. The teacher must understand that innovative education is a way of educating a harmonious personality. “Ready-made templates” are not suitable for him, it is important to constantly improve your own intellectual level. A teacher who has got rid of "complexes", psychological barriers, is ready to become a full-fledged participant in innovative transformations.

Learning Technology

It is a guide for the implementation of the goals set by the educational institution. This is a systemic category that is focused on the didactic use of scientific knowledge, the organization of the educational process using empirical innovations of teachers, and increasing the motivation of schoolchildren and students. Depending on the type of educational institution, different approaches to education are used.

Innovations in universities

Innovation in higher education implies a system consisting of several components:

• learning objectives;
• content of education;
• motivation and means of teaching;
• process participants (students, teachers);
• performance results.

The technology implies two components related to each other:

1. Organization of the activity of the trainee (student).
2. Control of the educational process.

When analyzing learning technologies, it is important to highlight the use of modern electronic means (ICT). Traditional education involves overloading academic disciplines with redundant information. With innovative education, the management of the educational process is organized in such a way that the teacher plays the role of a tutor (mentor). In addition to the classic option, a student can choose distance learning, saving time and money. The position of students regarding the option of learning is changing, they are increasingly choosing non-traditional types of learning. The priority task of innovative education is the development of analytical thinking, self-development, self-improvement. To assess the effectiveness of innovation at the highest level, the following blocks are taken into account: educational and methodological, organizational and technical. Experts are involved in the work - specialists who can evaluate innovative programs.

Among the factors hindering the introduction of innovations in the educational process, the leading positions are occupied by:

• insufficient equipment of educational institutions with computers and electronic means (in some universities there is no stable Internet, there are not enough electronic manuals, methodological recommendations for performing practical and laboratory work);
• insufficient qualification in the field of ICT of the teaching staff;
• inattention of the leadership of the educational institution to the use of innovative technologies in the educational process.

To solve such problems, retraining of teachers, seminars, video conferences, webinars, the creation of multimedia classrooms, educational work among students on the use of modern computer technologies should be carried out. The best option for introducing innovations into the system of higher education is distance learning through the use of global and local world networks. In the Russian Federation, this method of learning is in its "embryonic" state, in European countries it has long been used everywhere. For many residents of villages and villages remote from large cities, this is the only way to get a diploma of a special secondary or higher education. In addition to taking entrance exams remotely, you can communicate with teachers, listen to lectures, and participate in seminars via Skype.

Innovations in education, examples of which we have given, not only “bring science to the masses”, but also reduce the material costs of education, which is quite relevant given the global economic crisis.

Innovations in preschool education

Innovations in preschool education are based on the modernization of old educational standards, the introduction of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standards. A modern teacher tries to constantly educate himself, develop, look for options for the education and development of children. The teacher must have an active civic position, instill love for the motherland in his wards. There are several reasons why innovation has become essential for early childhood education. First of all, they help to fully satisfy the needs of parents. Without innovation, it is difficult for preschool institutions to compete with other similar institutions.

To determine the leader among kindergartens, a special competition of innovations in education has been developed. The owner of the high title "The Best Kindergarten" receives a well-deserved award - a huge competition for a preschool institution, respect and love of parents and kids. In addition to the introduction of new educational programs, innovations can also be in other areas: work with parents, personnel, and management. With their correct application, the preschool institution functions without failures, ensures the development of a harmonious personality of kids. Among the technologies representing innovations in education, examples include the following:

• project activity;
• student-centered learning;
• health-saving technologies;
• research activities;
• information and communication training;
• game technique.

Features of health-saving technologies

They are aimed at the formation of preschool children's ideas about a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the physical condition of children. Given the significant deterioration of the environmental situation, the introduction of this innovative technology in preschool education is relevant. The implementation of the methodology depends on the goals set by the preschool institution.

1. The main task is to preserve the physical health of children. These are health monitoring, nutrition analysis, the formation of a health-saving environment in the educational institution.
2. Improving the health status of preschoolers through the introduction of respiratory, orthopedic, finger gymnastics, stretching, hardening, hatha yoga.

In addition to working with ordinary children, the development of children with developmental disabilities is also provided by modern innovations in education. Examples of projects for special children: "Accessible Environment", "Inclusive Education". Increasingly, in the classroom with kids, educators use color, fairy tale, art therapy, ensuring the full development of children.

Project activity

According to the new educational standards, both educators and teachers are required to participate in project activities together with pupils. For preschool institutions, such activities are carried out together with the teacher. Its purpose is to solve a certain problem, to find an answer to the questions posed at the initial stage of work. There is a division of projects into several types:

• individual, frontal, group, pair (depending on the number of participants);
• gaming, creative, informational, research (according to the method of conducting);
• long-term, short-term (by duration);
• with the inclusion of cultural values, society, family, nature (depending on the subject).

In the course of project work, the guys educate themselves, gain teamwork skills.

Research activities

When analyzing innovation in education, examples can be found in research. With their help, the child learns to identify the relevance of the problem, determine ways to solve it, choose methods for the experiment, conduct experiments, draw logical conclusions, and determine the prospects for further research in this area. Among the main methods and techniques needed for research: experiments, conversations, modeling situations, didactic games. At present, for novice researchers, with the support of scientists, leading higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation hold competitions and conferences: "First steps into science", "I am a researcher". Kids get their first experience of public defense of completed experiments, conducting a scientific discussion.

ICT

Such innovations in vocational education in the age of scientific progress have become especially relevant and in demand. The computer has become commonplace in preschools, schools, colleges. A variety of exciting programs help to form children's interest in mathematics and reading, develop logic and memory, introduce them into the world of "magic and transformations." Those animated pictures that flash on the monitor intrigue the baby, concentrate his attention. Modern computer programs allow the teacher, together with the children, to simulate different life situations, to look for ways to solve them. Given the individual abilities of the child, you can adjust the program for a particular baby, monitor his personal growth. Among the problems associated with the use of ICT technologies, the leading position is occupied by the excessive use of computers in the classroom.

Methodology of personality-oriented development

This innovative technology involves the creation of conditions for the formation of the individuality of a preschooler. To implement this approach, they create corners for classes and games, sensory rooms. There are special programs that preschool institutions work on: "Rainbow", "Childhood", "From Childhood to Adolescence".

Game techniques in remote control

They are the real foundation of modern preschool education. Taking into account the GEF, the personality of the baby comes to the fore. During the game, kids get acquainted with various life situations. There are many functions performed by games: educational, cognitive, developing. Innovative game exercises are considered:

• games that help preschoolers highlight certain features of objects, compare them with each other;
• generalization of objects according to familiar features;
• exercises during which kids learn to distinguish reality from fiction

Inclusive education

Thanks to the innovations introduced in the educational process in recent years, children with serious health problems have received a chance for full-fledged education. The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation has developed and tested a national project, which indicates all the nuances of inclusive education. The state took care of equipping not only the children, but also their mentors with modern computer equipment. With the help of Skype, the teacher conducts remote lessons, checks homework. This type of training is important from a psychological point of view. The kid understands that he is needed not only by parents, but also by teachers. Children with problems with the musculoskeletal, speech apparatus, who cannot attend regular educational institutions, study with tutors according to individual programs.

Conclusion

Pedagogical innovations introduced in educational institutions of modern Russia help to implement the social order: to instill in schoolchildren and students a sense of patriotism, civic responsibility, love for the native land, respect for folk traditions. Information and communication technologies have become commonplace in kindergartens, schools, academies, and universities. Among the latest innovations affecting educational institutions: conducting a unified state exam online, sending examination papers by pre-scanning. Of course, Russian education still has many unresolved problems, which innovations will help to eliminate.

Innovative technology is a tool of the field of knowledge, covering methodological and organizational issues Research in this area is carried out by such a field of science as innovation.

Modern innovative technologies are associated with a large number of problems that can be the subject of their research. Also, this concept can be attributed to new means of regulation with the subsequent development of some social processes that have the ability to achieve compliance in the complexities of the social situation. Thus, innovative technology should be aimed at meeting human and social needs in the face of uncertainty.

Essence

So, let's take a closer look at the term. Innovative technology - a certain innovation in the field of technology, technology and labor organization or management, which is based on the effective use of best practices and scientific achievements. It allows you to improve the quality of products in the manufacturing sector. The use of this term does not mean any innovation or innovation, but only those that are capable of seriously increasing the efficiency of the existing system.

The use of innovative technologies provides for the implementation of a set of organizational measures and techniques that are aimed at maintaining, manufacturing, operating and repairing the product with optimal costs and a nominal quantity. As a result of such activities in various areas of life, innovations are not only created, but also materialized. Also, their action is aimed at the rational use of economic, social material resources.

Classification

Can be classified according to the following criteria:

• according to the degree of novelty;
• by scope and scale of application;
• due to the occurrence;
• in terms of efficiency.

Requires system creation

Practice in this area has always been ambiguous and complex. At the same time, the solution of emerging problems that are found in modern conditions and are expressed by complete disregulation and inadequacy of social instruments of application requires certain knowledge. This implies the creation of a reasoned and flexible system of scientific justification of innovations, capable of taking into account the specifics and logic of applying not only the innovation itself, but also the peculiarities of its perception and evaluation. Only in this case, the implementation of innovation can be effective. This innovation approach is based on the simultaneous study of all aspects of the interaction between the social environment and innovation, identifying those areas of such interaction that can have a greater impact on the success of innovation processes, with anticipation and recognition of possible problematic issues in this area.

Thus, it is advisable to single out such components of the innovation system as diagnostics and research of innovations.

Innovative technologies have become perhaps the greatest agent of change in the modern world. Risk is never without risk, but positive technological breakthroughs promise to provide innovative solutions to today's most pressing global challenges, from resource scarcity to global environmental change. (…) By highlighting the most important technological advances, the Council seeks to raise awareness of their potential and help close gaps in investment, regulation and public perception.

− Noubar Afeyan, Entrepreneur, Contributor to the Report

Now let's look at the innovations themselves.

These innovative technologies are practically invisible. These include in-ear headphones that monitor heart rate, sensors that monitor posture (worn under clothing), temporary tattoos that monitor the functioning of vital organs, and tactile soles that show you the way using GPS using vibration.

The latter, by the way, want to use as a guide for the blind. And the well-known Google Glass glasses, innovative technology, is already helping oncologists in carrying out operations.

Google Glass is an innovative technology

2. Nanostructured graphite composite materials

Automobile exhaust polluting the atmosphere is the scourge of modern environmentalists. It is not surprising that increasing the working efficiency of transport is one of the priority technological areas.

This will be facilitated by carbon fiber nanostructuring techniques for the latest composite materials, which will help reduce the weight of cars by 10% or more. For what? A light car needs less fuel, which means it will pollute the environment less.

Another problem of an ecological nature is the decrease in fresh water reserves and the associated desalination of sea water. Desalination allows you to increase the supply of fresh water, but it also has disadvantages. And, serious. Desalination requires a lot of energy and also produces concentrated salt water waste. The latter, returning to the sea, has an extremely negative effect on marine flora and fauna.

And the most promising solution to this issue may be a fundamentally new look at this waste. They can be considered as a raw material source of very valuable substances: lithium, magnesium, uranium, ordinary soda, calcium, potassium compounds.

Energy problems are an inexhaustible source of questions. But some of them seem to be quite solvable, thanks to new innovative technologies. For example, it is proposed to use flow batteries to store chemical energy in liquid form and in large quantities. This is similar to how we store coal and gas.

They will allow you to save quite large amounts of energy and all kinds of solid batteries, moreover, in cheap and affordable materials.

Recently, high-capacity graphene capacitors have also been invented, with which you can charge and discharge batteries very quickly, making many tens of thousands of cycles. Other potentials are also being considered by engineers, such as kinetic energy in large flywheels and compressed air storage underground.

Molecular structure of graphene

5. Nanowire lithium-ion batteries

These innovative batteries will charge faster and produce 30-40% more electricity than today's lithium-ion batteries. All this will help improve the market for electric vehicles, and will also allow you to store solar energy right at home. Experts suggest that even now and over the next two years, silicon anode batteries will also be used in smartphones.

A real leap forward in this area occurred last year. That is why it is highly likely that in the near future we will have important breakthroughs regarding the use of innovative screenless display technology. What is it about? About the virtual reality headset, bionic contact lenses, the development of mobile phones for the elderly and the visually impaired, video holograms that do not require glasses and moving parts.

Glyph: a futuristic virtual reality helmet

7. Medicines for human intestinal microflora

Recently, it has become clear that the intestinal microflora affects the development of many diseases - from infections and obesity to diabetes and inflammation of the digestive tract.

Everyone knows that antibiotics destroy the intestinal microflora, causing complications such as infections from the bacterium Clostridium difficile, and sometimes life threatening. Therefore, today clinical trials are being conducted all over the world. As a result, it was possible to detect groups of microbes in a healthy intestine. These microbes will help create next-generation drugs, which, in turn, will help improve the treatment of human intestinal microflora.

These are also new generation medicines. Advances in the study of ribonucleic acids (RNA) will allow them to be obtained. With the help of these preparations it will be possible to dilute the natural protein present in excessive amounts and it will be possible to produce optimized medicinal proteins in the natural conditions of the body.

RNA-based drugs will be produced by already established private firms, but in cooperation with large pharmaceutical companies and research centers.

9. Predictive analytics

Smartphones are innovative technologies that contain an incredible amount of information about the activities of people, both owners of these smartphones and their acquaintances (contact lists, call logs, GPS, Wi-Fi, location-based photos, download data, applications we use etc.) will help build detailed predictive models about people and their behavior.

All this, according to experts, should serve a good purpose - for example, urban planning, the appointment of individual drugs, medical diagnostics.

Innovative technology Controlling a computer with just the power of thought is not a fantasy at all. Moreover, it is much closer to reality than we used to think. Brain-computer interfaces (where a computer reads and interprets signals directly from the brain) are already in clinical trials. And most importantly, there are already good results. They are needed, however, not for entertainment, but for people with disabilities. For example, for those who suffer from quadriplegia (paralysis of the arms and legs), isolation syndrome, people who have had a stroke, and those who use a wheelchair. The brain-computer interface is capable of many things. With it, a person will be able to control, say, a robotic arm in order to drink, eat and do much more. And yet, brain implants can partially restore vision.

Every year, Popular Science selects the best innovations in science and technology. These discoveries will determine our future, and some of them can even be a wonderful New Year's gift. We have selected the 20 most notable innovations of 2016 from the Popular Science list.

1. Virtual reality for ordinary people: Sony Playstation VR

Sam Kaplan

The stringent requirements for high-definition images in VR games require the use of a powerful computer. For over 40 million Sony PS4 owners, using PlayStation VR comes down to plug and play. Unlike cheap smartphone-based systems (think Google Cardboard), the headset provides Full HD resolution for each eye and a wide 100-degree field of view. For example, in the game Star Wars Battlefront Rogue One you can feel like an X-Wing pilot.

2. Anki Cozmo: The smartest pet robot ever

Anki

Scientists have long known that viruses can trigger the immune system to attack cancer, but it took some time to create a virus that would not affect our own organs. In late 2015, IMLYGIC became the first viral cancer drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This is a breakthrough in the fight against melanoma: a modified herpes virus is introduced into the tumor, where it can trigger an immune response in response to cancer.

17. NASA - "Juno": a journey to the center of the gas giant

NASA

On July 4, Juno, an artificial satellite powered by solar panels, began orbiting Jupiter's poles, flying at a distance of 4,200 km from the planet's clouds. "No spacecraft has ever been so close to Jupiter, at the center of the radiation belts with such a high magnetic field," says project scientist Steve Levin. Protected from this radiation by a titanium dome, Juno's scientific instruments, including a radiometer for studying the atmosphere and a particle detector for measuring the magnetic field, will allow scientists to look under the clouds of the gas giant. Over the next year and a half of Juno observations, scientists will learn how much water is on Jupiter and whether the planet has a solid core. Thanks to this, we can learn how the solar system and the Earth formed. Also during this mission, the highest quality images of Jupiter in history were obtained.

18. SpaceX - Falcon 9: rocket landing on an offshore platform

SpaceX

The ability to reuse the first stage of a rocket, the part that normally falls into the ocean, could reduce launch costs by a factor of a hundred, according to chief executive Elon Musk. In April, after four failed attempts, a Falcon 9 rocket landed on an unmanned craft. Key to success: More liquid oxygen propellant for increased thrust and thrust vectoring instead of the previous, less successful version using a parachute.

19. Facebook - Aquila: a drone that distributes the Internet

Facebook

Facebook took another step towards its goal of ubiquitous internet access in a 96-minute full-size drone test in July

Hamidullina Dinara Ildarovna, State Budgetary Educational Institution NPO PL No. 3, Sterlitamak RB, teacher of mathematics

Modern innovative educational technologies

Currently, the teaching methodology is going through a difficult period associated with a change in the goals of education, the development of federal state educational standards built on a competency-based approach. Difficulties also arise due to the fact that in the basic curriculum the number of hours for studying individual subjects is reduced. All these circumstances require new pedagogical research in the field of methods of teaching subjects, the search for innovative means, forms and methods of training and education related to the development and implementation of innovative educational technologies in the educational process.

For a skillful and conscious choice from the existing bank of pedagogical technologies, precisely those that will achieve optimal results in training and education, it is necessary to understand the essential characteristics of the modern interpretation of the concept of "pedagogical technology".

Pedagogical technology answers the question "How to teach effectively?"

Analyzing the existing definitions, we can identify the criteria that make up the essence of pedagogical technology:

definition of learning objectives (why and for what);

content selection and structure (What);

optimal organization of the educational process (How);

methods, techniques and teaching aids (With using what);

as well as taking into account the necessary real level of qualification of the teacher (Who);

and objective methods for evaluating learning outcomes (Is it so).

Thus,“Pedagogical technology” is such a construction of the teacher’s activity, in which the actions included in it are presented in a certain sequence and suggest the achievement of a predictable result.

What is "innovative educational technology"? It is a complex of three interrelated components:

Modern content, which is transmitted to students, involves not so much the development of subject knowledge, but the developmentcompetencies , adequate to modern business practice. This content should be well structured and presented in the form of multimedia educational materials that are transmitted using modern means of communication.

Modern teaching methods are active methods of developing competencies based on the interaction of students and their involvement in the learning process, and not just on passive perception of the material.

A modern learning infrastructure that includes information, technological, organizational and communication components that allow you to effectively use the benefits of distance learning.

A generally accepted classification of educational technologies in Russian and foreign pedagogy does not exist today. Various authors approach the solution of this topical scientific and practical problem in their own way.

Innovative areas or modern educational technologies in the Priority National Project "Education" include: developmental education; problem learning; multi-level training; collective education system; problem solving technology; research teaching methods; project teaching methods; modular learning technologies; lecture-seminar-test system of education; use of gaming technologies in teaching (role-playing, business and other types of educational games); training in cooperation (team, group work); information and communication technologies; health-saving technologies.

Other sources distinguish:

Traditional technologies : referring to traditional technologies various types of training sessions, where any system of means can be implemented that ensures the activity of each student based on a multi-level approach to the content, methods, forms of organization of educational and cognitive activities, to the level of cognitive independence, the transfer of relations between the teacher and the student to parity and much more.

Class-lesson learning technology - ensuring the systematic assimilation of educational material and the accumulation of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Interactive technologies or ggroup learning technologies (work in pairs, groups of permanent and shift staff, frontal work in a circle). Formation of a sociable, tolerant personality, possessing organizational skills and able to work in a group; increasing the efficiency of assimilation of program material.

Game technology (didactic game). Mastering new knowledge based on the application of knowledge, skills and abilities in practice, in cooperation.

(educational dialogue as a specific type of technology, problem-based (heuristic) learning technology. The acquisition by students of knowledge, skills and abilities, the development of methods of independent activity, the development of cognitive and creative abilities.

Technology of prospective-anticipatory learning. Achievement by students of the mandatory minimum content of education. Learning how to solve problems, how to consider opportunities, and how to use knowledge in specific situations. Providing opportunities for each student to independently determine the ways, methods, means of finding the truth (result). Contribute to the formation of methodological competence. Formation of abilities to independently solve problems, to search for the necessary information. Learning how to solve problems.

Workshop technology. Creation of conditions conducive to students' understanding of the goals of their lives, awareness of themselves and their place in the world around them, self-realization in a joint (collective) search, creativity, research activities.

research technology (method of projects, experiment, modeling)or Technology for solving research (inventive) problems (TRIZ). Teaching students the basics of research activities (statement of an educational problem, formulation of a topic, choice of research methods, promotion and testing of a hypothesis, use of various sources of information in the work, presentation of the work performed).

ESM (electronic educational resources,including ICT-technologies ). Training in working with different sources of information, readiness for self-education and a possible change in the educational route.

Cooperation Pedagogy. Implementation of a humane-personal approach to the child and the creation of conditions for the conscious choice of the educational route by students.

Technology of conducting collective creative affairs. Creation of conditions for self-realization of students in creativity, research activities, a team of students. Involving students in the discussion and analysis of the problems that concern them most, self-assessment of various negative life situations. Formation of organizational abilities of students.

Active Learning Methods (MAO) - a set of pedagogical actions and techniques aimed at organizing the educational process and creating conditions by special means that motivate students to independent, proactive and creative development of educational material in the process of cognitive activity

Communication technologies

portfolio technology

Development of critical thinking

Modular learning

Distance learning

Test technologies

Technology for identifying and supporting gifted children

Technologies of additional education, etc.

Each teacher needs to be guided in a wide range of modern innovative technologies, ideas of schools, trends, not to waste time discovering what is already known. Today, it is impossible to be a pedagogically competent specialist without studying the entire vast arsenal of educational technologies. Moreover, this was reflected in job descriptions, in attestation materials. The use of innovative educational technologies is one of the criteria for evaluating the professional activities of a master of p / o and a teacher.

Therefore, we need a more intensive implementation of technologies for our conditions. Of course, we do not have enough time, money or even knowledge to apply some of them, since modern technologies use the latest achievements in science, technology, psychology, etc. But the elements of technology are quite accessible.

Most of the technologies have been considered repeatedly at previous pedagogical councils, training seminars (Appendix 2). Therefore, we will consider technologies less known to us.

Interactive learning technology

or group learning technology

Interactive technologies or group learning technologies are learning based on interactive forms of the learning process. These are group work, educational discussion, game simulation, business game, brainstorming, etc.

These forms of learning are important for students because they allow everyone to get involved in the discussion and solution of the problem, to listen to other points of view. The development of communicative skills and abilities of students occurs both in the communication of microgroups and in the dialogue between groups.

This form of education is psychologically attractive for students, it helps to develop the skills of cooperation, collective creativity. Students are not observers, but solve difficult questions themselves. Each group finds interesting arguments in defense of its point of view.

The organization of group interactions in educational activities can be different, but includes the following steps:

individual work;

work in pairs;

making group decisions.

Groups are organized at the discretion of the teacher or "at will". It is taken into account that a weak student needs not so much a strong one as a patient and friendly interlocutor. You can place students with opposing views so that the discussion of the problem is lively and interesting. There are also “positions” in groups: an observer, a sage, a keeper of knowledge, etc., while each of the students can play one role or another.

Through work in permanent and temporary microgroups, the distance between students decreases. They find approaches to each other, in some cases they discover tolerance in themselves and see its usefulness for the cause in which the group is engaged.

Only a non-standard formulation of the problem forces us to seek help from each other, to exchange points of view.

A lesson plan is drawn up periodically. It contains:

the issue the group is working on;

list of participants;

self-assessment of each participant from the point of view of the group.

For self-assessment and assessment, precise criteria are given in the map so that there is no significant disagreement. The guys willingly join in the assessment of the oral and written answers of their classmates, i.e. take on the role of an expert.

Those. the use of interactive learning technology affectsfformation of a sociable, tolerant personality, possessing organizational skills and able to work in a group; increasing the efficiency of assimilation of program material.

case method

In the context of interactive learning, a technology has been developed that has received the name CASE STUDY or CASE METHOD.

The name of the technology comes from the Latincase- a confused unusual case; as well as from Englishcase- briefcase, suitcase. The origin of the terms reflects the essence of the technology. Students receive a package of documents (case) from the teacher, with the help of which they either identify the problem and ways to solve it, or develop options for getting out of a difficult situation when the problem is identified.

Case studies can be both individual and group. The results of the work can be presented both in writing and orally. Recently, multimedia presentations of results have become more and more popular. Acquaintance with cases can take place both directly in the lesson and in advance (in the form of homework). The teacher can use both ready-made cases and create their own developments. Sources of case studies on subjects can be very diverse: works of art, films, scientific information, museum expositions, and the experience of students.

Case-based learning is a purposeful process built on a comprehensive analysis of the situations presented, - discussions during open discussions of the problems identified in the cases - the development of decision-making skills. A distinctive feature of the method is the creation of a problem situation from real life.

When teaching the case method, the following are formed: Analytical skills. Ability to distinguish data from information, classify, highlight essential and non-essential information and be able to restore them. Practical skills. Use in practice of academic theory, methods and principles. Creative skills. One logic, as a rule, a case - the situation cannot be solved. Creative skills are very important in generating alternative solutions that cannot be found in a logical way.

The advantage of case technologies is their flexibility, variability, which contributes to the development of creativity in the teacher and students.

Of course, the use of case technologies in teaching will not solve all problems and should not become an end in itself. It is necessary to take into account the goals and objectives of each lesson, the nature of the material, the capabilities of students. The greatest effect can be achieved with a reasonable combination of traditional and interactive learning technologies, when they are interconnected and complement each other.

research technology

Project method

The project method is a learning system in which students acquire knowledge and skills in the process of planning and performing gradually more complex practical tasks - projects.

The method with their own aspirations and capabilities, to master the necessary knowledge and projects allows each student to find and choose a job to their liking, according to skills, contributing to the emergence of interest in subsequent activities.

The goal of any project is the formation of various key competencies. Reflective skills; Search (research) skills; Ability and skills to work collaboratively; Managerial skills and abilities; Communication skills; Presentation skills and abilities.

The use of project technologies in teaching makes it possible to build the educational process on the educational dialogue between the student and the teacher, take into account individual abilities, form mental and independent practical actions, develop creative abilities, and activate the cognitive activity of students.

Classification of projects according to the dominant activity of students : Practice-oriented project is aimed at the social interests of the project participants themselves or an external customer. The product is predetermined and can be used in the life of a group, lyceum, city.

research project the structure resembles a genuine scientific study. It includes the substantiation of the relevance of the chosen topic, the designation of research objectives, the obligatory putting forward of a hypothesis with its subsequent verification, and discussion of the results obtained.

Information project is aimed at collecting information about some object, phenomenon for the purpose of its analysis, generalization and presentation for a wide audience.

creative project involves the most free and unconventional approach to the presentation of results. These can be almanacs, theatrical performances, sports games, works of fine or decorative art, video films, etc.

role project is the most difficult to develop and implement. By participating in it, the designers take on the roles of literary or historical characters, fictional characters. The result of the project remains open until the very end.

The method of projects, in its didactic essence, is aimed at the formation of abilities, having which, a school graduate turns out to be more adapted to life, able to adapt to changing conditions, navigate in various situations, work in various teams, because project activity is a cultural form of activity in which it is possible formation of the ability to make responsible choices.

Todaymodern information technologiescan be considered as a new way of transferring knowledge that corresponds to a qualitatively new content of learning and development of the student. This method allows students to learn with interest, find sources of information, cultivate independence and responsibility in obtaining new knowledge, and develop the discipline of intellectual activity. Information technology makes it possible to replace almost all traditional technical teaching aids. In many cases, such a replacement turns out to be more effective, makes it possible to quickly combine a variety of means that contribute to a deeper and more conscious assimilation of the material being studied, saves lesson time, saturates it with information. Therefore, it is quite natural to introduce these tools into the modern educational process.

The question of the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process has already been considered at the pedagogical council. Materials on this issue are in the methodical office.

Technology for the development of critical thinking

New educational standards are introducednew direction of appraisal activity - Evaluation of personal achievements. It has to do with implementationhumanistic paradigm education andperson-centered approach to learning. It becomes important for society to objectify the personal achievements of each subject of the educational process: the student, the teacher, the family. The introduction of the assessment of personal achievements ensures the development of the following personality components: motivation for self-development, the formation of positive guidelines in the structure of the self-concept, the development of self-esteem, volitional regulation, and responsibility.

Therefore, in the standards, the final assessment of students includes andaccumulated assessment characterizing the dynamics of individual educational achievements throughout the years of study.

The optimal way to organize a cumulative assessment system isportfolio . This is the wayfixing, accumulating and evaluating work , the results of the student, indicating his efforts, progress and achievements in various areas over a certain period of time. In other words, it is a form of fixation of self-expression and self-realization. The portfolio provides a transfer of "pedagogical emphasis" from assessment to self-assessment, from what a person does not know and cannot do to what he knows and can do. A significant characteristic of the portfolio is its integrativity, including quantitative and qualitative assessments, involving the cooperation of the student, teachers and parents in the course of its creation, and the continuity of the assessment replenishment.

Technology portfolio implements the followingfunctions in the educational process:

diagnostic (changes and growth (dynamics) of indicators for a certain period of time are recorded);

goal setting (supports educational goals formulated by the standard);

motivational (encourages students, teachers and parents to interact and achieve positive results);

meaningful (maximally reveals the entire range of achievements and work performed);

developing (ensures the continuity of the process of development, training and education);

training (creates conditions for the formation of the foundations of qualimetric competence);

corrective (stimulates development within the framework conditionally set by the standard and society).

For the student portfolio is the organizer of his educational activities,for the teacher - a means of feedback and a tool for evaluation activities.

Severalportfolio types . The following are the most popular:

portfolio of achievements

portfolio - report

portfolio - self-assessment

portfolio - planning my work

(any of them has all the characteristics, but when planning it is recommended to choose one leading one)

Choice Portfolio type depends on the purpose of its creation.

Distinctive feature portfolio is its student-centered nature:

the student, together with the teacher, determines or clarifies the purpose of creating a portfolio;

the student collects material;

the evaluation of results is based on self-assessment and mutual assessment.

An important characteristic portfolio technology is its reflexivity. Reflection is the main mechanism and method of self-certification and self-report.Reflection - the process of cognition based on self-observation of one's inner world. /Ananiev B.G. Man as an object of knowledge. - L. - 1969 ./ "a psychological mirror of oneself".

In addition to general educational skills to collect and analyze information, structure and present it, the portfolio allows you to reach the development of intellectual skills of a higher order - metacognitive skills.

studentgotta learn :

select and evaluate information

specify the goals that he would like to achieve

plan your activities

evaluate and self-evaluate

track your own mistakes and fix them

The introduction of modern educational technologies does not mean that they will completely replace the traditional teaching methods, but will be an integral part of it.

Annex 1

Selevko German Konstantinovich

"Modern educational technologies"

I. Modern Traditional Learning (TO)

II. Pedagogical technologies based on the personal orientation of the pedagogical process
1. Pedagogy of cooperation.
2. Humane-personal technology of Sh.A. Amonashvili
3. The system of E.N. Ilyin: teaching literature as a subject that forms a person

III. Pedagogical technologies based on the activation and intensification of students' activities.
1. Gaming technology
2. Problem based learning
3. Learning intensification technology based on schematic and sign models of educational material (V.F.Shatalov).

4 Technologies of level differentiation
5. Technology of individualization of education (Inge Unt, A.S. Granitskaya, V.D. Shadrikov).

6. Programmed learning technology
7. A collective way of teaching CSR (A.G. Rivin, V.K. Dyachenko)

8. Group technologies.
9. Computer (new information) learning technologies.

IV. Pedagogical technologies based on didactic improvement and reconstruction of the material.
1. "Ecology and dialectics" (L.V. Tarasov).
2. "Dialogue of cultures" (V.S. Bibler, S.Yu. Kurganov).
3. Enlargement of didactic units - UDE (P.M. Erdniev)
4. Implementation of the theory of gradual formation of mental actions (M.B. Volovich).

V. Particular pedagogical technologies.
1. Technology of early and intensive literacy education (N.A. Zaitsev)..

2. Technology for improving general educational skills in elementary school (V.N. Zaitsev)

3. Technology of teaching mathematics based on problem solving (R.G. Khazankin).
4. Pedagogical technology based on a system of effective lessons (A.A. Okunev)
5. The system of phased teaching of physics (N.N. Paltyshev)

VI. Alternative technologies.
1. Waldorf pedagogy (R. Steiner).

2. Technology of free labor (S. Frenet)
3. Technology of probabilistic education (AM Lobok).

4. Workshop technology.

VII.. Nature-friendly technologies.
1 Nature-friendly education of literacy (A.M. Kushnir).

2 Technology of self-development (M. Montessori)

VIII Technologies of developing education.
1. General principles of developmental learning technologies.
2. The system of developing education L.V. Zankova.

3. Technology of developing education D. B. Elkonina-V. V. Davydov.

4. Systems of developmental education with a focus on the development of the creative qualities of the individual (I.P. Volkov, G.S. Altshuller, I.P. Ivanov).
5 Personally-oriented developmental education (I.S. Yakimanskaya)..

6. Technology of self-developing education (G.K. Selevko)

IX. Pedagogical technologies of author's schools.
1. School of adaptive pedagogy (E.A. Yamburg, B.A. Broide).

2. Model "Russian school".

4. School-park (M.A. Balaban).

5. Agricultural school A.A.Katolikov.
6. School of Tomorrow (D. Howard).

Model "Russian school"

Supporters of the cultural-educational approach try to saturate the content of education with Russian ethnographic and historical material as much as possible. They widely use Russian folk songs and music, choral singing, epics, legends, as well as native studies material. A priority place in the curricula is given to such subjects as the native language, Russian history, Russian literature, Russian geography, and Russian art.

school park

Organizationally, the school-park is a set, or a park, open multi-age studios . The studio is understood as a free association of students around a teacher-master for joint learning. At the same time, the composition of the studios is determined, on the one hand, by the composition of the existing teachers, their real knowledge and skills, and, on the other hand, by the educational needs of the students. Thus, the composition of the studios is not constant, it changes, obeying the law of supply and demand in the educational services market.

waldorf schools

Waldorf schools work on the principle of "not getting ahead" of the development of the child, but providing all the opportunities for his development at his own pace. When equipping schools, preference is given to natural materials and unfinished toys and aids (primarily for the development of children's imagination). Much attention is paid to the spiritual development of all participants in the educational process. The educational material is given in blocks (epochs), but the day at all stages of education (from nursery to seminaries) is divided into three parts: spiritual (where active thinking prevails), sincere (teaching music and dance),creative and practical (here children learn primarily creative tasks: sculpt, draw, carve wood, sew, and so on).

Annex 2

Problem learning technology

problematic education - a didactic system of combining different methods and teaching methods of teaching, using which the teacher, systematically creating and using problem situations, ensures a strong and conscious assimilation of knowledge and skills by students.

Problem situation characterizes a certain mental state of the student, which arises as a result of his awareness of the contradiction between the need to complete the task and the inability to carry it out with the help of his knowledge and methods of activity.

In problem-based learning, there is always a statement and solution of a problem - a cognitive task put forward in the form of a question, task, task.

The problem to be solved exists objectively, regardless of whether the situation has become problematic for the student, whether he has realized this contradiction. When the student realizes and accepts the contradiction, the situation will become problematic for him.

Problem-based learning is carried out using almost all teaching methods and, above all, in the process of heuristic conversation. Problem-based learning and heuristic conversation are related as a whole and a part.

Requirements for problem situations and problems

The creation of a problem situation should, as a rule, precede the explanation or independent study by students of new educational material.

The cognitive task is compiled taking into account the fact that the problem should be based on the knowledge and skills that the student owns. It should be sufficient to understand the essence of the issue or task, the ultimate goal and solutions.

The problem should be interesting for students, stimulate the motivation of their active cognitive activity.

The solution of the problem should cause a certain cognitive difficulty that requires active mental activity of students.

The content of the problem in terms of difficulty and complexity should be accessible to students, correspond to their cognitive abilities.

To master a complex system of knowledge and actions, problem situations and corresponding problems must be applied in a certain system:

• • a complex problematic task is divided into smaller and more specific ones;

    each problem is allocated one unknown element;

    into the material communicated by the teacher and assimilated by the students on their own, must be differentiated.

Problem-based learning is used most often as part of a lesson.

Gaming technology

The use of didactic games

An increase in the load in the lessons makes us think about how to maintain students' interest in the material being studied, their activity throughout the lesson. An important role here is given to didactic games in the classroom, which have educational, developmental and nurturing functions that operate in organic unity. Didactic games can be used as a means of training, education and development. The game form of classes is created in the lessons with the help of game techniques and situations. The implementation of game techniques and situations occurs in the following areas:

The didactic goal is set for students in the form of a game task;

Learning activities are subject to the rules of the game;

Educational material is used as a means of play;

An element of competition is introduced into the educational activity, which transforms the didactic task into a game one, the success of the didactic task is associated with the game result.

The student's gaming activity is usually emotional, accompanied by a sense of satisfaction. While playing, students think, experience situations, and against this background, ways to achieve results are easier and more firmly remembered by them. The game form of classes can be used at various stages of the lesson, when studying a new topic, when consolidating, in generalizing lessons.

Thus, the inclusion of didactic games and gaming moments in the lesson makes the learning process interesting, entertaining, and facilitates overcoming difficulties in mastering the educational material.

business games

Business (role-playing, managerial) games - imitation of decision-making and performance of actions in various artificially created or directly practical situations by playing the appropriate roles (individual or group) according to the rules set or developed by the participants themselves.

Signs of business games and requirements for them:

The presence of a problem and a task proposed for solution. Distribution between participants of roles or role functions. The presence of interactions between players that repeat (imitate) real connections and relationships.

The multi-link and logic of the chain of decisions arising from one another in the course of the game.

The presence of conflict situations due to differences in the interests of participants or the conditions of information activity. The plausibility of a simulated situation or situations taken from reality.

The presence of a system for evaluating the results of gaming activities, competitiveness or competitiveness of the players.

Cooperation Pedagogy

"Pedagogy of cooperation" is a humanistic idea of ​​joint developmental activities of students and teachers, based on the awareness of common goals and ways to achieve them. The teacher and students in the educational process are equal partners, while the teacher is an authoritative teacher-mentor, a senior comrade, and students receive sufficient independence both in acquiring knowledge and experience, and in forming their own life position.

Fundamentals of "pedagogy of cooperation"

Stimulation and direction ""by the teacher of the cognitive and vital interests of students;

The exclusion of coercion as an inhumane and not giving a positive result means in the educational process; replacing coercion with desire;

Respectful attitude of the teacher to the personality of the student; recognition of his right to make a mistake;

The high responsibility of the teacher for their judgments, assessments, recommendations, requirements, actions;

High responsibility of students for their academic work, behavior, relationships in the team.

Multidimensional technology V.E. Steinberg

The use of multidimensional didactic technology (MDT) or the technology of didactic multidimensional tools (DMI) developed, used and described by Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences V.E. It is the multidimensional didactic technology, and with the help of didactic multidimensional tools, that allows presenting knowledge in a collapsed and expanded form and managing the activities of students in their assimilation, processing and use.

The main idea of ​​MDT - and the idea of ​​the multidimensionality of the surrounding world, a person, an educational institution, an educational process, and cognitive activity. It is the multidimensional didactic technology that makes it possible to overcome the stereotype of one-dimensionality when using traditional forms of presentation of educational material (text, speech, diagrams, etc.) and to include students in active cognitive activity in the assimilation and processing of knowledge, both for understanding and memorizing educational information, and for development thinking, memory and effective ways of intellectual activity.

The MDT is based on a number of principles:

1. The principle of multidimensionality (multi-aspect), integrity and consistency of the structural organization of the surrounding world.

2. splitting principle - combining elements into a system, including:

splitting the educational space into external and internal plans of educational activity and their integration into a system;

splitting the multidimensional space of knowledge into semantic groups and their integration into a system;

splitting information into conceptual and figurative components and their combination in system images - models.

3. The principle of bichannel activity, on the basis of which one-channel thinking is overcome, due to the fact that:

Channel submission - perception information is divided into verbal and visual channels;

Channel interactions "teacher - student" - on information and communication channels;

Channel design - on the direct channel of constructing training models and the reverse channel of comparative-evaluative activities using technological models.

4. The principle of coordination and polydialogue of external and internal plans:

coordination of the content and form of interaction between external and internal plans of activity;

· coordination of interhemispheric verbal-figurative dialogue in the internal plan and coordination of interplanar dialogue.

5. The principle of triad representation (functional completeness) of semantic groups:

triad "objects of the world": nature, society, man;

· the triad of "spheres of mastering the world": science, art, morality;

triad "basic activities": cognition, experience, evaluation;

· triad "description": structure, functioning, development.

6. The principle of universality, i.e., all-subjectivity of tools, suitability for use in lessons of different types, in different subjects, in professional, creative and managerial activities.

7. The principle of programmability and repeatability of basic operations performed in the multidimensional representation and analysis of knowledge: the formation of semantic groups and the "granulation" of knowledge, coordination and ranking, semantic linking, reformulation.

8. The principle of self-dialogicality, realizing in dialogues of various types: an internal interhemispheric dialogue of mutual reflection of information from a figurative into a verbal form, an external dialogue between a mental image and its reflection in the external plane.

9. The principle of supporting thinking - reliance on models of a reference or generalized nature in relation to the designed object, reliance on models when performing various types of activities (preparatory, educational, cognitive, search), etc.

10. The principle of compatibility of the properties of the image and the model tools, in accordance with which the holistic, figurative and symbolic nature of certain knowledge is realized, which makes it possible to combine the multidimensional representation of knowledge and the orientation of activity.

11. The principle of compatibility of figurative and conceptual reflection , according to which, in the process of cognitive activity, the languages ​​of both hemispheres of the brain are combined, due to which the degree of efficiency of operating information and its assimilation increases.

12. The principle of quasi-fractality deployment of multidimensional models for representing values ​​on repetition of a limited number of operations.

The main goal of the introduction of MDT - reduce labor intensity and increase the efficiency of the teacher and the student through the use of multidimensional didactic tools.

The most effective and promising tool of multidimensional didactic technology for use in the educational process arelogical-semantic models (LSM) knowledge (themes, phenomena, events, etc.) in the form of coordinate-matrix frameworks of a support-nodal type for a visual, logical and consistent presentation and assimilation of educational information.

Logical - semantic model is a tool for representing knowledge in natural language in the form of an image - a model.

The semantic component of knowledge is represented by keywords placed on the frame and forming a connected system. In this case, one part of the keywords is located at the nodes on the coordinates and represents the connections and relationships between the elements of the same object. In general, each element of a meaningfully related system of keywords receives precise addressing in the form of a "coordinate-node" index.

The development and construction of the LSM makes it easier for the teacher to prepare for the lesson, enhances the visibility of the material being studied, allows algorithmization of the educational and cognitive activity of students, and makes prompt feedback.

The ability to present large arrays of educational material in the form of a visual and compact logical and semantic model, where the logical structure is determined by the content and order of arrangement of coordinates and nodes, gives a double result: firstly, time is freed up for practicing the skills of students, and secondly, the constant use of LSM in the learning process forms a logical understanding of the studied topic, section or course as a whole among students.

When using MDT, there is a transition from traditional education to a student-centered one, the design and technological competence of both the teacher and students develops, a qualitatively different level of the teaching process and the assimilation of knowledge is achieved.